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E Lynge

Publications and source records attributed to E Lynge.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Occupational cancer in Denmark. Cancer incidence in the 1970 census population.

Data sources and creation of data files. The cohort of persons who were 20-64 years of age at the time of the 1970 census has been followed for cancer incidence for a ten-year period. The study was made by linkage of individual records from the 1970 census, the Central Population Register, death certificates, and cancer registrations. Data were included on individual characteristics recorded in the census on prevalent cancer cases at the time of the census and on deaths, emigrations, and incident cancer cases during the ten-year follow-up period. The study includes a total of 2.8 million persons, of whom 2.0 million were economically active at the time of the 1970 census. A total of 115,000 incident cancer cases were registered during the follow-up period, and 77,000 of these occurred in persons who were economically active in 1970. The classifications used in the census included 218 codes for occupation and 245 codes for industry. The Cancer Registry data included 639 codes for diagnosis. Cancer incidence by social groups in Denmark. The cancer incidence was tabulated across 32 socioeconomic groups for 43 cancer sites among the men and 45 cancer sites among the women. The study showed an almost twofold difference in the overall cancer incidence between the socioeconomic groups of the men. Self-employed farmers were at low risk (RR 0.68), and unskilled workers in shipping/fishing were at high risk (RR 1.28) when the cancer incidence among all economically active men was used for the comparison. The social pattern in cancer incidence correlated well with the pattern for cancer mortality among men. As a rough estimate, the cumulative incidence for all cancer among persons under 75 years of age could be reduced by 32% if all Danish men had the cancer incidence of farmers. There was a fivefold or larger difference between the socioeconomic groups in the incidence for nine cancer sites. These nine cancer sites together represented 7% of the cumulative incidence for all cancer. Estimated in a similar way, the cumulative incidence could be reduced by 44% if all Danish men had the site-specific cancer incidence of the respective low-risk groups. The overall cancer incidence among the women varied from a relative risk of 0.71 for unskilled workers in agriculture to a relative risk of 1.18 for self-employed women in other industries I (dentists, lawyers, etc) when the cancer incidence among all economically active women was used for the comparison.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cancer incidence among spouses of patients with colorectal cancer.

The risk of colorectal cancer was examined among spouses of approximately 10,000 colorectal cancer patients. A total of 8,095 spouses were identified, and cancer cases in this cohort were sought in the Danish Cancer Registry. No excess risk was found for colorectal cancer as such. The data were also analyzed by subsite of the large bowel for the index cases and for the spouses, respectively. The estimated relative risks were in general close to unity, the only exception being the risk of right-sided colon cancer among husbands of index cases with left-sided colon cancer, RR = 2.17 (p less than 0.05). The absence of excess risk was noted regardless of the duration of marriage. The risk of other cancers with a presumed etiology similar to that of colorectal cancer (cancer of the uterine corpus, breast, prostate and biliary tract) was also close to expected values.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for cervical cancer in Greenland and Denmark: a population-based cross-sectional study.

The incidence of cervical cancer in Greenlandic women aged 20-39 years is nearly 6 times higher than in Danish women of the same age. Possible determinants of cervical cancer incidence were investigated in a population-based cross-sectional study. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20-39 years was drawn at random. A total of 586 and 661 women were studied in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. All underwent a personal interview. In Greenland, 13% of the women reported first intercourse before the age of 14 in contrast to 3.5% in Denmark, and nearly 85% of the Greenlanders had their sexual debut before the end of the 16th year of age whereas this applied to only 45% of the Danish women. The prevalence of women with 0-1 lifetime sexual partner was 20.4% in Denmark, and only 1.7% in Greenland. In contrast, 53.2% of the Greenlandic women reported more than 20 partners and 22.4% more than 40 partners. The corresponding figures for Denmark were 3.6% and 0.3%, respectively. In Greenland the most common contraceptive method was the use of intra-uterine devices (73.6%), whereas, in Denmark, oral contraceptive use was most frequent (87.9%). Few Greenlanders had ever used "barrier" contraceptives (diaphragm: 1.4%; condom: 18.1%) compared to Denmark (diaphragm: 10.1%; condom: 53.9%). As many as 87.4% were current smokers in Greenland (Denmark: 53.6%) and 5.6% claimed to have never smoked, whereas this applied to 35.3% in Denmark. The indications of a higher sexual activity (multiple partners, early age at first intercourse) in Greenland compared to Denmark are in line with the observed higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases and with the hypothesis that differences in cervical cancer incidence between Greenland and Denmark are determined by aspects of sexual background.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of organized screening on incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Denmark.

Pap smears were used only on a limited scale in Denmark until the late 1960s. Since then smears have been taken both in organized screening programs and outside the programs by general practitioners, private gynecologists, and hospital wards. The present smear-taking activity is equivalent to an average of one smear every second year per woman. As the responsibility for health care rests with the counties in Denmark, differences are found between the counties both concerning organization of screening programs, and concerning the overall level of the smear-taking activity. An analysis using multiplicative Poisson models on county-based incidence and mortality data for women aged 30-59 years in 1963-1982 showed a statistically significant effect of organized screening in reducing both the incidence (RR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.61-0.73), and the mortality (RR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.59-0.78) of cervical cancer from 5 years after introduction of an organized screening program. The level of overall smear-taking activity was found to be of limited importance when organized screening was taken into account.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Incidence of cancer and mortality among employees in the asbestos cement industry in Denmark.

In a cohort study of the incidence of cancer and mortality among 7996 men and 584 women employed in the Danish asbestos cement industry between 1928 and 1984 over 99% were traced. Chrysotile asbestos was the only fibre type used until 1946, when amosite and (in 1952) crocidolite were also introduced. Chrysotile constituted 89%, amosite 10%, and crocidolite 1% of the asbestos used. During the first 25 years of manufacture the exposure levels were high, especially in areas where the asbestos was handled dry. Measurements from 1948 indicate that the fibre levels may have ranged from 100 to 1600 times over the present Danish threshold limit value of 0.5 fibre/ml. In 1973 more than 41% of personal samples were higher than 2 f/ml. About 76% of the workforce left the factory within five years of starting employment. A total of 1346 deaths and 612 cases of cancer were observed in the cohort between 1943 and 1984. Among employed men the overall mortality (O/E 1.18; 95% CI 1.12-1.25), cancer mortality (O/E 1.32; 95% CI 1.19-1.46), and overall incidence of cancer (O/E 1.22; 95% CI 1.12-1.32) were significantly increased compared with all Danish men. This was not so among employed women. For men, significant excess risks were found for cancer of the lung (O/E 1.80; 95% CI 1.54-2.10), pleura (O/E 5.46; 95% CI 2.62-10.05), mediastinum (O/E 5.00; 95% CI 1.01-14.61), stomach (O/E 1.43; 95% CI 1.03-1.93), and other male genital organs (O/E 3.03; 95% CI 1.11-6.60). The mortality was significantly increased for men for non-malignant pulmonary diseases (O/E 1.63; 95% CI 1.33-1.98). Among the group of asbestos cement workers with first employment 1928-40 an excess risk of laryngeal cancer was found (O/E 5.50;95% CI 1.77-12.82). A total of 12 cases of pleural and one of peritoneal mesotheliomas was observed when the original notification forms were reviewed for all patients with cancer in the cohort.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1989

Cancer incidence among Danish stone workers.

The lung cancer incidence of 2071 Danish stone workers was followed for a 42-year period. The expected numbers of cancer cases were based on the incidence rates for all Danish men after adjustment for region, and the data were analyzed separately for skilled and unskilled stone workers. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for lung cancer was 200 (44 observed, 22.0 expected) for all skilled stone workers, 808 (7 observed, 0.9 expected) for skilled sandstone cutters in Copenhagen, 119 (8 observed, 6.5 expected) for skilled granite cutters in Bornholm, 181 (24 observed, 13.2 expected) for all unskilled stone workers, 246 (17 observed, 6.9 expected) for unskilled workers in the road and building material industry, and 111 (7 observed, 6.3 expected) for unskilled workers in the stonecutting industry. Smoking was unlikely alone to explain the excess risk, and the available data on levels of exposure in the Danish stone industry point to a possible dose-response relationship between exposure to respirable silica dust and the incidence of lung cancer.

Denmark↗
PubMed1989

Exposure to silica dust in the Danish stone industry.

Exposure to silica dust among Danish stone workers was assessed from data collected in 1948-1980. After 1970, the exposure level was given in milligrams per cubic-meter and an exposure index (concentration of respirable dust divided by the threshold limit value for quartz) was calculated. The median index was 2.1 for the road and building material industry and 0.6 for the stonecutting industry. Crushing showed a median index of 2.6, compared to 1.0 for drilling, 0.9 for sieving, and 0.5 for cutting. The median index for the road and building material industry was higher for Bornholm than for other parts of Denmark. The median index of the stonecutting industry was 1.0 for Copenhagen and 0.5 for other parts of Denmark, and no data were available for Bornholm. Before 1970, the exposure level was given in particles per cubic meter, and few data were available on quartz content. Crushing showed the highest exposure before 1970.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and cervical cancer incidence in Greenland and Denmark. A population-based cross-sectional study.

In Greenland, the incidence of cervical cancer is 5.7 times higher than in Denmark among women aged 20-39. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20-39 years was drawn at random. A total of 586 and 661 women were investigated in Greenland and Denmark respectively. All women had a gynecological examination including a PAP-smear and cervical scrape for HPV-analysis (filter in situ hybridization). A blood sample was taken for analysis of HSV type-specific antibodies (ELISA). The percentage of normal smears was identical in the 2 areas (95%). The total HPV 16/18 infection rate was 13% in Denmark and 8.8% in Greenland, and the age-adjusted prevalence rate in Greenland was only 67% of that in Denmark (95% CI: 0.05-0.89). The proportion of HPV 6/11 positivity was the same in Greenland and in Denmark (6.7% vs. 7.5%). A significantly higher proportion of the Greenlandic women had HSV-2 antibodies (68.2%) in comparison with Danish women (30.9%) (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of HSV-1 was also higher in Greenland, especially in women aged 20 to 24. Our finding of a higher HPV infection rate in Denmark than in Greenland, opposed to cervical cancer rates, does not support a role for these viruses as determinants of cervical cancer incidence. In contrast, the rate of HSV-2 infection co-varies with the observed incidence of cervical cancer. This is in line with the notion that differences in cervical cancer incidence between Denmark and Greenland are determined by aspects of sexual behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Use of surveillance systems for occupational cancer: data from the Danish National system.

In Denmark the 1970-census population has been followed up for deaths, emigrations, and cancer cases during the ten-year period 1970-80. The linked register allows tabulation of cancer incidence by occupation, however no information is available on specific exposures. It is therefore an indication of the validity of the register that classic associations known from in-depth epidemiological studies are found also in the register. Examples are cancer of the lip in farmers, RR = 1.85, and fishermen, RR = 3.17; and cancer of the nasal cavities and sinuses in skilled furniture makers, RR = 12.25. The register may serve as a library for further elucidation of newly reported associations. Examples, of such associations confirmed in the Danish data, are an excess risk of colon cancer among males with sedentary work, RR = 1.38; and an excess risk of bladder cancer in hairdressers, RR = 2.05. An unconfirmed example is an excess risk of malignant melanoma in the printing industry, where the Danish data show an RR of 0.95. A systematic tabulation of each cancer diagnosis across detailed occupational groups may lead to identification of previously unknown associations. This procedure is illustrated using cancer of the pharynx as an example. Painters were identified as having an excess risk of pharyngeal cancer (RR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.1-4.2).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High and low risk groups for cancer of colon and rectum in Denmark: multiplicative Poisson models applied to register linkage data.

Multiplicative Poisson models were used to identify subgroups of the Danish population at high and low risk of developing cancer of the right or left side of the colon, and cancer of the rectum. The analysis was based on cross-linked data from the 1970 census and the Danish Cancer Registry, where a 10-year follow-up period yielded some 20,000 colo-rectal cancers, in approximately 2.5 million persons. The risk of cancer of the right side of the colon in longer educated men living in apartment houses was almost twice as high as in farmers living in single family houses (relative risk 1.84; 95% confidence interval 1.42-2.37). A two-fold ratio (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.70-2.62) was also seen in the risk of cancer of the left side of the colon between men with longer education in Greater Copenhagen and farmers in Jutland. The annual number of colon cancer cases in men in Denmark could be reduced by 27% if the incidence for all men was equal to that found for the low risk group of farmers.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of the upper respiratory and digestive tract cancers and consumption of alcohol and tobacco in Denmark.

To study the incidence of upper respiratory and digestive tract cancer in Denmark in relation to changes in tobacco and alcohol consumption, the incidence trends are compared to the figures for average annual consumption during the period 1943-1982. The comparison is made using relative risk estimates available from previous investigations. From the available data on alcohol and tobacco consumption, an attempt is also made to predict the future incidence trends of these cancers. Since no data on the distribution of smoking versus drinking by sex and age are available from Denmark over the study period, two hypotheses are used. It is shown that the predicted incidence is strongly dependent on the distribution of smoking and drinking, and that the existence of a group with heavy consumption of tobacco and alcohol could be responsible for very high incidences of these cancers in the near future in Denmark.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The evaluation of trends in soft tissue sarcoma according to diagnostic criteria and consumption of phenoxy herbicides.

The possible association between exposure to phenoxy herbicides and development of soft tissue sarcomas has been studied in both case-control and cohort studies. In these studies soft tissue sarcoma cases have been identified from either deaths with malignant neoplasms of the connective tissue (ICD-8 171) as the underlying cause of death, from incident cancer cases with the same topography code, or from incident cases of extraskeletal sarcomas, excluding lympho and reticulosarcomas. The current study shows that the choice of source material has a considerable influence on the registered occurrence of soft tissue sarcomas in a well defined population. In 1978 to 1982 an annual number of 33 deaths from ICD-8 171 was registered in Denmark, whereas the annual number of diagnosed extraskeletal sarcomas was 231. The distribution over histologic types differed between tumours coded to the connective tissue and extraskeletal sarcomas coded to specific organs. Furthermore, during the period 1943 to 1982 the mortality from ICD-8 171 increased slightly, whereas the incidence from all extraskeletal sarcomas decreased slightly, except for males since 1970. Time trends based on any of the three source materials should, however, be interpreted with caution.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗