[Glucose level, GOT, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities in the blood plasma of swine during fattening with crude microbial or yeast protein].
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
E Kolb
Publications and source records attributed to E Kolb.
[Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in the blood plasma of swine of different age groups and of piglets with inability to stand].
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Acetylcholinesterase↗
[Dry mass and different mineral (Ca, Mg, Na, P) levels in various organs and skeletal muscles of newborn piglets with very low birth weight].
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Animals↗
[Glucose levels and various enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in camel serum during the day].
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Acid Phosphatase↗
[The problem of the use of antibiotics in animal production and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in man].
The application of various antibiotics (penicillin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol a.o.) as growth stimulators in feed-stuff for calves, lambs, pigs and for fattened poultry in low dosage (20-150 mg/kg feed), leads to the fact that already after a short time a great share of antibiotic-resistant strains appears in the intestinal flora, in which may be contained also pathogenic strains (e.g. species of Salmonella). In most cases a multifarious resistance is developed, conditioned by R-plasmides. Through the excretions of the animals a part of the resistant bacteria goes into the air and may taken up by man. The resistant bacteria may be transferred to man also by food-stuff of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs). The great increase of the settlement of the intestinal canal of man with resistant strains of bacteria is for a large part to be traced back to the acceptance of such germs from useful animals. Due to this development also the therapeutic effectiveness of many antibiotics in medicine is much decreased. In future only such antibiotics shall be used in the feeding of animals, which cannot be used therapeutically. Also other ergotropics are increasingly used.
Animal Feed↗
[Recent findings on the importance of vitamin A and its metabolism in man and laboratory animals].
A survey is given concerning recent realizations of importance and metabolism of vitamin A in man and experimental animals. The transport of vitamin A from the small intestine takes place in form of esters by inclusion in chylomicrons and lipoproteins. A higher content in the blood plasma over a longer period evokes toxic effects. In the liver one part of the vitamin A in form of an ester with binding to lipoproteins is accumulated, one part is - according to the need - associated with a vitamin-A-binding protein, which forms complexes with prealbumin molecules and transports the vitamin to the various places of effect. With the help of the receptor proteins the vitamin A is included in the cells, in which it is effective and is transported into the vitamin-A-aldehyde and the vitamin-A-acid. The vitamin A and the vitamin-A-acid are transported into the cell nuclei with the help of receptor-proteins and play a role in the differentiation of the tissues and in the regulation of the synthesis of RNA. When a deficit or an abundance of vitamin A is present in the early phase of pregnancy malformations in the fetuses appear. The vitamin A and structure-similar connections have an inhibiting effect on the development of tumours.
Animals↗
[New findings on the importance of the histocompatibility Y antigen for sex differentiation and its role in the origin of developmental disorders of the reproductive organs].
In the differentiation of the male reproductive organs the histocompatibility antigen Y plays an important role, which is formed under physiological conditions under the influence of a gene of the Y-chromosome in the most cell types of male mammals and occurs in the cell membranes. The H-Y is delivered by Sertoli's cells and furthers the development of the testicles. These cells moreover deliver testosterone-binding protein and an inhibiting factor for the development of Müller's ducts. For the effectiveness of testosterone the equipment of the in their function testosterone-depending cell types with androgen-receptor protein is necessary, the formation of which is conditioned by a gene lying on the X-chromosome. For the maturation and preservation of the viability of the oocytes two functioning X-chromosomes are necessary. Several disturbances of the development of the reproductive organs as well as the trans-sexuality are demonstrated taking into consideration recent realizations.
Disorders of Sex Development↗
[Recent discoveries on the biochemical significance of vitamin K and some characteristics of vitamin K dependent proteins].
Vitamin K1 and K2 as well as menadione are in the cells for the largest part transformed into 2-methyl-3-geranylgeranylnaphthoquinone which is hydrated to hydroquinone and which is a constituent of the carboxylase system. By means of this enzyme system in the precursors of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X the proportions of carboxyglutamate are changed into proportions of gamma-carboxyglutamate. Through these proportions of gamma-carboxyglutamate these coagulation factors may be enriched at phospholipid membranes with participation of Ca-ions in the area of injuries of vessels, by means of which the blood coagulation is locally much furthered. By dicoumarol and warfarin this carboxylation is much inhibited and at the same time the degradation of the K-vitamins is much stimulated, the vitamin K content in the liver decreases. The vitamin K depending carboxylase system occurs also in the rough endoplasmatic reticulum of lung, nerve, bone and kidney cells. In the bone cells its participates in the formation of the gamma-carboxyglutamate containing osteocalcin which is of importance for the mineralisation of the bones. Proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamate were proved also in ribosomes.
1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
[New findings on the metabolism and importance of the D vitamins, with special reference to the use of vitamin D].
Animal-experimental examinations show that the peroral or intramuscular application of a high dose of vitamin D2 or of D3 leads to a toxic effect of these compounds on the osteocytes and that the hypercalcaemia evoked by this is mainly to be traced back to an increased deliberation of calcium from the bones. After application of a larger dose of vitamin D the activation mechanism in the liver and in the kidneys is much inhibited for several weeks so that no formation of 1,25-hydroxy-vitamin-D takes place; consequently, no furthering effect on the mineralisation of the bones is performed. Therefore, it is recommended to use physiological doses in the prevention of rachitis (500-1,000 IU a day). During the pregnancy the activity of the enzymes which participate in the activation of the D-vitamins increases in the liver and the kidneys. The kidneys of the fetuses are able to form 1,25-hydroxy-vitamin-D. Vitamin D and 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D transgress through the placenta into the fetuses. Due to the adaptation mentioned and the increased formation of 1,25-hydroxy-vitamin-D the absorption of calcium and phosphate increases during pregnancy. Recent pathobiochemical knowledge concerning the metabolism of the D-vitamins in several diseases are described.
Bone and Bones↗
[Treatment of pain and anesthesia in emergency and catastrophe medicine (author's transl)].
Catastrophe conditions for anesthesia and the treatment of pain arise when otherwise conventional techniques and procedures, including supervision of the patient, can only be carried out incompletely or not at all. Pain must be controlled with analgesics which have the least possible side-effects. When supplies of energy and gas fail, inhalation anesthesia can only be carried out under certain circumstances. In its place intravenous anesthesia can be used, with or without relaxation, with air breathing or artificial respiration. Reports in the literature of studies and experience attribute particular importance to ketamine in this respect.
Analgesics, Opioid↗
[Progress in human pancreas transplantation (author's transl)].
Between July 1980 and March 1981, 7 simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants were performed in patients with juvenile diabetes and renal insufficiency. A duct-occluded (Prolamine) segmental pancreas was placed into the peritoneal cavity with vascular anastomoses to the left iliac vessels. Three transplantations were unsuccessful because of a damaged transplant, and one was lost because of venous thrombosis. Three patients with a maximal follow-up of 9 1/2 months have normal blood sugar despite lack of exogenous insulin and despite prednisone intake.
Adult↗
Pathogenesis of urgency in defaecation in Crohn's disease.
In 39 patients with Crohn's disease with 20 suffering from urgency in defaecation, the degree of proctitis, anal basal and squeeze pressures and anal sphincter responses to passive rapid or slow rectal filling were not correlated to the presence or absence of urgency or its severity. However, there was a positive correlation between urgency and both defaecation frequency and looseness of stools as well as extent of disease, with invariable involvement of the small intestine in urgency patients. Disease confined to the colon was found only in non-urgency cases. It was proposed that extensive disease involving both the small and large intestine could elicit abnormal bowel motility, and lead to unusually rapid rectal filling, inevitably followed by rapid reflex relaxation of the anal sphincter, manifesting itself as urgency. This hypothesis would be consistent with the observation that operative removal of diseased bowel with ileorectal anastomosis may abolish urgency.
Adolescent↗
[Enzymes in various tissues in swine. 6. Crude protein levels and Mg-ATPase, Na, K-ATPase and HCO3-ATPase in kidneys of swine fetuses, piglets and swine for slaughter].
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Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Fluproquazone in the management of strains and sprains.
A double-blind randomized trial was carried out in 59 patient suffering from moderately severe to severe strains and sprains to compare the efficacy of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone (fluproquazone) in the relief of pain. Patients received either 50 mg or 100 mg fluproquazone up to 6 times daily for 3 days. The results of subjective assessments showed that after 2 days pain had either completely resolved or markedly improved in all patients. Both treatments were equally effective in relieving both spontaneous pain and pain on movement after 1 and 2 days. No differences were found between the two groups in the patients' overall evaluation of treatment or physicians' assessment of therapeutic response. Both dosage were well tolerated during the short-term trial.
Adult↗
[Modification of blood serum mineral levels and aspartate aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma in glucose levels in healthy cattle by Ca-Mg-containing solutions].
Three high-performance cows in lactation were tested each for the effects of two kinds of infusion each, 500 ml of Tetamag-2 solution (60 g of calcium gluconate and 60 g of magnesium adipate) and 500 ml of Calcimag (100 g of calcium gluconate and 20 g of magnesium adipate), upon the levels of calcium, magnesium, Pa, potassium, and sodium as well as upon the activities of aspartate-aminotransferase, leucine-aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum and upon glucose levels in blood plasma. Migration of calcium out of blood plasma was found to take place at much higher rate than that of magnesium. Infusion of Pa and glucose was followed soon by some temporary drop of values. No directional effects were recordable from potassium and sodium. Aspartate-aminotransferase activity did not change in response to transfusion. Intravenous infusion of Tetamag-2 solution caused strong temporary rise in magnesium concentration and, consequently, activation of leucine-aminopeptidase.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
[Blood mineral (Ca, Mg, Na K, Pa) levels and aspartate aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase activity and blood glucose levels in cattle with hypomagnesemia prior to and following infusion of a 500 ml solution containing 60 g of Mg adipate and 60 g of Ca gluconate].
The levels of various compounds in blood serum and blood plasma were tested in 14 heads of cattle with hypomagnesiaemia (x = 0.76 +/- 0.29 mg/100 ml), prior to and following infusion of 500 ml of a calcium-magnesium solution (containing 60 g of magnesium adipate and 60 g of calcium gluconate). Concomitant hypocalcaemia (6.1 mg/100 ml) was recordable only from one animal. Most of the potassium as well as all Pa and protein values in blood serum were physiologically normal, while sodium ws somewhat reduced. The glucose level in blood plasma was increased in the animal with concomitant hypocalcaemia and in one animal with poor recovery potential. The drops in magnesium and calcium levels in blood serum, following infusion, in cattle with hypomagnesiaemia was very similar to that in clinically intact cattle. Aspartate-aminotransferase and creatinine-phosphokinase activities of the serum were increased in all cattle, but leucine-aminopeptidase activity in only some of them. The activity of alkaline phosphatase of the blood serum was physiologically normal.
Adipates↗
[Protein, myofibrils, sarcoplasma, connective tissue, and nonprotein N levels in various muscles of healthy piglets and those with pathological straddle].
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Animals↗
Carcinogenicity in Syrian golden hamsters of N-nitrosamines formed during nitrosation of spermidine.
Several N-nitrosamines are formed during the nitrosation of the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Since these polyamines may represent a source for the endogenous or exogenous formation of N-nitrosamines, their major nitrosation products were assayed for carcinogenicity in male Syrian golden hamsters. Administration of N-nitroso-3-butenyl(2-propenyl)amine SC once a week for life at a dose of 300 mg/kg induced neoplasms mostly in the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, larynx, trachea). Lung microlithiasis (alveolar and bronchial) also developed in all these animals. In contrast, N-nitroso-3-butenyl(3-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitroso-4-hydroxybutyl(2-propenyl)amine induced neoplasms, primarily in the digestive tract, including the nonglandular stomach, cecum, colon, and adrenal gland.
Animals↗