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Biomedical subjects

E Morrison

Publications and source records attributed to E Morrison.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Ophthalmic, health and social profile of guide dog owners in Northern Ireland.

Only 96 out of an estimated 28,000 registerable visually impaired persons, resident in Northern Ireland, currently make use of guide dogs for the blind. Results from this study indicate that guide dog owners represent a young, healthy and highly motivated subgroup of blind persons who have been profoundly visually impaired for prolonged periods of time. The implications of future ophthalmological developments, and of the educational and employment requirements of the visually impaired, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Neuropeptide gene transfer into neuronal and glial cell lines.

Procorticotrophin-releasing hormone (ProCRH) is the precursor to the hypothalamic neuropeptide CRH(1-41) which mediates the neuroendocrine response to stress. In neuroendocrine cells and neurones, peptide hormones and neuropeptides are targeted to the dense-core vesicles of the regulated secretory pathway. These vesicles are transported to the ends of the cellular processes where they are stored until they are released upon an external stimulus. In order to study the post-translational processing and intracellular trafficking of neuropeptides in neuronal cells we have established stably transfected Neuro2A cells and NG115-401L cells expressing proCRH. The expression vector used contains glutamine synthetase (GS) coding sequences which are used as a dominant selectable marker in cells already containing GS genes. The various clonal cell lines isolated express different levels of CRH as assessed using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) thus indicating that the level of expression of the exogenous gene must depend upon the site of chromosome integration. Using immunofluorescence labelling, we have demonstrated that in Neuro2A and NG115-401L cells proCRH is packaged in vesicles which accumulate at the tips of cellular processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The role of early versus late removal of GTAM membranes on bone formation at oral implants placed into immediate extraction sockets. An experimental study in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of early versus late removal of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membranes on bone formation at oral implants. Thirty Brånemark fixtures were placed into immediate extraction sockets with buccal bone dehiscences augmented by e-PTFE membranes. At 4 weeks, the membranes and underlying soft tissues were removed from 5 implants, but at 16 sites only the membranes were extirpated. In 9 sites, the membranes remained in place during the healing period. Sixteen weeks after fixture insertion, the sites in which the membrane was retained (MRET) showed an average of 5.2 mm of clinical bone height increase (100% of bone fill). For sites where the membrane together with underlying soft tissues were removed (MRB), the corresponding value was 2.0 mm (42% of bone fill). Implants at which only the membrane was removed (MR) showed the least clinical bone height increase (1.0 mm), resulting in 21% coverage of original threads. Histometric measurements verified that the MRET sites had the least distance from the top of the fixture to the newly formed bone level (0.4 mm). However, in contrast with the clinical findings, the histometric analyses showed that the MRB group had the greatest remaining bone defect (3.3 mm). The clinical and histometric results of the MRET group were statistically better, though, compared with those of the other two groups. Biopsies, removed from beneath the membranes, revealed slightly inflamed connective tissue, containing spicules of newly formed bone, indicating that more bone might have been created if the membranes had been retained longer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1993

The effect of citric acid application on periodontally involved root surfaces. II. An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study.

The in vitro effect of citric acid application on periodontally involved root surfaces was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Teeth were selected following specific criteria. The specimens were prepared for observation, and the features of the root surface were studied. The results demonstrated that a 3-minute application of citric acid (pH = 1.0) to the root surface after scaling and root planing demineralized the outer root surface, opened the dentinal tubules, and exposed collagen fibers. Scaling and root planing alone left the surface with a smear layer, scattered islands of cementum, and no collagen fibers or exposed dentinal tubules.

Citrates↗
PubMed1992

The effect of citric acid application on periodontally involved root surfaces. 1. An in vitro light microscopic study.

This study investigated the effect of citric acid application on periodontally involved root surfaces. Forty periodontally involved teeth were randomly divided into four groups of ten teeth each: no treatment, citric acid treatment, root planing alone, and root planing in conjunction with citric acid treatment. Ten nondiseased, untreated teeth served as controls. After treatment, each tooth was split along its long axis; half was examined under light microscopy and half under scanning electron microscopy (part II of the paper). Light microscopy revealed that the effects obtained by scaling and root planing were not altered after citric acid application. Moreover, the cementum layer was not entirely removed without careful and thorough planing of the root surface. Citric acid application alone had no effect on the diseased root surface. Citric acid did not penetrate the dentinal tubules, nor did it alter the collagen content of the roots obtained by scaling and root planing.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

The provision of ophthalmic services for a rehabilitation day care centre population with multiple physical handicaps.

The provision of the wide variety of support services necessary for patients with multiple handicaps is often poorly coordinated. In this study a group of 108 adults, aged from 19 to 90 years, who suffered from multiple physical handicaps and attended a rehabilitation day care centre, had their visual functions and requirements assessed by a multidisciplinary team. The programme consisted of five stages. Each patient was initially screened and subsequently referred for more detailed optometric, ophthalmological, low vision or rehabilitation assessments, where appropriate. Results indicated that many of the patients had not been receiving regular ocular assessments and would benefit from the provision of an optical appliance or ophthalmological treatment. The survey provided staff at the rehabilitation centre with information on the visual status of individual patients and enhanced general eye-care awareness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Trial of brief intermittent neuroleptic prophylaxis for selected schizophrenic outpatients: clinical and social outcome at two years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a novel approach to the prophylaxis of schizophrenic relapse characterised by administration of brief courses of neuroleptic for the earliest non-psychotic signs of relapse (prodromal symptoms). DESIGN: Two year follow up of subjects randomised, double blind, to receive either active (control group) or placebo (intermittent group) depot neuroleptic medication. Both groups received brief courses of oral neuroleptic when prodromal symptoms or relapse occurred. SETTING: Psychiatric outpatient department, Charing Cross Hospital, London. SUBJECTS: 54 Stable patients in remission who met the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia on the basis of case notes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival without relapse, survival without hospitalisation, point prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia, structured assessment of social functioning (social adjustment scale II), and frequency of prodromal symptoms. RESULTS: Of 19 relapses recorded over two years, 10 (53%) were preceded by non-psychotic prodromal signs. Survival rates for both relapse and hospitalisation were worse with intermittent treatment than continuous treatment over the two year follow up: 92% of controls and only 54% of patients given intermittent treatment survived the two year period without hospitalisation. Prolonged or frequent relapses as well as episodes of prodromal symptoms were more frequent with intermittent treatment. Lower scores for extrapyramidal side effects were recorded in the intermittent treatment group, but periodic assessments of social functioning failed to show any social advantages from this. CONCLUSION: The findings are at variance with a previous report of one year follow up in this cohort and attest to the superiority of continuous depot neuroleptic prophylaxis in preventing both psychotic and neurotic or dysphoric morbidity in schizophrenia.

Administration, Oral↗