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Biomedical subjects

E Morrison

Publications and source records attributed to E Morrison.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Developing and testing the beliefs about caregiving scale.

Four studies were conducted to refine and test a newly developed instrument designed to identify caregivers who are at high risk for providing poor-quality care to a dependent elder in the home: the Beliefs About Caregiving Scale (BACS). The BACS was tested for internal consistency, stability, and construct validity. Results suggest strong evidence for internal consistency and for construct validity using the multitrait method as well as moderate evidence for construct validity using predictive modeling. Although further refinements are required, initial tests suggest that the BACS is potentially useful for both research and clinical applications.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Regulation of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression by interferons and platelet-derived growth factor.

In murine BALB/c 3T3 cell cultures, either beta interferon or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhanced expression of the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase mRNA and protein. The time course of induction in response to beta interferon was similar to that in response to PDGF. Of several growth factors known to be present in clotted blood serum (i.e., epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, and PDGF), only PDGF enhanced expression of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase. The linkage of an interferon response element-containing segment from the 5'-flanking region of a human or murine 2',-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene made a heterologous gene responsive to interferon. The expression of such a gene construct in transfected cells was also induced by PDGF. Induction by PDGF was inhibited by mono- or polyclonal antibodies to murine interferon, which suggested that induction by PDGF requires interferon. Both PDGF and interferon induced nuclear factors that bound to this interferon response element-containing segment in vitro.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1989

The keys to successful diversification: lessons from leading hospital systems.

Hospitals have engaged in a variety of diversification activities over the past five years--many of which have not met expectations. Based on a nationwide study of 570 hospitals belonging to eight leading hospital systems (both investor-owned and not-for-profit), four key factors are identified that differentiate the winners from the losers. These include strategies for working effectively with physicians; learning to combine centralized and decentralized strategic planning approaches; understanding partially related diversification; and effectively applying the experience curve. Putting these lessons to work will increase the probability of a more effectively diversified health care system in the future.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

Systematic errors in estimating prevalence and severity of periodontal disease.

Partial-mouth scores are often used in epidemiologic studies to estimate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. Such estimates systematically underestimate the prevalence of disease, but the bias can be in either direction for disease severity. Three large data sets containing full-mouth examinations (mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, and midlingual (MBDL) sites per tooth) for either attachment loss or probing pocket depths were used to investigate the magnitudes of systemic error that occur by employing four specific partial-mouth scores (M, MB, MBD, and MBDL sites per tooth), which are based on the random half-mouth technique. For prevalence of disease the sensitivity of a partial score was a function of the disease level in the population. All four partial scores were sensitive enough to adequately portray true prevalence using the 2-mm demarcation value, the MBD and MBDL scores might still be considered adequate for the 4-mm value, but none of these partial scores were adequate for the 7-mm value. For disease severity the MBDL score produced unbiased estimates, the others were biased. The relative biases for the MB and MBD scores were all under 10% (in absolute value), but the M score produced severe relative biases, 24% for probing pocket depths and -12% for attachment loss.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1986

Natural history of periodontal disease in man. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in Sri Lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age.

This paper describes the initiation, rate of progress of periodontal disease and consequent tooth loss in a population never exposed to any programs or incidents relative to prevention and treatment of dental diseases. The group consisted of 480 male laborers at two tea plantations in Sri Lanka. The study design and baseline data have been published. At the initial examination in 1970, the age of the participants ranged between 14 and 31 years. Subsequent examinations occurred in 1971, 1973, 1977, 1982 and 1985. Thus, the study covers the age range 14-46 years. Throughout the study, the clinical indices were scored by the same two examiners, both well-trained and experienced periodontitis. Intra-examiner reproducibility for each index was tested at baseline and repeated periodically during the study. The data for each examination were computerized and updated on an ongoing basis. At the last examination in 1985, there were 161 individuals who had participated in the first survey. This population did not perform any conventional oral hygiene measures and consequently displayed quite uniformly large aggregates of plaque, calculus and stain on their teeth. Virtually all gingival units exhibited inflammation. Based on interproximal loss of attachment and tooth mortality rates, three subpopulations were identified: (1) individuals (approximately 8%) with rapid progression of periodontal disease (RP), those (approximately 81%) with moderate progression (MP), and a group (approximately 11%) who exhibited no progression (NP) of periodontal disease beyond gingivitis. At 35 years of age, the mean loss of attachment in the RP group was approximately 9 mm, the MP group had approximately 4 mm and the NP group had less than 1 mm loss of attachment. At the age of 45 years, the mean loss of attachment in the RP group was approximately 13 mm and the MP group approximately 7 mm. The annual rate of destruction in the RP group varied between 0.1 and 1.0 mm, in the MP group between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, and in the NP group between 0.05 and 0.09 mm. Since this population was virtually caries free, essentially all missing teeth were lost due to periodontal disease. In the RP group, tooth loss already occurred at 20 years of age and increased throughout the next 25 years. At 35 years of age, 12 teeth had been lost, at 40 years of age 20 teeth were missing and at 45 all teeth were lost. In the MP groups, tooth mortality started after 30 years of age and increased throughout the decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Periodontal health and disease in young people: screening for priority care.

Gingivitis is the most common chronic disease affecting young people. Almost all teenagers exhibit gingival lesions in the interproximal areas of posterior teeth. Gingivitis is caused by supragingival bacterial plaque which contains more than 165 species and subspecies. No single organism or group of bacteria can be directly implicated in the development of gingivitis. Periodontitis occurs before 20 years of age, is also first found in the interdental areas of posterior teeth and is preceded by gingivitis. It progresses slowly through the decades of adult life with varying rates in different individuals and teeth within the same mouth. Subgingival plaque contains more gram-negative, anaerobic organisms and more motile bacteria than supragingival plaque. Progression of periodontitis coincides with the occurrence of certain Bacteroides species, fusobacteria and other anaerobic motile rods as well as spirochetes. However, at this time the concept of specific pathogenicity cannot be applied. Rapidly progressing localized or generalized periodontitis is characterized by the rate of periodontal destruction and usually occurs in less than one per cent of juveniles. These patients exhibit increased prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and abnormalities in neutrophil function. At present, simple clinical screening tests that can predict who will and who will not suffer from chronic periodontitis, that can provide early identification of high risk patients or forewarn the development of juvenile periodontitis are non-existent. Research in this area is seeing significant progress and several technologies have shown promise. While awaiting new screening methodologies, the clinician must continue to rely on periodontal probing, radiographic techniques, visual inspection and clinical acumen as the main means of periodontal diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The structure of chromatin reconstituted with phosphorylated H1. Circular dichroism and thermal denaturation studies.

The effect of binding enzymatically phosphorylated H1 histone on the structure of reconstituted chromatin was determined by circular dichroism and thermal denaturation studies at low ionic strength. Procedures were developed for the selective removal of the lysine-rich histones H1 and H5 from chicken erythrocyte chromatin (stripped chromatin) and for the specific reconstitution of chromatin, without nucleosome sliding. Reconstitution was carried out with either rat thymus H1, phosphorylated rat thymus H1 (containing an average of 5.3 phosphates/molecule, or chicken erythrocyte H5. The maximum ellipticity in 1.0 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, of stripped chromatin [( theta]282.5 = 4800 degree cm2/dmol) was effectively reduced to the value for native chromatin [( theta]282.5 = 3900 degree cm2/dmol) through reconstitution with approximately one molecule of either H1 [( theta]282.5 = 4050 degree cm2/dmol) or phosphorylated H1 [( theta]282.5 = 4100 degree cm2/dmol) per 200 base pairs of DNA. As the circular dichroic spectra for chromatin reconstituted with H1 and phosphorylated H1 are similar, it appears that phosphorylation per se does not induce a major structural alteration of chromatin structure. Thermal denaturation studies at low ionic strength of chromatin reconstituted with either H1 or phosphorylated H1 revealed a transition that occurs at a slightly lower temperature than the high temperature transition of native chromatin. This transition was shifted approximately 1 degree C to lower temperature when the chromatin was reconstituted with phosphorylated H1 as compared to H1. Thus, phosphorylation of H1 caused a significant destabilization of the chromatin structure at low ionic strength. When thermal denaturation was carried out on chromatin reconstituted with H5, native-like profiles were obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of fluorometholone (FML) on the intraocular pressure of corticosteroid responders.

Steroid responsiveness to dexamethasone was determined in a large family with an established dominant form of chronic simple glaucoma. The high and intermediate steroid responders were then tested with fluorometholone--a steroid which is claimed to have a reduced risk of increasing intraocular pressure. It was found that fluorometholone had a much less pronounced ocular hypertensive effect than dexamethasone. However, one patient showed a comparable response on both drugs, and this suggests that some caution must still be exercised when using the drug on susceptible individuals. Fluorometholone was also found to be more irritable to the eye than dexamethasone.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1981

The effects of short periods of fasting on the absorption of heavy metals.

1. Rats were deprived of food for periods of from 0 to 40 h and then given 203Pb, 203Hg, 59Fe, 64Cu, 65Zn or 45Ca by stomach tube. The absorption and retention of these metals in tissues was measured 1 h and 2 d after dosing. 2. After 16-24 h of food deprivation between two and ten times more metal was retained than after 0-12 h. 3. The effects of length of fast on metal uptake by the intestinal mucosa were greatest in the duodenum. 4. Lactate production by duodenal mucosa was halved after 12 h of food deprivation but galactose absorption was little changed after a 40 h fast.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of results following three modalities of periodontal therapy related to tooth type and initial pocket depth.

Results following three modalities of periodontal therapy (subgingival curettage, modified Widman flap surgery, and pocket elimination or reduction surgery) in 78 patients over 8 years were compared for variations in pocket depth and clinical attachment level related to tooth types (maxillary molars, mandibular molars, maxillary biscupids, mandibular biscupids, maxillary anterior teeth, mandibular anterior teeth). The analysis was based on a classification of three severity groups according to initial crevice or pocket depth (Class I, 1-3 mm; Class II, 4-6 mm; and Class III, 7-12 mm) and with patient's means of measurements being the experimental units for the statistical analysis. Reduction in pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment for pockets 4 mm or deeper occurred following all three methods of treatment, and was well sustained over 8 years. No one modality of treatment was consistently superior to any of the other two with regards to sustained reduction of pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment. Surgical pocket elimination or reduction did not enhance the prognosis for maintenance of periodontal support in either moderate or advanced periodontal lesions anywhere in the mouth compared with more conservative modalities of treatment. In spite of prophylaxis and instruction in home care every 3 months, there was a slight progressive loss of attachment over time in areas of shallow crevices (1-3 mm).

Bicuspid↗