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Biomedical subjects

E Kolb

Publications and source records attributed to E Kolb.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Clinical studies with computer-assisted initial lidocaine therapy.

A randomized prospective study compared achievement and maintenance of therapeutic plasma concentrations in patients receiving computer-assisted (CA) initial lidocaine hydrochloride therapy, designed pharmacokinetically to achieve and maintain a chosen plasma concentration, v conventional lidocaine therapy (CT). A separate audit of outcome was also conducted. The CA regimens provided more effective concentrations in the first hour than did CT, 2.65 v 1.5 micrograms/mL average. In the audit, ventricular fibrillation occurred in two of 78 CA v eight of 78 CT patients. Dosage adjustments were required in two CA patients v 33 CT patients. The CA therapy improved therapeutic precision, reduced dosage adjustments, and may have improved safety during initial lidocaine therapy before fitting to plasma concentration data for subsequent feedback. An improved clinical computer program now also fits to plasma concentration data. It is accessed and used routinely by hospitals over an international time-sharing network.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Recent advances in the biochemistry and characteristics of tumor viruses and the biochemistry of tumor development in man and animal].

The transformation of cells in animals into tumour cells is mainly evoked by tumour viruses: These are taken into the genome and evoke the formation of transforming proteins (tumour antigens), which partly acts as protein kinases and cause changes of the membrane proteins. Thus the regulation of the cell division is excluded. The DNA-molecules which are in their structure analogous or much equal to the desoxyribonucleic acids of the proviruses and the tumour viruses are normal constituents of the nucleus-DNA of the man and the animals and are called cellular oncogens in contrast to the viral oncogens. Under physiologic conditions the cellular oncogens are not or only at a very small extent used for the formation of proteins. Some tumour viruses cause a formation of tumours only by means of an activation of cellular oncogens, i.e. by efficacy as promotor sections. In man most tumours develop under the influence of carcinogens which lead to the development of repair processes on the DNA and to the new organisation of the arrangement of DNA-molecules. Here the cellular oncogens are activated, which evoke an increased synthesis of transforming proteins. Thus, on principle the development of tumours takes place in the same way in man and animal. In the most tumour forms of man oncogenic DNA-molecules are proved, which in their structure correspond to the viral oncogens of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Recent knowledge on the biochemistry and function of insulin and the effects of insufficient secretion and activity of the hormone].

The insulin receptors consist of a binding component and an affinity regulator. The binding of the insulin molecules to the receptors of the hepatocytes leads to an activation of a protease in the membrane, by which means glycopeptides are splitted off from glycoproteins: these act as mediators and activate phosphatases. In various enzymes the dephosphorylation leads to an increase of activity. By mediation of the insulin mediators the insulin bound to the cell membrane may also influence the mitochondria and cytoblasts. A main effect of the insulin consists in furthering the transport of glucose transport molecules from the interior of the cells into the membranes, by which means the intake of glucose is temporarily much increased. In an insulin-depending diabetes mellitus there are often inflammatory processes in the islets of the pancreas and antibodies against proteins of the B-cells in the blood plasma. The disadvantage in diabetes is mainly evoked by the hyperglycaemia--by increase of glycosylation of proteins--as well as by the increase of the content of lipoproteins of very low and low density in the blood plasma.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1983

[Current knowledge on the biochemistry and function of hypothalamic hormones].

By specialized cell types of the hypothalamus 6 peptides (liberins) acting stimulating on the synthesis and secretion of hormones of the pituitary gland and 3 peptides acting inhibiting (statins) were formed. The synthesis of the hypothalamus hormones apparently takes place from larger precursor molecules. Under influence of corticoliberin the pro-opiomelanocortin is formed in the pituitary gland, the breaking up of which produces in the anterior pituitary lobe the ACTH, the beta-lipotropin and the beta-endorphin as well as in the middle lobe above all melanotropins. The secretion of the growth hormone is furthered above all by the somatoliberin and inhibited by the somatostatin. The luliberin stimulates the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinising hormone (LH). In increased secretion of prolactin the supply of the FSH- and LH-synthetizing cells with receptors for the luliberin is decreased. The secretion of the prolactin is furthered by the prolactoliberin and inhibited by the prolactostatin. In the regulation of the release of the melanotropins also participate 2 peptides. In the adrenal cortex the melanotropins further the synthesis of glucocorticosteroids stimulated by ACTH.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Recent immunobiochemical advances on the function of the immune system of the mucous membrane in the gastrointestinal tract].

In the mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal canal large quantities of T- and B-lymphocytes appear which are in constant renovation. The lymphocytes situated intraepithelially and in the lamina propria have a contact with the antigens touching the mucous membrane or taken into it (alimentary proteins, bacteria, viruses, protozoa), by means of which a more or less important evocation of immune reactions is brought about. IgA-molecules formed by plasma cells of the mucous membrane are given into the lumen and there they bind antigens, by means of which these are prevented from the connection with the epithelial cells. A part of the IgA-molecules is transported into the liver via the blood plasma and the lymph, respectively, where a destruction of the antigen-IgA-complexes takes place. The IgA-molecules are excreted via the bile into the intestine. Under certain conditions an allergy against alimentary proteins (lactoprotein, egg white protein, cereal protein) develops. Lymphocytes carried off from the intestinal canal settle in other tissues and may mediate "immunological experience", which is particularly of importance in the milk secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Extracorporeally induced whole-body hyperthermia in conventionally incurable malignant tumor patients].

Whole body hyperthermia was produced in 14 patients with conventionally incurable malignant disease. The technique consisted of arteriovenous shunting involving extracorporeal circulation with heat exchange during general anaesthesia. A temperature of 41.8 degrees C was maintained for periods of 6 hours. After achieving hyperthermic temperatures treatment was enlarged by administration of 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg) in patients with colorectal carcinoma and by dacarazine (200 mg/m2) in patients with malignant melanoma. In 5 out 6 patients with stage IV colorectal carcinoma stabilisation of the disease was seen for an average of 10 months. In contrast, progression of the disease was seen in patients with malignant melanoma and mean survival was only 5 months. These preliminary results in a small number of patients indicate that 1. induction and maintenance of whole body hyperthermia is clinically possible, 2. technical requirements are considerable, however feasible, 3. different tumours react differently to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cloning of Herpesvirus saimiri DNA fragments representing the entire L-region of the genome.

Purified particles of Herpesvirus saimiri, a potent tumor-eliciting virus of primates, contain genomic DNA molecules (145-170 kb) consisting of a unique L-DNA region (112 kb) which is flanked by variable stretches of repetitive sequences (H-DNA). Restriction fragments representing the entire L-DNA of H. saimiri strain No. 11 were cloned in plasmid and bacteriophage vectors. The internal fragments of L-DNA generated by the enzymes EcoRI and KpnI were inserted into plasmid pACYC184, cosmid pJC81, or bacteriophage lambda derivative Charon 4A. The terminal parts of L-DNA, including the junctions between repetitive DNA and unique sequences, were cloned between the cleavage sites for KpnI and SmaI in the plasmid vector pWD7, which was constructed for this purpose. Molecular cloning allowed us to confirm and modify, in part, the existing cleavage maps of H. saimiri DNA. It provides a basis for future studies on virus replication and oncogenic transformation.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1982

[Relationship between nutrition and tumor formation].

The tumours of man mainly develop under the influence of the long-term intake of carcinogens and cocarcinogens. There is a correlation between the level of the intake of meat and the development of tumours of the colon and the mamma. In vegetarians these forms of tumours very rarely appear. For their prevention it is necessary to decrease the consumption of sorts of meat and sausage rich in fat, so that less than 50 g of animal fat are taken in a day. It is to be recommended an increase of the consumption of food-stuffs rich in raw fibers. The caretenes, the vitamin A and the vitamin-A-acid proved as anticarcinogens. In smokers an intake of carotene and vitamin A which overwhelms the need is useful. With smoked food-stuffs in small quantities benzpyrene and nitrosamines are taken in, a restriction of the consumption of smoked meat and fish is not to be recommended. a carcinogenic effect have also aflatoxines, for which purpose no food-stuffs infested by fungi must be taken in.

Benzopyrenes↗
PubMed1982

[Recent nutrition biochemical findings on the importance of vitamion E and selenium in man and animal].

Recent knowledge concerning the importance of vitamin E and selenium for the health and functional capacity are demonstrated. A lack of vitamin E in man was up to now proved only in immaturely born children, in whom the application of a water-soluble vitamin E preparation is to be recommended. In adults in endangiitis obliterans a favourable influence by higher dosage of vitamin E was established. The need of vitamin E depends on the supply with selenium, with unsaturated fatty acids and with S-containing aminoacids. Selenium is necessary for the synthesis of glutathion peroxidase. The vitamin E is mainly effective in the degradation of fatty acid-peroxide compounds in the membranes, the glutathion peroxidase in the soluble proportions of the cells. By numerous works of animals experiments importance of the two essential nutrition factors for the preservation of structure and function in the molecular region was clarified. The vitamin E is, among others, important for the detoxication processes in the liver and for the immune defense.

Anemia↗
PubMed1982

[Recent findings in biochemistry and the significance of endorphins and enkephalins].

Peptides with morphine-like efficacy, which are called endorphines and enkephalines, are formed by the nerve cells of numerous segments of the central nervous system and of the gastrointestinal canal. The efficacy of these peptides which decrease the sensation of pain is increased in certain stress (lesions, operative interventions, heat, birth). They stimulate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, influence the secretion of certain hormones and decrease the sensitivity to pain. In acupuncture the release of the endorphines is increased. The formation of the endorphines takes place by peptidolysis from a prodromal molecule--the pro-opiomelanocortin--and the formation of the enkephalines by peptidolysis from the proenkephalines. The binding of the endorphines and of the enkephalines takes place on receptors in the area of the synapses of the certain nerve cells, which also bind opium alkaloids. Under the influence of the opiate-receptor-complexes an influence on the stimulus conduction takes place which is reduced. Particularly those nerve cells are concerned which conduct stimulations from nozireceptors. The endogenic opiates take furthermore part in the regulation of reproduction, the body temperature, the respiration and the function of the gastrointestinal canal.

Acupuncture Therapy↗