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Biomedical subjects

E Lynge

Publications and source records attributed to E Lynge.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cancer mortality in workers exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols.

Epidemiological studies have revealed an increased risk of cancer, notably soft-tissue sarcomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, in people occupationally exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides, including those contaminated by 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We report here a historical cohort study of mortality in an international register of 18,910 production workers or sprayers from ten countries. Exposure was reconstructed through questionnaires, factory or spraying records, and job histories. Cause-specific national death rates were used as reference. No excess was observed in all-cause mortality, for all neoplasms, for the most common epithelial cancers, or for lymphomas. A statistically non-significant two-fold excess risk, based on 4 observed deaths, was noted for soft-tissue sarcoma with a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 196 and 95% confidence interval (Cl) 53-502; this was concentrated as a six-fold statistically significant excess, occurring 10-19 years from first exposure in the cohort as a whole (SMR = 606 [165-1552]) and, for the same time period, as a nine-fold excess among sprayers (SMR = 882 [182-2579]). Risks appeared to be increased for cancers of the testicle, thyroid, other endocrine glands, and nose and nasal cavity, based on small numbers of deaths. The excess of soft-tissue sarcomas among sprayers is compatible with a causal role of chlorophenoxy herbicides but the excess does not seem to be specifically associated with those herbicides probably contaminated by TCDD.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1991

[Occurrence of colorectal cancer among parents of patients with this disease].

In order to investigate the influence of a possible genetic factor on the development of colorectal cancer (KRC), a cohort investigation was carried out among parents of patients with KRC. A total of 1,542 patients participated in the investigation. These patients were under the age of 60 years and registered in The Danish Cancer Register as cases of KRC during the period 1982-1984. 96% of the parents of these patients were identified by means of the administrative registers. The parents were then sought in The Danish Cancer Register for cancer during the period 1943-1986. The incidence rates for the Danish population were employed to calculate anticipated number of cases of KRC among these parents. significantly increased frequencies of KRC were found among both the mothers and the fathers, as the standardised incidence ratio was 1.62 in mothers and 1.87 among fathers. As a Danish investigation of spouses of patients with KRC has not demonstrated any increased frequency of KRC among spouses, it is concluded that this finding indicates a possible genetic factor in the etiology of KRC.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Case-control study of risk factors for cervical neoplasia in Denmark. I: Role of the "male factor" in women with one lifetime sexual partner.

Possible risk factors for cervical cancer were investigated in 645 women, 20-49 years of age from Copenhagen, with histologically confirmed cervical cancer or carcinoma in situ and in 614 controls drawn at random from the female population of the same area. To study the role of the "male factor", monogamous cases and controls together with their husbands were invited for further examination. This included a personal interview, a blood sample for analysis of herpes simplex virus antibodies, and a penile swab for papillomavirus analysis. In total, 41 case couples and 90 control couples were enrolled (89% and 92% of eligibles, respectively). The most significant risk determinants were a history of genital warts in the male (RR = 17.9 for ever vs. never) and ever having used condoms (RR = 0.2). Other potentially important factors, although not statistically significant, were ever having visited prostitutes (RR = 2.6, p = 0.14), circumcision (RR = 0.3, p = 0.18), and a history of genital warts in the female (RR = 4.6), p = 0.09). Having a husband with a history of multiple sexual partners was also associated with an increased crude risk, but when adjustment was made for husband ever having had genital warts, use of condom, and age, no significant excess risk was observed. Human papillomavirus DNA, which was tested for with ViraPap and ViraType, was detected in one of the controls, and in only 2 case husbands. This study points to the importance of "high-risk males" for the development of cervical cancer in their sexual partner; the results support the infectious nature of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cancer incidence among parents of patients with colorectal cancer.

To investigate the genetic factor in the development of colorectal cancer, a cohort study was undertaken of parents of patients with this disease. All 1,524 patients, who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in Denmark in 1982-84 and were below the age of 60 years, were selected from the National Cancer Register. The parents of these patients were identified from the public population registers. The index persons had a total of 1,478 eligible mothers, of whom 96% were successfully traced, and a total of 1,414 eligible fathers, of whom 96% were traced. These parents were sought in the Cancer Register for cancer cases diagnosed in the period January 1, 1943 to December 31, 1986. The incidence rates for the Danish population were used to estimate the expected numbers of colorectal cancer cases among the parents. Both the mothers and the fathers exhibited an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The standardized incidence ratios were 1.62 (95% CI 1.31-2.01) and 1.87 (95% CI 1.54-2.27), respectively. In a previous study we found that spouses of patients with colorectal cancer in Denmark did not have an increased risk of this disease. The increased risk found in the present study among the parents of patients therefore indicates that a possible genetic factor is present in the aetiology of colorectal cancer, and that it is of importance in the general population.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Choice of contraception in relation to sexual activity among younger women in Nuuk/Godthåb (Grönland) and in Nykøbing Falster (Danmark). A population-based cross-sectional study among 1,247 women].

Contraceptive habits in relation to sexual activity were investigated in a population-based cross-sectional investigation. A total of 661 women from Nykøbing Falster and 586 women from Nuuk/Godthåb in Greenland participated. The women, who were in the age group 20-39 years, were selected at random from the census and all underwent a personal interview. Both in Godthåb and in Nykøbing Falster a "non-barrier" method of contraception was the commonest method employed, regardless of the number of sexual partners. In Godthåb, the majority had thus employed IUDs and in Nykøbing Falster, oral contraception was the method most employed. In Godthåb, 9-22% had employed condoms on one or other occasion and the prevalence of this was found to increase with the number of sexual contacts. In Nykøbing Falster 57-63% had employed condoms but no significant variation was observed between various categories of numbers of partners in this area. From the point of view of prevention of sexually transmitted disease, it is striking that among women with greater than or equal to 20 sexual partners, approximately 79% and approximately 40% in Godthåb and Nykøbing Falster, respectively, had never employed condoms or diaphragms. In future, it will be important to investigate the patterns of sexual behaviour in various cultures and their development during the course of time in order to advise a population on the basis of the norms found in the culture concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Contraceptive use in random samples of Greenlandic and Danish women--changes from 1986 to 1988.

As part of a study of risk factors for cervical cancer, the possible change was assessed in the use of condoms after AIDS campaigns. In 1986, samples of 800 women aged 20-39 years were drawn at random from Nuuk/Godthåb (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark). A total of 586 and 661 women were interviewed in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. In 1988, new random samples of 150 women were drawn from the same areas. Totally, 129 Greenlandic and 126 Danish women were included in the study. From 1986 to 1988 the prevalence of ever having used condoms increased significantly among Greenlandic women aged 20-29, whereas no statistically significant changes were observed in Denmark. This pattern was independent of the lifetime number of sexual partners. Neither in Greenland nor in Denmark did the mean lifetime number of sexual partners change from 1986 to 1988.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1991

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupation in Denmark.

An analysis was made of the occurrence in Denmark of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men and women by socioeconomic group and detailed occupation, using a linkage between cancer registry data on incidence (1970-1980) and census data on industry and occupation (1970). No socioeconomic gradient in the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found. Significantly increased relative risks were found in a number of detailed occupational groups including female physicians, female family workers in retail trade and transport; and male fitters, and gold, silver, and electroplate workers in metal industry. Also male cowmen experienced a significantly increased risk, whereas the risk was not increased for farming in general. Tabulations of clusters of detailed occupational groups suggested that groups with potential exposure to infections and chemical agents may experience an increased risk for NHL.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Sexual habits of women aged 20-39 years. A comparison of 3 population-based studies from Nyköbing Falster, Copenhagen and Nuuk/Godthåb].

The sexual habits in women aged 20-39 years chosen at random were investigated. A total of 513 women from Copenhagen participated while there were 586 women from Nykøbing Falster and 661 women from Nuuk (Godthåb) in Greenland. The women from Copenhagen replied to a questionnaire investigation while women from the other two regions were interviewed personally. The age of commencement of sexual activity was considerably lower in Godthåb in women of all age groups than in Copenhagen and Nykøbing Falster e.g. the prevalence of women with age on commencement of sexual activity less than or equal to 16 years was 70-80% in Godthåb while the corresponding figures for Copenhagen were 50-60% and for Nykøbing Falster 30-58%. Comparison with previous investigations revealed that the average age at the first coitus showed a tendency to decrease in all three regions during the past 20-30 years. The difference in the age at the first coitus between a provincial town (Nykøbing Falster) and a city (Copenhagen) was present only in the case of women in the oldest age group (35-39 years) and a geographical levelling appears to have occurred in the younger age groups (20-24 years) concerning the age at commencement of sexual activity. Women in Greenland had significantly more partners than women in the two South Danish regions. In Godthåb, the prevalence of women with greater than or equal to 40 partners was thus 22.4% while the prevalences in Copenhagen and Nykøbing Falster were 3.5% and 0.3%, respectively. The prevalences of women with 0-1 partners were 1.7%, 10.7% and 20.4%, respectively in Godthåb, Copenhagen and Nykøbing Falster.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Risk for cancer of the urinary bladder among hairdressers in the Nordic countries.

Several studies have indicated an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder among hairdressers. In a Danish linkage between census data and cancer register data both male and female hairdressers have an elevated risk for bladder cancer. The risk for lung cancer is close to unity, indicating that occupational factors rather than smoking, may be responsible for the increased risk for bladder cancer among hairdressers. To evaluate this hypothesis we conducted a collaborative analysis of data from similar linkages in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The combination of high risk for bladder cancer and low or no risk for lung cancer was not found in the other Nordic countries; however, statistically significant increased risks for both bladder and lung cancer were found among male hairdressers in both Norway and Sweden. The relative risks for bladder cancer were of the same magnitude as the relative risks for lung cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Occupational exposures to styrene in Denmark 1955-88.

An assessment of the occupational exposure to styrene and associated chemicals in Denmark was carried out by retrieving all measurements from the archives of the Danish National Institute of Occupational Health. A total of 2,528 air samples containing styrene had been collected from 256 workplaces during the years 1955-88 and analyzed by the chemical laboratory at the Institute. The mean for all samples was 265 mg/m3. The concentration decreased from 714 mg/m3 in the early period (1955-70) to 172 mg/m3 in the late period (1981-88). Spraying and unspecified lay-up and production of boats, carriages, and stationary containers were associated with the highest concentration. A total of 34 chemicals were measured. The most frequent co-contaminant to styrene was acetone, which was measured in 2,263 samples with a mean concentration of 131 mg/m3. Dichloromethane was measured in 208 samples with a mean concentration of 51 mg/m3, xylene in 148 samples with a mean concentration of 49 mg/m3, and toluene in 116 samples with a mean concentration of 113 mg/m3. The study was undertaken to analyze historical styrene concentrations in air to aid in the selection of industrial cohorts to be included in epidemiologic studies.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors for cervical human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infections in Greenland and Denmark: a population-based study.

Risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11 and 16/18 and any HPV type as well as for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections were investigated in a population-based study of 1,600 randomly selected women (20-39 years) from Godthåb (native, Nuuk), Greenland, and Nykøbing Falster, Denmark. A total of 586 Greenlandic women and 661 Danish women were included, respectively. They all had a personal interview and a gynecologic examination with cervical smear and swab for HPV analysis (filter in situ hybridization). Moreover, a blood sample was obtained for analysis for HSV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In view of the general concept of HPV as a sexually transmitted virus, it is unexpected that women with "multiple" partners revealed a significantly lower risk for all types of HPV than did women with "few" partners, the odds ratio (OR) being 40-60% decreased in women with greater than or equal to 30 partners compared with women who had 0-4 sexual partners. In contrast, the risk for HSV-2 infection was significantly increased among women with early age at first sexual intercourse (OR = 2.9 for age less than or equal to 13 vs. 14-16 years) and multiple partners (OR = 2.6 for greater than or equal to 20 vs. 0-4 partners) (hereafter referred to as "high sexual activity" as well as with an increasing number of sexually active years with an unprotected cervix (i.e., without the use of barrier contraceptives) (OR = 2.0 for greater than or equal to 15 vs. 0-9 years). The results of this study thus demonstrate a surprising risk pattern for HPV types 6/11 and 16/18, but a pattern for HSV-2 in line with that to be expected for a sexually transmitted virus. This could indicate the existence of factors, especially in women with high sexual activity, which interfere with the expression of HPV or with the ability to detect it and/or that HPV may be transmitted by means other than sexual contact.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Laryngeal cancer in Denmark: a nationwide longitudinal study based on register linkage data.

To identify high and low risk groups for laryngeal cancer in Denmark, all individuals aged 30-74 in the 1970 census were followed up over 10 years. Census data were linked with the Central Population Register to identify persons who died or emigrated during the follow up, and with the Danish Cancer Register to identify cases of laryngeal cancer. Individuals were categorised according to sex, age, and sociodemographic characteristics as declared on the census forms. A multivariate analysis was carried out by means of multiplicative Poisson models. The study showed that the risk of laryngeal cancer was strongly related to sociodemographic factors. The risk for skilled workers living in Copenhagen (relative risk (RR) 4.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.61-6.28) was estimated to be almost five times higher than the risk for men self employed in agriculture and living in rural areas. The variation in the risk of laryngeal cancer is not fully explained by known variations in tobacco and alcohol consumption, and this study highlights additional risk factors particularly related to occupation and marital state.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The association between risk of breast cancer and age at first pregnancy and parity in Maribo County, Denmark.

The effect of age at first pregnancy and number of pregnancies was examined in a cohort of 14,421 women where reproductive informations were collected as part of a cervical cancer screening program. A total of 352 cases occurred in the cohort. In subgroups of women defined by age at first pregnancy the relative risk of breast cancer was lower among women who were first pregnant before 25 years of age (RR = 0.85 vs 1.20). In subgroups of women defined by parity the relative risk decreased with increasing number of pregnancies from about unity among women with 0-3 pregnancies to 0.7 among women with 6 or more pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Reporting of occupational cancer in Denmark.

Many patients with occupational diseases fail to obtain compensation because their disease is not recognized as occupational and reported to the authorities. The present study examined the reporting of pleural mesotheliomas and sinonasal adenocarcinomas--cancers with well-known associations with occupational exposures to asbestos and wood dust--in Denmark in 1983-1987. The estimated underreporting was around 50%. Examination of the medical records of patients who had not been reported in 1986-1987 revealed that in most cases the medical records did not contain sufficiently detailed information about occupational exposures. It was recommended that a formal screening interview be carried out whenever a diagnosis is made of a potential occupational cancer. Medical associations may play a major role by issuing guidelines addressing occupational diseases within the fields of their expertise.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Primary liver cancer among women in laundry and dry-cleaning work in Denmark.

Tetrachloroethylene has been the most commonly used solvent in dry cleaning in Denmark since the late 1950s. A cohort of laundry and dry-cleaning workers was identified from the Danish Occupational Cancer Register for the study of cancer incidence of persons exposed to tetrachloroethylene. The Register includes cancer incidence data for a 10-year period for 8567 women and 2033 men employed in laundry and dry-cleaning in 1970. A significant excess risk was found for primary liver cancer among the women, with 7 observed and 2.1 expected cases (standardized incidence ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4-7.0). No case of primary liver cancer was observed among the men, for whom the expected value was 1.1. The excess risk of primary liver cancer among the women is unlikely to be explained exclusively by excess alcohol consumption.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1990

Occupational groups potentially exposed to silica dust: a comparative analysis of cancer mortality and incidence based on the Nordic occupational mortality and cancer incidence registers.

We have analysed mortality and cancer incidence data available in census-based record-linkage studies from the Nordic countries for males in occupational groups with potential exposure to silica dust. The study showed an excess lung cancer risk for foundry workers in all the Nordic countries, and also for miners in Sweden. These results are consistent with the findings of previous in-depth epidemiological studies. The lung cancer risk did not differ significantly from that of the respective national populations for males working in glass, porcelain, ceramics and tile manufacture, in excavation, and in stone quarries, sand and gravel pits. Stone cutters, who are probably not exposed to known lung carcinogens at the workplace but in some places to high concentrations of silica dust, showed a significant excess lung cancer risk in both Finland and Denmark.

Adult↗