Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E N Nesterov.
Endothelial carcinomatoid proliferation was recorded in the thrombosed pulmonary trunk of a 60-year-old female chronic bronchitis sufferer who had died of cardiac insufficiency due to progressive thrombosis. The case illustrates a variant of precancer emerging in a vascular wall.
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The experiment has been carried out on 72 dogs. The dynamics of morphofunctional changes in the spinal cord, its meninges and in the epidural structures have been investigated when the epidural veins of the spinal canal are involved into the collateral blood stream after ligation of the anterior or posterior venae cavae. During the first 24 h after disturbance of the blood stream in the venae cavae, there appears venous stasis in the vessels of the epidural structures, of the spinal cord and its meninges, in neurons and glial elements hypoxia and acidosis appear. However, in connection with reconstruction of the collateralies, compensating the disturbed blood stream, by the end of the first week the phenomena of the venous stasis disappear. As the result of further reconstruction of the collateral bed, the epidural veins of the spinal canal become the main (short) bypass. During 3-5 months after occlusion of the venae cavae not only the ventral epidural veins of the spinal canal are gradually dilating, but the veins of the roots and meninges of the spinal cord, as well. The spinal cord edema develops, its volume increases by 10-18%, neural cells undergo severe morphological changes up to their death. The phenomena of a chronic venous congestion increase in their severity during 3 years, after that compensatory and restorative changes begin prevailing.
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When the blood flow in the epidural veins of the spinal cord canal is stopped (performed in 24 dogs) by means of paraffin emboli, it results, at early stages, in distrophic and hypoxic changes in neurons and glial cells of the spinal cord. In 2-4 weeks these changes are substituted by certain restorative processes and in 3 months normal structure and function are restored.
The size of the renal body in convoluted parts of proximal and distal nephrons has been studied in normal dogs and after section and ligation of the efferent lymphatic vessels in 4 series of experiments (85 dogs). Observations have been made 12 h, 3 and 10--150 days after the operation. Histological, histochemical and morphometric methods have been applied; the level of residual nitrogen has been estimated. In early days of the experiment, the disturbance in lymph drainage has been found to result in edema and albuminous saturation of the connective tissue stroma, granular distrophy of the epithelium in the convoluted tubules of the kidney. After 40--150 days of the experiment, diffuse sclerosis of the connective tissue stroma of the medullar substance and of the pyramids develops. Alterations and disorders in the organ's function on nitrogen discharge are especially pronounced when lymph drainage is disturbed in one kidney, and the other kidney is removed. In such a case, the processes of compensatory hypertrophy are delayed. Morpho-functional alterations are less pronounced after lymph drainage disorders in the compensatory hypertrophic kidney.
A complex of physico-chemical, biochemical and morphologic methods was used to study the surfactant state in resected lungs of 44 patients with chronic suppurative processes. A possibility of correction of some surface--active properties of the surfactant through the effect of the preoperative management with the use of intrapulmonary electrophoresis of antibiotics, hydrocortisone and heparin was established.
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The minimum surface tension (STmin) and the content of total lipids (TL) and phospholipids (PL) in a surfactant obtained by differential centrifugation of extracts from 56 fragments of lungs resected from 48 patients with segmentary suppurations and bronchiectasia were correlated with the results of morphological and histochemical studies. The controls consisted of 5 lungs from the subjects dying of accidental causes. Areas of interstitial pneumosclerosis, atelectasis and carnification were found to have a high STmin and to contain less than 1 mg of PL per 1 g of the lung tissue, whereas foci of emphysema had a lower STmin and a higher content of PL. These parameters are inversely related. Possible causes of the change of the surfactant condition in chronic pneumonia and practical importance of its examination in resected lungs for a diverse evaluation of the pathological process and the effectiveness of preoperational therapy are discussed.
The state of pulmonary surfactant in rabbits at different periods (3 to 60 days) of experimental pneumonia was compared with the changes of the redox enzymes in the alveolar epithelium and the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate. At the initial stage (3 to 7 days) of the cellular metabolism activation there occurred a transitory intensification of the synthesis of surfactant lipids with a relative suppression of phospholipid synthesis. Later the progress of dystrophic processes and parenchymal sclerosis was accompanied by reduction of the synthesis of all the surfactant components. Surfactant surface activity became stable at a low level. This is possibly connected with the specific regulation of the surfactant synthesis determined by functional peculiarities of the organ.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.