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Biomedical subjects

E M Shelukhina

Publications and source records attributed to E M Shelukhina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Expert research on sera yielding false-positive results for HIV antibodies during screening].

The significance of different serological methods and assay systems for the verification of false positive cases of HIV infection has been analyzed on the basis of materials obtained in arbitration studies. As demonstrated by this analysis, the use of such highly specific and sensitive systems as Huma-Lab, Enzygnost, Serodia and Erythrorecombinant has made it possible to obtain a reliable result as early as at the first stage of expert diagnosis in the enzyme immunoassay and the agglutination test. The methods of radioimmunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence have permitted a more precise differentiation of doubtful results than that achieved by immune blotting.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

[The development and use of an immunoenzyme test system for detecting and the species identification of the monkey pox virus].

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system for the species-specific diagnosis of monkeypox, based on the use of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to monkeypox virus, has been developed. Immunoglobulins, isolated from McAb-containing cultural and immune ascitic fluids, have been conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase and used as detector antibodies. For immunosorption, rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the vaccine virus have been used. The specificity and sensitivity of the EIA system thus obtained have been tested on animals and humans having monkeypox and confirmed by traditional diagnostic methods (the isolation of the virus on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes and in cell culture).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[3 cases of viral carriage detected during screening for HIV antibodies].

The results of screening more than 23,000 serum samples from persons belonging to risk groups, as well as those not belonging to such groups, in Moscow, Vilnius and Klaipeda are presented. Screening was carried out with the use of an assay system manufactured by the Scientific and Industrial Amalgamation "Antigen" (USSR). In this screening 3 HIV carriers were detected; of these, 2 were foreign students from two African countries.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Smallpox diagnosed 400 years later: results of skin lesions examination of 16th century Italian mummy.

Results are presented on virological examination conducted on WHO request of a Naples infant mummy with smallpox-like lesions. Electron microscopy of lesions confirmed the findings of Italian researchers: well-preserved virus-like structures, whose size and morphology were identical to those of orthopoxviruses have been revealed. It was shown that the virus in mummy skin had lost its viability. Viral antigenic activity could not be detected in EIA or RPHA, nor was determined its DNA in the test of DNA molecular hybridization.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Monkey pox in humans: current results.

The presented studies were performed at the WHO Collaboration Center for Smallpox in Moscow in the framework of the WHO monkey pox project. The authors recommend improved methods for rapid detection of orthopoxvirus antigen, namely passive haemagglutination (PHA) using dried stable red blood cells and ELISA in order to provide more rapid and efficient laboratory diagnosis under field conditions. Independent serologic diagnosis of monkey pox by ELISA-adsorption (ELISA-A) was proved of value for epidemiological studies and for detection of inapparent infections. The application range of the latter technique and its limitations were also determined.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Monoclonal antibodies to monkey pox virus: preparation and application.

Two fusion experiments with NSO myeloma cells yielded 30 hybrid cell lines which continuously and actively secreted monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to monkey pox virus. Eight lines appeared to produce antibodies to specific antigenic determinants. The isotype and serologic reactivity of MoAb to monkey pox virus was characterized and the karyotype of several hybridomas determined. An enzyme labelled conjugate has been prepared from MoAb selectively reacting with monkey pox virus. This conjugate allowed the identification of monkey pox virus in the materials from patients. It also helped to determine that an orthopoxvirus isolated from wild squirrel in the Republic of Zaire was monkey pox virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clustered cases of paravaccinia in milkers.

Clustered cases of a disease in men and cows firstly diagnosed as cowpox has been described. Clinical manifestation, epidemiology and laboratory diagnostics are presented. Virological and serological investigations of the specimens taken from sick persons and animals proved paravaccinia virus (genus Parapoxvirus) to be etiological agent of the illness. Cowpox virus (genus Orthopoxvirus) greatly differs from the latter by phenotypical markers. The disease in humans is called Milkers' modules, in cows--pseudocowpox. The disease is mostly benign and this is a reason why it does not attract sufficient attention of health personnel. Nevertheless this infection can cause a certain economical loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

New outlook on the biology of cowpox virus.

Analysis of cowpox outbreaks revealed an extremely wide range of virus pathogenicity including 9 orders of mammals. Recent serological and virological data support the hypothesis that wild rodents may be a natural reservoir of cowpox virus. Cowpox infection of humans occurring without any contact with infected cattle (registered in the U. K. and Poland) is especially interesting for medical and veterinary virology. Surveillance seems justified of the possible virus dissemination beyond its natural reservoir resulting in further infection of man and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Cowpox in man].

Two cases of human infection caused by vaccinia virus were recorded in the Rzeszów province (Poland), this infection being absent both in this province and in the whole country for many years. The diagnosis was based on the investigation of isolated samples (from one female patient) and the identification of the causative agent by its biological properties and the results of the analysis of its genome, made with the use of restrictases, as well as on the results of the serological investigation. Of the two female patients, one suffered from a prolonged and severe infection in her eye, the other had a lesion on the backside of her hand. Apart from local lesions, systemic phenomena (fever, malaise, headache) were observed in both patients. The authors state that, most likely, rodents were the source of infection in these two cases. This is confirmed by the fact that wild rodents (rats, mice) caught in the focus of infection show the presence of antibodies to orthopoxviruses.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Data from the serological examination of the population of the Republic of Congo for the presence of antibodies to orthopoxviruses. I. A comparative evaluation of different study methods and general results].

The selective survey of the population of the Republic of Congo for the presence of antibodies to orthopoxviruses has been carried out with the use of the neutralization test, the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test and the ELISA. Despite a prolonged period (15 years) elapsed since the transmission of natural smallpox stopped in this country and despite the almost complete cessation of immunization against this infection since 1977, antibodies to orthopoxviruses can be detected in a considerable proportion of the population: 29%. This percentage grows as older age groups are examined, reaching 90.6% in the age groups of 16 years and over. Antibodies to orthopoxviruses have also been detected in children under 5 years of age, born after the eradication of smallpox and having no vaccination scars. The possible causes of this phenomenon are discussed. The comparison of the results obtained with the use of different tests has confirmed high sensitivity of ELISA. The HAI test is less sensitive, but this is compensated by its simplicity and its easy use for screening procedures. Besides, the positive results of this test indicate that the corresponding sera contain sufficiently high titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies detected by means of ELISA, which is of importance for their subsequent interspecific differentiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Monkeypox virus as a source of whitepox viruses.

Monkeypox virus cloning and isolation of the so-called 'white' clones from white pocks which this virus forms on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were carried out. The isolated clones were stable and differed considerably from the parental strain. By their properties, they were identical to whitepox viruses formerly isolated from wildlife monkeys and rodents in Equatorial Africa. Besides stable 'white' clones, a number of virus cultures in the process of cloning were obtained which differed in quantitative content of virions, forming on CAM white pocks and pocks with hemorrhages. It appeared that the properties of the viral population as a whole (reaction type on rabbit skin, hemagglutination activity, etc.) depended on the rate of virions produced with different characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Variola virus strains of 1960--1975: the range of intraspecies variability and relationship between properties and geographic origin.

A comparative study of 61 variola virus strains recovered from patients in various geographic regions of the world revealed significant intraspecies variability in some biological properties, established the range of this variability and demonstrated the existence of strains with atypical properties. There was a certain correlation between some laboratory markers of variola virus and the degree of its pathogenicity for man. The prevalence of more virulent and thermoresistant strains in the Hindustan subcontinent and the peculiarity and heterogeneity of the strains circulating in Africa were demonstrated. Alastrim virus was detected among the African isolates.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

Identification and study of a poxvirus isolated from wild rodents in Turkmenia.

A new poxvirus was isolated in 1974 from the kidney of a wild big gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) caught in Turkmenia, where these gerbils are wide-spread. The virus resembles cowpox virus and is markedly different from the virus of infectious ectromelia, the best-known poxvirus of rodents. The new virus is apparently identical to other poxvirus isolates made from white rats and Felidae in the Moscow Zoo. Experimental inoculation of the natural hosts--big gerbils and yellow susliks (Citellus fulvus)--produced a severe infection with a high mortality rate. Trnasmission of virus to uninoculated cage mates was shown to occur. Virus persisted in convalescent animals and was present in urine 3 weeks after inoculation and in kidney and testis for at least 5 weeks after inoculation. The role of rodents as natural hosts of poxviruses is discussed.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1978

Pox infection in white rats.

2 pox outbreaks among white rats in a breeding colony are described. The infection occurred in 3 different forms: pulmonary, dermal and mixed. Apparently healthy animals appeared to be virus carriers. The virus isolated belonged to the genus Orthopoxvirus of Poxviridae family, and was very close to cowpox virus. It differed from reference strains of cowpox virus in having a lower ceiling temperature and a higher pathogenicity for white rats.

Animals↗