PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Müller

Publications and source records attributed to E Müller.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Magnetic resonance angiography: physical principles and clinical applications].

Within the last four years magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) developed very rapidly towards a well accepted screening technique for vascular examinations as a fast add on to conventional MR. This review describes the basic physical principles as well as the different methods like time-of-flight and phase-sensitive MRA for visualization of blood vessels. Different applications of 3D, 2D sequential and 3D multi-volume MRA are shown from various regions of the head and body. A short outlook to quantitative flow measurements is given in the last chapter including some interesting applications of these techniques which show the still expanding potential of magnetic resonance.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1992

[Symptoms and course of a parakeratosis outbreak in a boar raising facility].

A case of parakeratosis in pigs due to secondary zinc deficiency (zinc/calcium ratio 0.4 g/100 g; 68.7 mg zinc, 17.1 g calcium per kg food) is reported. Morbidity and symptoms were much more marked in growing boars than in female animals of the same age. In sows the disorder appeared ten days after the first symptoms were seen in the boars. Adult breeding pigs developed no signs of parakeratosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome].

A case report on a 6-year-old boy suffering from the extremely rare Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (progeria) is presented. The results of histopathological and immunohistological examination of the scar-like skin lesions are reported. Subcutaneous amorphous nodules were eosinophilic, PAS- und elastica-negative und remained unstained with antibodies against collagen type IV, vimentin, and collagenase. The dense perivascular infiltration consisted of CD4+, CD8-, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin-, MAC 387-, and some vimentin-positive cells. Perinodular blood vessels were more abundant and had a thickened wall. Collagen bundles were swollen. The epidermis appeared atrophic with focal basal cell degeneration.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Cryosurgery of lentigo maligna.

Lentigo maligna denotes flat, pigmented lesions predominantly in areas of actinic damage that have the propensity to become malignant. More than 10 years may pass before lentigo maligna evolves into an invasive neoplasma. As an invasive process, it is termed lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), and it has the potential for both lymphatic and hematogenic metastases. Because of the size and location of the lesions, cosmetically unsatisfactory scars may result from conventional surgery. Therefore, alternative means of treatment, including cryosurgery, have been employed. We report on 12 patients suffering from lentigo maligna who had been treated successfully by cryosurgery between 1984 and 1990. The average follow-up period was 51.4 months, and the recurrence rate was 8.3 percent. Knowing that microinvasive components can be demonstrated in 15 percent of lentigo maligna lesions, we retrospectively reassessed our patients by immunohistochemical procedures with S-100 protein. Although intradermal microinvasion could be confirmed in one patient, no recurrence had been observed within 61 months of follow-up. Provided that patients are selected properly and extension of cryonecrosis is monitored, cryosurgery may prove an efficient alternative to conventional surgery in the treatment of lentigo maligna.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Use of multi-frequency oscillation method in the respiratory mechanics perimeter diagnosis].

Oscillatory resistance Rrs and reactance Xrs curves were measured in the frequency range 4-25 Hz at FRC-level and at the course of vital capacity manoeuvres. The 55 subjects investigated were separated into the three groups healthy subjects and patients with restrictive and obstructive lung diseases by means of the parameters airway resistance Raw and lung compliance CL estimated by body-plethysmography and esophageal pressure technique, respectively. In accordance with the Raw- and CL-values in each group the parameters Rrs and Xrs demonstrate at FRC-level a different frequency dependent behaviour. An enhancement of Raw in patients with COLD causes a drop of Rrs(f) and a displacement of the whole Xrs-curve into the negative direction. Conversely, the reduction of CL in patients with fibrosis leads to a significant decrease of Xrs-values at lower frequencies without marked changes in the Rrs-curves. An additional enhancement of Raw and a further reduction of CL can be induced by decrease and increase of lung volume VL in comparison with the FRC-level. These alterations can be detected also in the frequency dependent shape of the Rrs- and Xrs-curves. Because of this inverse influence of VL on Raw and CL the diagnostic differentiation between patients with mild obstructive and restrictive lung diseases can be improved by a simultaneous evaluation of the volume and frequency dependence of oscillatory parameters.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1992

Progress in veno-venous long-term bypass techniques for the treatment of ARDS. Controlled clinical trial with the heparin-coated bypass circuit.

Extracorporeal CO2 removal combined with low-frequency positive pressure ventilation (ECCO2-R LFPPV) is a new therapeutic approach in treatment of ARDS. The main problem during long-term extracorporeal support is anticoagulation and related bleeding problems. We conducted a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial in 18 patients to compare the effect of the non-heparin-coated (Scimed = group 1) with the heparin-coated (Carmeda = group 2) extracorporeal circuit on clinical course and complication rate. In group 2 the daily blood loss, the amount of substituted red cells and the i.v. heparin dose were significantly lower than in group 1. Bleeding complications were less and more patients survived in group 2. The disadvantage of the hollow fiber oxygenators in the heparin-coated system was plasma leakage, which was more frequent in patients with pancreatitis and hyperbilirubinemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Routine bone marrow punctures during remission of acute myelogenous leukemia.

To determine whether serial examinations of the peripheral blood can replace regular bone marrow punctures in the diagnosis of a relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the peripheral blood of 40 AML patients in remission undergoing regular bone marrow punctures was studied. Within three months prior to bone marrow examination proving relapse in 97% of the relapses, at least one of the following values of the peripheral blood was pathological: blasts (84%), neutrophil granulocytes (72%), thrombocytes (64%), and hemoglobin (58%). The simultaneous appearance of abnormalities in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow occurs in such high incidence that routine bone marrow punctures are rendered obsolete in the follow-up of AML patients. Needless pain and anxiety can therefore be avoided for many AML patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human PAF receptor gene expression: induction during HL-60 cell differentiation.

Platelet-activating factor is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation and immune regulation. Its numerous biological activities are mediated through specific receptors on the plasma membranes of responsive cells. The expression of such receptors may be modulated by various agents, including those responsible for cell differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 by 1 alpha,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 towards the macrophage phenotype is associated with induction of PAF receptor gene expression: PAF receptor mRNA accumulation correlates with the induction and development of specific PAF responsiveness as assayed by [Ca2+]i fluxes. Our studies suggest that PAF responsiveness parallels macrophage differentiation and that PAF receptor expression can be regulated at the transcriptional level.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1991

Purification and characterization of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase from human erythrocyte membranes.

Two species of PtdIns 4-kinase with molecular masses of 50 kDa and 45 kDa were detected in human erythrocyte membranes using SDS/PAGE. These enzymes were purified to near homogeneity and found to display very similar enzymatic characteristics. The purification scheme consisted of solubilization from erythrocyte membranes in the presence of Triton X-100, followed by Cibacron-blue-Sephadex, phosphocellulose and Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography. The final step in the purification protocol was preparative SDS/PAGE, followed by electroelution and renaturation of the enzyme. This procedure afforded an about 4000-fold purification of the enzyme from erythrocyte membranes. Characterization of the [32P]PtdInsP products formed by the purified PtdIns kinases indicated that these enzymes specifically phosphorylated the D-4 position of the inositol ring. The Km values of both PtdIns 4-kinase species for PtdIns and ATP were found to be 0.2 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively. The enzymes are both activated by Mg2+, and inhibited by Ca2+ and by adenosine. The potential importance of these effectors for the regulation of PtdIns phosphorylation in cells is discussed.

1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase↗
PubMed1991

Surgery for nesidioblastosis--indications, treatment and results.

Nesidioblastosis is a life-threatening form of hypoglycemia that starts during the neonatal period in most cases and is caused by hyperinsulinism. Its diagnostic criteria are an extremely high demand for carbohydrates (more than 15 g/kg/day), an inadequately high plasma insulin level, and an inhibited production of ketone bodies. This acute, life-threatening hypoglycemia requires immediate intensive-care treatment. The most important aim of continuous therapy is the prevention of irreversible brain damage. This cannot be reliably avoided by conservative treatment (increased carbohydrate supply, diazoxide administration). Therefore, surgical treatment consisting in subtotal pancreatectomy is becoming increasingly important. The reduction of hormone-producing tissue resolves hyperinsulinism and apparently enables the onset of physiological regulatory mechanisms. Surgical strategy and results in 12 children who underwent surgery for nesidioblastosis are described.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A linkage study in a large family by using 12 probes of the pericentromeric region.

Linkage analysis was performed on 41 subjects belonging to a large family with a recurrence of X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX), by using 12 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers mapping in p11-q13. The results are in agreement with previous linkage data. Three new markers that are potentially useful for genetic analysis of CMTX families are described. A more precise estimate of the localization of the disease locus was attempted by multipoint linkage analysis.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

[The importance of Pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Each year we treated approximately 40 patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in our department of anaesthesiology. In these cases we found with bronchoalveolar lavage followed by microbiological examination, a high incidence (40 per cent) of pneumocystis carinii contamination. An infection with Pneumocystis carinii deteriorates the clinical course of ARDS. Effective drugs were the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Under this therapy we always saw a decrease of infiltrations in the chest-x-ray as well as an improved gas exchange. No relapse was seen in any case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Recurrent multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma in endometriosis of the pelvis].

In the case of a 21-year old woman, who complained of chronic pelvic pain and where cystic structures in the adnexal region had been diagnosed ultrasonically and by laparoscopy, a tumour made up of many small cysts was discovered in the pouch of Douglas next to a typical endometrial cyst. Both the endometrial cyst and the cystic tumour were excised by laparotomy. Histology established the tumour as a multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma. Postoperative recurrence was noticed by ultrasound less than one year later. Laparotomy revealed a 5 cm serous cyst of the right ovary and again countless liquid-filled grape-like small cysts in the pouch of Douglas. Histology revealed a multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma identical to the previously excised tumour. Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare soft tissue tumour noted for its frequent recurrences. Most authors agree, that it belongs to the morphological spectrum of reactive mesothelial proliferative lesions and not the neoplastic spectrum. It appears mostly in women, often concomitant with endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease and frequently in women, who had previous surgical interventions in the abdominal region.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Phylloides tumor: findings on mammography, sonography, and aspiration cytology in 10 cases.

Phylloides tumor is a rare fibroepithelial breast tumor that occasionally has unpredictable clinical behavior. In nine cases of histologically benign tumors and one case of malignant phylloides tumor, the findings on physical examination, mammography, sonography, and aspiration biopsy were correlated retrospectively with the histologic diagnosis of resected specimens. Mammograms showed a round or lobulated benign-appearing opacity in nine cases; one small tumor was missed mammographically. Sonography depicted all tumors as mostly solid masses. Sonographic features included low-level internal echoes, either uniform or scattered; smooth contours; and no significant posterior shadowing. Intramural cysts were shown in six cases. Neither mammography nor sonography allowed reliable differentiation between benign and malignant phylloides tumors. Aspiration biopsy permitted accurate diagnosis of seven benign tumors. The malignant phylloides tumor was classified as a malignant tumor, but the definite differentiation from a carcinoma could not be made. Two histologically benign phylloides tumors were misdiagnosed as carcinomas. Although uncommon, phylloides tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mammographically benign-appearing breast masses, especially if sonography shows intramural cysts within a well-defined solid lesion. Aspiration cytology is unreliable because of the inhomogeneity of the tumor; both intraoperative frozen section and permanent sections are needed for correct histologic diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Determination of faecal chymotrypsin concentration and 72-hour faecal chymotrypsin output in the detection of pancreatic steatorrhoea.

In 96 consecutive patients who underwent a 72-h faecal fat determination because of suspected nutrient malassimilation (maldigestion and/or malabsorption) faecal chymotrypsin (F-Chym) was estimated with a commercial photometric test (Monotest Chymotrypsin), comparing F-Chym concentrations in the first 24-h stool with the total 72-h F-Chym output. In the first 24-h faeces, the F-Chym concentration, calculated as a mean of three random samples, did not significantly differ from a single value obtained after homogenization. In known pancreatic disease, a F-Chym concentration less than 3.0 U/g wet faeces distinguished well between steatorrhoic patients (n = 12) and nonsteatorrhoic (n = 13) (positive predictive value (PV), 91%; negative PV, 86%) but was less suitable as a screening test for pancreatic steatorrhoea in the unselected patient group (positive PV, 61%; negative PV, 98%). Although the estimation of 72-h F-Chym output could differentiate between various subgroups of patients to a certain extent, the positive PV for discovery of pancreatic steatorrhoea in a single patient was low. Four patients had excessively high F-Chym output and increased bile acid excretion after ileal resection (n = 3) and radiation ileitis (n = 1), respectively, possibly indicating the removal of an inhibitory mechanism of pancreatic and biliary secretion in these conditions.

Adult↗