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Biomedical subjects

E Leidig

Publications and source records attributed to E Leidig.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Syndrome patients within the framework of the early orthodontic treatment of infants with cheilognathopalatoschisis].

The orthodontist's early orthopaedic treatment of the newborn focuses on cleft palate infants and children with Down's syndrome. In more than 100 malformation syndromes, orofacial clefting occurs. The problem of syndrome diagnosis is discussed by way of clinical examples (Robin syndrome, Stickler syndrome). A case of orofacial digital syndrome serves to demonstrate the orthodontists contribution to syndromic diagnosis in early cleft rehabilitation.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1989

Pulsed Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurements in the superior mesenteric artery of the newborn.

In 25 healthy newborns transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound measurements (Duplex-Scan) of flow velocities in the superior mesenteric artery were performed to define normal values and to investigate the response of intestinal blood flow to feeding. The diameter of the vessel was measured from real-time and M-mode imaging: mean value 3.2 mm. The analysis of the flow patterns before and after feeding revealed a significant change of the blood flow with increase of the peak velocity (Vp) (from 57 +/- 3.1 cm/sec to 97 +/- 11.5 cm/s) and the mean velocity (Vm) (from 22 +/- 1.6 cm/s to 41 +/- 4.1 cm/s). The pulsatility index decreased from 0.85 in the fasting baby to 0.73 45 min after feeding. The Vm was correlated with the post natal age and depended upon the quantity and quality of the meals. Neonates when fed only with tea/glucose 5% or small amounts of milk in the first 24 h, showed a fasting Vm of about 17-18 cm/s. Neonates older than two days who were fed with increasing amounts of milk showed a mean pre feeding Vm of 30 +/- 3.8 cm/s.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

Doppler analysis of superior mesenteric artery blood flow in preterm infants.

Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound measurements were made of the superior mesenteric artery of 22 preterm infants (mean birth weight 600-2580 g) to investigate the response of intestinal blood flow to feeding. Analysis of the data in relation to milk intake showed a significant change in peak velocity and mean velocity; peak velocity before feeding increased from a mean baseline value of 34 cm/s in fasting infants to 46 cm/s when less than 50 g milk/kg body weight a day were given, and up to 56 cm/s when 50 g or more of milk/kg body weight a day were given. The corresponding values for mean velocity were 10, 15, and 22 cm/s, respectively. The pulsatility index decreased from 0.94 to 0.90 and 0.86 as milk volumes were increased. This investigation showed characteristic changes in the response of intestinal blood flow to feeding: 15 minute peak velocity and mean velocity rose significantly 15, 45, and 90 minutes after feeding, whereas the pulsatility index fell. Flow rate peaked 45 minutes after feeding.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1988

Intrauterine development of posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Differential diagnosis of intrauterine hydrocephalus includes various types of cerebral malformations. In about 30% of cases the pathogenesis remains unknown. During 1983-1985 we diagnosed intrauterine posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (IPHH) in four newborns. In three of the reported cases intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) could already be proven in the fetus. Due to these observations, IPHH has to be considered with the differential diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus. Haemorrhagic diathesis and multiple pregnancy are discussed as possible risk factors for this severe fetal complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Sonography of adrenal gland diseases in the newborn infant].

Diseases and morphological changes of the adrenal gland play an important role especially in the newborn, because malformations, congenital errors of metabolism, connatal tumours and birth injuries become symptomatic in this period of life. In this paper, the possibilities of neonatal adrenal ultrasonography for diagnosis and in the aspect of differential diagnosis are discussed. The characteristic sonographic appearance is the thin echogenic core surrounded by a thick transonic zone. Adrenal haemorrhage as well as the neuroblastoma disturb these structures and show their own characteristic pattern. In congenital adrenal hyperplasia the organ is enlarged in a fold-like manner. In agenesis or displacement of the kidney the adrenal gland presents as an elongated mass in the renal fossa and on the psoas muscle.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Improved outcome in very low birth weight infants from 1977 to 1983.

Changes of mortality and neurological morbidity in 351 very low birth-weight infants cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital Tübingen during the years 1977 to 1983 are reported. The main finding was a survival rate increasing from 69.5% in 1977-79 to 76.6% in 1982-83 and a coinciding frequency of severe neurological sequelae decreasing from 9.2%-3.7%. The incidence of minor neurodevelopmental problems remained unchanged. However, mortality after discharge was found to be increased during the period observed. In conclusion, the intensification of neonatal intensive care in our hospital did not only reduce mortality but also the rate of severe neurological sequelae, thus not only survival rate but also the quality of survival could be improved.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1986

Obstetrical and neonatal risk factors in very low birth weight infants related to their neurological development.

An analysis of pre- and perinatal risks in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants showed that children later suffering from severe neurodevelopmental sequelae were exposed to a significantly higher number of risk factors compared to normally developed VLBW controls. This was not only due to a higher incidence of specific risks, but to the accumulation of risk factors, which consequently made an ischaemic or haemorrhagic brain lesion more likely to occur. This result suggests that brain lesions in VLBW infants are essentially multifactorial. The improved outcome of VLBW infants cared for in the NICU of the Children's Hospital of Tübingen during 1977-1983 was accompanied by a decreasing incidence of obstetrical and neonatal risks. This was mainly due to more frequent transport in utero, earlier obstetrical intervention, and immediate postnatal stabilization of the infant's condition. These changes in perinatal care strategy evidently favoured the postnatal course and thus also improved the neurodevelopmental outcome.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Intraoperative monitoring in artificial respiration of premature and newborn infants. I. Monitoring of respiratory parameters and alveolar ventilation].

Monitoring of ventilation serves to ensure adequate alveolar ventilation and arterial oxygenation, and to avoid pulmonary damage due to mechanical ventilation. Basic clinical monitoring, i.e., inspection, auscultation (including precordial or oesophageal stethoscope) and monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure, is mandatory. Mechanical ventilation is monitored by ventilation pressures (peak pressure, plateau pressure and endexpiratory pressure), ventilation volumes (measured at the in/expiratory valve of the respirator and by hot-wire anemometry at the tube connector), ventilation rate, and inspiratory oxygen concentration (FiO2). Alveolar ventilation should be continuously and indirectly recorded by capnometry (pECO2) and by measurement of transcutaneous pCO2 (tcpCO2), whereas oxygenation is determined via measurement of transcutaneous pO2 (tcpO2). Invasive monitoring of gas exchange is essential in prolonged or intrathoracic interventions as well as in neonates with cardiopulmonary problems. paCO2 may be estimated by capillary or venous blood gas analysis; arterial blood gas analysis is required for exact determination of paCO2 as well as arteriocutaneous pCO2 (atcDCO2) and arterio-end-expiratory (aEDCO2) gradients.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1986

[Intraoperative monitoring in artificial respiration of premature and newborn infants. II. Monitoring of arterial oxygenation].

Monitoring of adequate arterial oxygenation serves to avoid periods of hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia with potentially life threatening or organ-damaging sequelae. Basic clinical monitoring, i.e., inspection and auscultation, is mandatory. In all infants, paO2 may be continuously and indirectly monitored by measurement of transcutaneous pO2 (tcpO2). The use of pulse oximetry for non-invasive measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is still undergoing clinical testing. Invasive monitoring of gas exchange is essential in prolonged or intrathoracic interventions as well as in neonates with cardiopulmonary problems. paO2 can be estimated by capillary blood gas analysis; arterial blood gas analysis, however, is required for exact determination of paO2 and of the arterio-cutaneous pO2 gradient (atcDO2). Intraarterial fibre optic determination of oxygen saturation or determination of paO2 with an intraarterial Clark electrode does not appear to be well suited for intraoperative conditions.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1985

[Sonographic detection and consequences of prenatally recognizable abnormalities].

Four cases of a fetal malformation and the antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound are reported (omphalocele, hydronephrosis, hydrocephaly, esophagus atresia). In our clinic about 50% of all fetuses with a malformation presented one of the reported anomalies. The obstetric, neonatale and surgical cooperation is essential in the management of the delivery and will improve fetal outcome. Frequently associated malformations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) - pathogenesis and therapy (author's transl)].

The clinical courses in 39 children with NEC were studied to answer questions about pathogeny and the indication for surgical treatment. Anamnestic, clinical and hematological findings show an ischemia to be the "conditio sine qua non". Disseminated intravascular coagulation does not seem to be the primary cause of the disease. Whether bacterial infections of the intestinal wall are of importance in the pathogeny cannot sufficiently be proven on the available findings. The clinical symptoms, the number of platelets and the level of serum-sodium make it possible to classify NEC in four stages with typical morphologic appearance. The results of an early and of a late treatment by operation are compared and it is deduced that the best moment for surgical intervention will be the change from stage II to stage III. Symptoms of stages II/III are the progressive clinical course with increasing intestinal bleeding, edema of the abdominal wall and scrotum, thrombopenia and low sodium level.

Child↗
PubMed1981

[Pulmonary blastoma in a 4 year old girl (author's transl)].

A case of a pulmonary blastoma is presented. The tumor's histological demarcation is difficult and contested. The diagnosis was delivered by two independent pathologists. Because of the malignancy of the tumor we decided on a combined surgical-cytostatic-radiological therapy, which has not yet been done in this way. The patient was symptom-free for 6 months, she then died however, from a brain metastasis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗