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Biomedical subjects

E M Waring

Publications and source records attributed to E M Waring.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Family therapy and schizophrenia: recent developments.

A review of recent studies of family interaction as a causal factor in the development of schizophrenia suggests a paucity of evidence supporting this point of view. However, research has suggested family variables may influence the course and outcome of schizophrenia. The impact of schizophrenia on the family has recently received more attention. Some research has identified differences between families of schizophrenics and the families of other diagnostic groups and controls. Whether these studies are beginning to influence the theory and practice of family therapy is discussed. Recent studies suggest the combination of long-acting medication and 'psychosocial' interventions may reduce the relapse rate of schizophrenia in the short term. This research suggests that family therapists must re-evaluate their role in the management of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Interviewing skills in relation to psychiatric residency.

A review of the literature suggests that the teaching of interviewing skills in psychiatry residency programs has been largely ignored. The consequences of poor interviewing, the characteristics of good interviewing, and what is known about effective training techniques for the mastery of clinical interviewing are reviewed. The relevance of psychiatric training is discussed. Issues which warrant further research are presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Types of marital intimacy and prevalence of emotional illness.

Epidemiological research has demonstrated that married individuals generally experience better emotional health than the single, divorced and widowed. The married populations in these studies were not evaluated on the basis of the quality of their marital relationships. Research on the interpersonal quality of marital relationships in the general married population has rarely been reported in the psychiatric literature. A sample of the general married population (n = 250 couples) completed a self-report questionnaire which measures the quality and the quantity of intimacy in marriage. Four types of marital patterns were operationally defined by total intimacy score, pattern of scale profile, and social desirability scores. The relative frequencies of these types of marriages are reported. The prevalence of symptoms of non-psychotic emotional illness in one or both spouses in the four categories of marriage is reported. Thirty-one percent (31%) of the couples report marriages with absent and/or deficient intimacy. Couples with "absent and/or deficient" marital intimacy had a significantly higher proportion of spouses with symptoms of non-psychotic emotional illness. This study suggests that previous research may have confounded the variables of marital status and marital quality in the study of psychiatric disorder. These studies may have under-estimated the positive effect of an "optimally" intimate relationship.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Sex and marital intimacy.

The quality of sex and marital intimacy may be related to each other in ways which are not clearly understood. Some theorists have suggested that they vary positively with each other. Others have suggested an independent relationship. Two hundred and fifty couples in the community completed the Waring Intimacy Questionnaire (WIQ). Included in the WIQ is a qualitative assessment of sexual communication and fulfillment in the marriage. Weak positive correlations between sex and total intimacy were found for both husbands (r = .41) and wives (r = .39). A principal components factor analysis revealed separate factor structures for husbands' and wives' data. For the women, a single factor (intimacy) included strong loadings from all facets of intimacy defined. Their degree of sexual fulfillment was included in this factor. For husbands, on the other hand, a second factor (sexuality) accounted for 12.7% of the variance. These results suggest that discrepancies between previous studies may be a function of clinical populations being investigated, or an effect of averaging husbands' and wives' data. The results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.

Communication↗
PubMed1984

Self-disclosure patterns in clinical and nonclinical couples.

Examined differences in the self-disclosing patterns of 10 clinical and 10 nonclinical couples in a structured interview using the Self-Disclosure Coding System (SDCS), a behavioral content analysis system designed to assess the basic parameters of disclosing behavior. A discriminant function analysis revealed that two SDCS variables, (1) time spent talking; and (2) judged degree of congruence between verbal content and affective manner of presentation, could discriminate the two groups and would classify correctly 70% of the couples. These results suggest that it is not what clinical couples say, but how they say it that will distinguish them from nonclinical couples.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Self-disclosure and its relationship to marital intimacy.

Examined the relationship between marital intimacy and self-disclosure from a multidimensional framework within a sample of 10 clinical and 10 nonclinical married couples. The linear combination of various parameters of self-disclosing behavior was able to account for 71.7% (R = .853) of the variance in intimacy ratings derived from a structured interview. Results are discussed in terms of both the role that self-disclosure plays in the development of marital intimacy and its therapeutic benefits and limitations in marital therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The quality and quantity of marital intimacy in the marriages of psychiatric patients.

Lack of intimacy in the marital relationship is hypothesized to be associated with the presence of symptoms of nonpsychotic emotional illness in one or both spouses. The development of the Waring Intimacy Questionnaire (WIQ) has furthered the understanding of the relationship between intimacy and illness. A clinical sample (n = 184) was compared to a nonclinical sample (n = 188) on both the quality and quantity of intimacy. The clinical sample reports significantly lower intimacy [F (1, 370) = 37.5, p less than .001] and is deficient on almost all aspects of intimacy described, except sexuality. The results suggest that the WIQ is a useful assessment tool which may identify marital relationships that are not close, marital assessment may be useful in formulating a comprehensive treatment plan, and the sexual quality of marriage may operate independently of marital intimacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Marital intimacy and depression.

Recent research has suggested that the absence of an intimate, confiding relationship may be a vulnerability factor in the development of depression in women living under adverse circumstances. This study demonstrates a significant association between severity of depression and deficiencies of marital intimacy; depressed patients with the lowest levels of marital intimacy failed to improve at one month follow-up, while 36% of the spouses of the depressed patients had symptoms of non-psychotic emotional illness. The depressed patients and their spouses' perception of their marital intimacy differ, but these differences appear not to be solely related to the spouse's depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The measurement of intimacy in marriage: the Waring Intimacy Questionnaire.

Developed eight independent content scales to assess components of marital intimacy (Conflict Resolution, Affection, Cohesion, Sexuality, Identity, Compatibility, Autonomy, and Expressiveness). The measures were designed to be relatively free from social desirability and acquiescent responding (N = 248). Test retest and internal consistency reliabilities were high and sexual bias was not indicated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Marital intimacy and self-disclosure.

Examined the relationship between the qualitative aspects of marital intimacy among 20 couples and a quantitative, microanalysis of their self-disclosing behavior. Two interview segments and their combination were scored for the basic parameters of self-disclosure using the Self-Disclosure Coding System (SDCS). These scores served as predictor variables for each of 12 intimacy dimensions derived from the standardized, structured Victoria Hospital Intimacy Interview in stepwise multiple regression analyses. The resulting multiple Rs ranged from .357 for Sexuality in segment I to .853 for Identity in segment II. Analysis of the couples' self-disclosures across segments I and II yielded multiple Rs from .446 to .850, with the intimacy dimensions of Expressiveness, Compatibility, Behavior, and Identity the highest correlates. These results suggest that although self-disclosure and intimacy are not synonymous, self-disclosing behavior is a major determinant of various aspects of marital intimacy and accounts for more than 50% of the variance in at least four dimensions. Explanations for these findings and their clinical relevance are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Marriage and non-psychotic emotional illness.

Study of social bonds suggest a causative role for their deficiency in the oetiology of non-psychotic emotional illness. The literature suggests that marital maladjustment is associated with certain neurotic and psychophysiological disorders; martial maladjustment is one type of deficient social bond which may influence symptom selection and perpetuation in non-psychotic emotional illness. Specific types of marital maladjustment, including lack of marital intimacy, are described as both vulnerability factors and perpetuating variables in specific non-psychotic emotional illnesses.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Marital intimacy and medical practice.

Recent studies of marriage focusing on the development of marital intimacy and its role in the family as it influences emotional and physical health are reviewed. Marital pathology is increasingly presented in diverse and often covert ways to almost all physicians. Specific suggestions for the detection of marital discord in medical practice and its management will be presented.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1981

Depression and sickle cell anemia.

Very few reports of depression occurring with sickle cell anemia have been documented. We have reported three cases of depression in patients with sickle cell anemia that were referred over a relatively brief period, and that were successfully treated with antidepressant medication and family therapy. We examined possible mechanisms of depression, and concluded that depression may accompany sickle cell anemia more commonly than previously suspected.

Adult↗