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Biomedical subjects

E Kraus-Mackiw

Publications and source records attributed to E Kraus-Mackiw.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prevention of sympathetic ophthalmia. State of the art 1989.

Ophthalmologists are daily confronted with intraocular inflammation following trauma and/or intraocular surgery. In rare cases, this may lead to the loss of visual function in both eyes, i.e. sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). In order to reduce the scope of responsible action between enucleation of the exciting eye (EE), which still has good vision, and progressive inflammation of the second eye (SE) resulting in blindness if action is delayed, a score system was established based on all SO symptoms which had become known from the literature and personal communications up the end of 1988. The score system developed by HANNE et al. allows causal differentiation between SO or uveitis of other genesis in the partner eye taking into account the prior history and findings in the EE and the occurrence of symptoms after the last accident/operation and findings in the SE. If the last eye is involved, the presence of SO should be assumed in every case where there are signs of intraocular inflammation in order to allow immediate commencement of anti-inflammatory therapy, the more so since it is known that corticosteroids and cytostatics (this also applies to cyclosporin A) can only arrest the immunopathologic processes in the initial phase of the disease.

Blindness↗
PubMed1990

Sympathetic ophthalmia, a genuine autoimmune disease.

Intraocular inflammation of exogenous origin, which may lead to the loss of visual function in both eyes, i.e. SO confronts ophthalmologists much less rarely than might be expected. Epidemiological studies comprising ergophthalmological aspects underscore this. Questions with regard to therapy should consider the fact that the T cell-mediated cytotoxic disease which causes the transition from the initially unilateral subthreshold exogenous uveitis into the bilateral progressive phase is by no means a rare disorder, especially in secondary surgical operations on predamaged eyes with fresh intraocular hemorrhages, vascular neoplasia and secondary glaucoma. This should be recalled again by practicing ophthalmologists, thus enabling the prevention of SO. If SO is a "forme fruste" of retinitis pigmentosa, as is very likely to be the case, further clarification requires clinicopathologic studies in close collaboration with immunologists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Dyslexia-- a peculiar form of heterophoria?].

The authors discuss the problem of legasthenia--a particular impediment in the learning of fluent reading and orthographic writing. One connects it with a form of heterophoria in which the eyes--because of an inacurate and changeable function of binocular vision are unable to exert precise saccadic movements enabling a binocular or precisely unimacular reading. A childish art of following with the eyes from one detail to the other during the learning of reading must be transformed into minute fixation movements in conditions of a permanent excitation of convergence and accommodation to which the child is not accustomed. This leads sometimes to a false positioning of the eyes and in the consequence to a spatial disorganization in the succeeding set of letters. Therapeutical results show that as well legasthenia as its complications in the general behaviour of the child are receding together with the improvement of the sensorimotor functions of the eye.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Early stage of human sympathetic ophthalmia. Histologic and immunopathologic findings.

Sympathetic uveitis developed in a 64-year-old woman 11 weeks after posttraumatic vitrectomy accompanied by vitreous hemorrhage. After removal of the exciting eye three weeks later, the sympathetic inflammation in the second eye subsided. Histologic examination revealed typical signs of an early stage of sympathetic ophthalmia characterized by a focally pronounced infiltration of lymphoid and T cells exclusively in the choroid. These T cells consisted of Leu 2a+ suppressor-cytotoxic T cells and a few Leu 3a+ inducer T cells situated near HLA-DR+ cells of the uvea. The latter contained electron-lucent cytoplasm without pigment granules and may represent the accessory cells for the initiation of the T-cell reaction. The findings suggest that sympathetic ophthalmia represents a T-cell-mediated cytotoxic reaction (similar to allograft rejection and graft-v-host disease) toward antigens on or near the pigment epithelium or the uveal melanocytes.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1983

[Surgical procedure for restoration of the physiological alignment of the eyes following muscular dysfunction].

Eight adult patients suffering from bilateral or unilateral N VI paralysis of more than one year's standing, and from rupture of the inferior rectus muscle due to accident underwent transposition of the muscle venter, a method which has been practiced now for five years. In all these patients the starting point of eyeball movement was shifted either outward or downward with the result that the primary position of the yeses could be used for either full or intermittent binocular vision. Where the patient had monocular vision either unilateral or alternating, at least spatial orientation was improved, as a result of the restored physiological alignment of the visual axes with the sagittal plane of the body.

Female↗
PubMed1982

[Side-effects of atropine: pharmacological, allergic, pseudo-allergic or toxic reactions?].

Between 1979 and 1981 31 children aged from one to 14 years who had been given atropine eye drops to measure refraction presented with the following side-effects: increased temperature (9/31), dry red skin (8/31), reddened eye (3/31) and periorbital dermatitis (2/31) after single (22/31) or repeated (9/31) administration of atropine. In the epicutaneous test with atropine eye drops 1% (readings after 24, 48 and 72 hours) not a single child showed an allergic or toxic reaction. The rarity of an allergy after administration of atropine drops is emphasized by the fact that periorbital dermatitis was observed in only two cases. Clinical experience shows that incipient allergy owing to the anatomical structure of the conjunctiva and eye lids first becomes apparent in the region of the eye, even if the epicutaneous test is not necessarily positive in the dorsum skin. In view of the necessity of administering atropine prior to emergency surgery it is advisable to carry out epicutaneous tests if side-effects have been observed in the eye, to make sure that the patient is not allergic to the drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis in Moebius' syndrome (author's transl)].

In a 16-year-old boy with congenital bilateral paralysis of the sixth cranial nerve and unilateral paralysis of the seventh nerve (on the right) heterochromia of the right eye was observed, characterized by a lighter color of the iris, precipitates on Descemet's membrane and absence of synechiae. The development of Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis in combination with Moebius' syndrome is discussed in connection with possible pathogenic factors, in particular immunopathologic processes which may contribute to an understanding of the origin and progression of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Effects of inconspicuous bionocular defects, their diagnosis and suggestions for therapy (author's transl)].

Unclear asthenopic complaints are often due to intermittant loss of binocularity. Simple tests are described, based on the characteristic features of physiological binocularity. They can be used to demonstrate an intermittant alternating or unilateral central scotoma which may be the result of the interaction of primarily sensory or primarily motor dysfunctions. Hence particular importance must be attached to using these methods with varying distances and directions of vision. The findings obtained from these tests should be the starting point of therapy.

Accommodation, Ocular↗