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Biomedical subjects

E M Waring

Publications and source records attributed to E M Waring.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Personality, interests, and emotional disturbance in psychiatric residents.

To determine the personality and attitudinal characteristics of emotionally disturbed psychiatric residents and their short-term adjustment the authors conducted a series of psychological tests with physicians entering two psychiatric residency programs. Seventy residents completed the test battery, which included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the MMPI, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. About 9% of the sample scored as cases on the GHQ, having nonpsychotic emotional illness, and a further 5% scored as likely cases. These physicians had significantly higher neuroticism scores and MMPI depression, social isolation, schizophrenia, psychasthenia, and hypochondriasis scores. Their interests were less like those of other physicians or psychiatrists and more like those of bankers and office workers.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1981

Intimacy and emotional illness in the general population.

Ninety married couples in the general population received a structured interview to assess their level of intimacy. The couples also completed self-report questionnaires to assess non-psychotic emotional illness and marital adjustment. High levels of intimacy were associated with martial adjustment. Low ratings of marital intimacy were significantly associated with non-psychotic emotional illness and psychiatric help-seeking. These findings are discussed in relationship to recent studies which explore the role of lack of marital intimacy as a vulnerability factor in the development of non-psychotic emotional illness. Implications for treatment of non-psychotic emotional illness in married individuals is briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Family structure, marital adjustment, and intimacy in patients referred to a consultation-liaison service.

Patients with chronic physical symptoms of obscure etiology who are referred to a psychiatric consultation service demonstrated characteristic differences in their marital adjustment and family structure when compared with nonpatient controls. Although marital adjustment, as perceived by patient and spouse, was similar to that of nonpatient couples and an absence of overt conflict was demonstrated, the marriages of patients were characterized by specific incompatibilities in intimacy, socializing, and initiative. The family structure also demonstrated a preoccupation with relationships within the family, with resultant isolation from extrafamilial social contacts, and a lack of problem solving ability. The study suggests that the level of intimacy in a marriage may be a predisposing vulnerability risk factor and an influence on illness behavior, or a perpetuating factor in the sick role assumed by at least some hospitalized patients. Finally, the study suggests that marital assessment may have value in the evaluation of patients with chronic physical complaints of obscure etiology.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Cognitive family therapy.

Cognitive family therapy is a new short-term psychotherapy which facilitates self-disclosure. The paper defines self-disclosure and differentiates cognitive self-disclosure from self-exposure and emotional self-disclosure. The relationship of cognitive self-disclosure in facilitating marital intimacy is developed. A case history is presented which describes the therapeutic process and suggests possible future research to understand what constitutes the specific change process in Cognitive family therapy. Data from an uncontrolled outcome study involving eleven families is discussed. Results from objective self-report tests given prior to treatment and at follow-up are examined, with the outcome suggesting that cognitive family therapy merits further evaluation.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1980

Concepts of intimacy in the general population.

A random sample of 50 adults in the general population received an open ended interview regarding their concepts of intimacy. A second random sample of 24 couples from the general population and 24 clinical couples received a standardized interview in which concepts of intimacy were systematically rated to develop an operational definition of the dimensions of intimacy. Self-disclosure was identified as a fundamental aspect of intimacy in interpersonal relationships and marriage. Expression of affection, compatibility, cohesion, identity, and the ability to resolve conflict were also considered important aspects of intimacy. Sexual satisfaction was considered less important than previous definitions of intimacy have suggested. The perception of his or her parents' level of intimacy was thought to influence the subject's own interpersonal relationships. Couples with marital maladjustment and/or psychiatric illness were less aware of aspects of their marriage which influence intimacy. They more frequently disagreed that sexuality influenced their level of intimacy. The study suggests that self-disclosure and parental interpersonal intimacy may be fundamental factors in marital adjustment which merit further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Life events, psychiatric screening, and psychosomatic illness.

The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Schedule of Recent Events (SRE) were administered to a consecutive series of referrals to a general hospital psychiatric consultation service. Control groups of psychiatric and medical inpatients matched for age and sex were also evaluated. Significantly greater life change was found in the consultation group as compared to the medical controls, providing further support for the cluster theory of illness. The General Health Questionnaire was found to be an effective screening instrument for nonpsychotic emotional illness in a general hospital inpatient setting. A significant positive correlation between the GHQ scores and the SRE scores suggests a relationship which merits further study in the epidemiology of psychosomatic illness. The implications of the significant correlation of physical and emotional illness to clinical medical practice is briefly discussed.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1980

Psychiatric illness in the elderly.

Most of the elderly with psychiatric disorders are unknown to mental health facilities and untreated by psychiatrists. Many of this population may be under the care of family physicians. Psychiatric illness in the elderly patient often goes unrecognized. Physicians' attitude and training create the possibility that treatable illnesses are misdiagnosed as irreversible dementia. A more optimistic approach to the treatment and prognosis of mental disorders in the aged is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Family therapy and schizophrenia.

The early concepts of family influences in the development of schizophrenic illness have been reviewed. The empirical research which these concepts generated has failed in large measure to confirm many of these hypotheses, but has demonstrated reliable and valid differences between families of schizophrenics and those of patient and non-patient controls. However, these empirical findings have had little impact to date on family therapy as it is practised, and the failure to confirm theoretical concepts from psychoanalysis, systems, and communication theories has not led to a re-examination of family therapy and its theoretical basis. The author suggests that the empirical research on family influences in schizophrenia and particularly those factors which precipitate and perpetuate schizophrenic symptomatology can be applied to evaluation of schizophrenics and their families, specific family therapy with families of schizophrenics, and particularly suggest that evaluative research on the effectiveness of family therapy in schizophrenia will be necessary for family therapy to become more than a highly fascinating and experimental technique in the total management of schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A preventative approach to emotional illness in psychiatric residents.

Emotional illness in psychiatric residents and its relationship to psychiatric postgraduate training is examined. First, the pertinent literature is reviewed. Psychological and social factors which predispose, precipitate, and perpetuate these emotional disturbances are discussed. The significance of emotional illness in psychiatric residents to the teaching and learning of psychiatry and to the psychiatric profession is clarified. Second, the currently unresolved dilemma of the psychiatric resident "Teach or Treat?" is presented. It is the author's contention that by redefining "treatment" in terms of the goals and philosophy of public health this dilemma can be resolved to the satisfaction of resident, faculty, and the psychiatric profession.

Affective Symptoms↗