Treatment of mycoplasma contamination.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
E Nissen
Publications and source records attributed to E Nissen.
Effects of maternal pethidine on infants' developing breast feeding behaviour.
The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effects of maternal pethidine during labour on the developing breast feeding behaviour in infants in the first 2 h after birth compared with infants not exposed to pethidine. Forty-four healthy infants were observed immediately after birth. They were placed skin-to-skin on their mothers' chests. The development of mouth and sucking movements as well as rooting behaviour and state of sleep/wakefulness were noted. The observer was blind as to the pain relief the mother had received during labour. Of the 44 mothers 18 had received pethidine. The main findings were that infants exposed to pethidine had delayed and depressed sucking and rooting behaviour. In addition, a smaller proportion of infants exposed to pethidine started to suckle the breast. Rooting movements which are expected to be vigorous at 30 min after birth were affected both by administration of pethidine and a longer second stage of labour. It is suggested that the differences found in sucking behaviour may be a central effect of pethidine. Depression of rooting movements in the pethidine group may be caused by exhaustion due to a longer second stage of labour and administration of pethidine. It is recommended that pethidine-exposed mother-infant couples stay together after birth long enough to enable the infant to make the choice to attach or not to attach to the nipple without the forceful helping hand of the health staff.
Adult↗
Elevation of oxytocin levels early post partum in women.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine plasma levels of oxytocin in women immediately after delivery. METHODS: Oxytocin was measured in 18 healthy women at 15 minute intervals after normal vaginal deliveries with healthy infants. The mothers had their infants put skin-to-skin on their chests immediately after birth. The infants stayed there up to two hours post partum. RESULTS: There were significant elevations of oxytocin 15, 30 and 45 minutes after delivery (p = 0.007, 0.02 and 0.02 respectively) when compared with average pre partum levels sampled approximately 7-15 minutes before partus. This elevation of oxytocin coincided with the expulsion of placenta. In most women this first elevation was followed by repeated elevations of oxytocin. Oxytocin levels returned to pre partum levels at 60 minutes post partum. CONCLUSIONS: Oxytocin is known to play a role in maternal bonding in animals. Earlier studies indicate that there is a sensitive period for bonding the first hour after giving birth even in women. Our study demonstrates a coincidence of this putative 'sensitive period' and high levels of oxytocin.
Adult↗
Potential suitability of Na+/K(+)-transporting ATPase in pre-screens for anti-cancer agents.
Twenty-five compounds [digitalis (generic name for cardenolides, bufadienolides and their glycosides) representatives and derivatives, various steroids as well as some customary carcinostatics] have been compared in terms of their potency to suppress the proliferation of Ehrlich mouse ascites carcinoma (EMAC) cells and to inhibit the activity of Na/K-ATPase from EMAC cells and from human cardiac muscle. The inhibitor susceptibilities of the Na/K-ATPase isoforms of EMAC and cardiac muscle are very different, in favour of the cardiac muscle with the digitalis-like acting steroids, whereas they are quite similar with the digitalis-unlike acting compounds. Whereas the K0.5 values for the inhibition of EMAC Na/K-ATPase display the expected dependence on steroid structure, the IC50 values for the suppression of EMAC cell proliferation all lie within a narrow concentration range. With ouabain, the IC50 value for the suppression of proliferation of oestrogen receptor-negative, human mammary carcinoma (MCA) cells is four orders of magnitude higher than the K0.5 value for inhibition of the activity of human cardiac muscle Na/K-ATPase. In contrast to this effectivity order, some synthetic derivatives of digitalis steroids develop primarily antiproliferative potency.
Animals↗
In vitro replication of hepatitis C virus in a human lymphoid cell line (H9)
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Base Sequence↗
Antineoplastic activity in vitro of free and liposomal alkylphosphocholines.
We investigated the liposome forming properties of three homologues of alkylphosphocholines: hexadecylphosphocholine (HPC), octadecylphosphocholine (OPC) and eicosanylphosphocholine (EPC). In the presence of cholesterol and dicetylphosphate, alkylphosphocholines form liposomes with slow permeability for entrapped carboxyfluorescein. We studied the direct cytotoxicity of alkylphosphocholine vesicles and their ability to attack MethA sarcoma cells, human skin and muscle fibroblasts (M22, GUS, Moscow), and human mouth epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB, ATCC, CCL 17). All alkylphosphocholines show cytotoxic activity against the investigated cells, the degree of which depends on the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, concentration and incubation time. Whereas the etherlipid liposomes are less toxic to MethA cells than the free compounds, the liposomal alkylphosphocholines are more toxic toward KB and M22 cells than the corresponding free lipids.
Animals↗
Proliferation of cultivated cells from normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic human breast tissue--preliminary report.
The success of cultivation of epithelial cells from normal, neoplastic and preneoplastic tissues is reviewed. MCDB 170 medium with special supplements is useful for epithelial cell culture. The epithelial character was demonstrated by the reaction with 3 different monoclonal antibodies. Most cell populations from preneoplastic and neoplastic tissues were identified as fibroblasts. Cell proliferation as measured by cell doubling time, labeling index, flow cytometry did not differ between the tissue types examined. Only 3H-thymidine uptake showed an increased tendency in cells from preneoplastic and neoplastic tissues. The use of normal human breast epithelial cells for molecular biological studies is recommended.
Breast↗
In vitro transformation of rat cells by 3-methylcholanthrene: activation of the ras oncogene.
Rat cells of the established, immortalized line rat-2 were treated with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene. No characteristic morphological transformation occurred during three weeks after treatment. However, the carcinogen-treated cells formed colonies in soft agar. Cell lines established from single soft agar colonies were characterized by an increased proliferation rate, an enhanced colony formation in soft agar and an increased expression of the Ha-ras oncogene.
Animals↗
Liposomes as carrier of methyl-GAG. Increased antitumor activity and reduced hypoglycemia in mice.
The encapsulation efficiency and the leakage on storage of various types of liposomes prepared from different lipid compositions containing the anticancer drug methyl-GAG (methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone) were investigated. Treatment with methyl-GAG in a q.d. 1-4 schedule resulted in the murine leukemias P 388 and L 1210 (i.v.) in nearly the same increase in life span as the corresponding dose in liposomes. In a q.d. 1, 3 schedule methyl-GAG containing liposomes revealed comparable effects as the 4-day treatment with the free drug. The hypoglycemic effect of 80 mg/kg methyl-GAG, q.d. 1-4, could be normalized when the drug was administered in reverse-phase evaporation vesicles. We conclude that the liposomal encapsulation of methyl-GAG leads to a depot effect with a slight relief of toxicity.
Animals↗
Characterization of human mammary normal and neoplastic cells grown in culture.
The paper presented here describes cultivation and characterization of human mammary normal (NMC) and neoplastic (BO) cells. Characteristics: growth rate, colony growth in soft agar, nuclear overlaps, induction of multinucleation by Cytochalasin B and transplantation in vivo were compared between NMC- and BO-cells. Normal (NMC) cells are characterized by a slow growth rate (cell doubling time less than 70 hours), no growth in soft agar, no induction of uncontrolled nuclear division and no development of tumors after transplantation of cells in nude mice in vivo. The two cell types do not differ with respect to the nuclear overlapping ratio. In contrast, neoplastic (BO) cells showed a lower doubling time (less than 20 hours), colony growth in soft agar (greater than 20 colonies/30,000 cells), induction of multinucleation by Cytochalasin B (greater than or equal to 3 nuclei/cell), and tumors in nude mice were observed. Both cell types were recommended as an in-vitro model for screening antineoplastic agents.
Animals↗
Establishment of a tumor cell line and its use for an agar-free colony-forming assay.
The establishment of a spontaneously transformed tumorigenic human fibrosarcoma line derived from the ovary of a breast cancer patient (NO-15) is described. This tumor cell line has been characterized by tumor growth in nude mice. The cells form colonies without the usually recommended agar technique and are sensitive to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP), daunorubicin (DR) and bleomycin (BLM), three well-known chemotherapeutic agents. The cells were incubated in the presence of drugs using three different methods. These agents proved to be noncytotoxic to monolayers treated for three hours. Conversely dose-dependent cytotoxicity was seen in suspension cultures treated for three hours. Optimal correlation between the three methods for the evaluation of cytotoxicity was seen in monolayers exposed to these agents for 24 hours. The results of three different methods to evaluate drug efficacy (number of colonies, growth rate and 3H-thymidine incorporation) were in good correlation. The incorporation of the radiolabeled tracer into cellular DNA is advantageous for its rapidity and quantitative reproducibility.
Adult↗
Effects of nifedipine on cell resistance and cardiac toxicity--in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Nifedipine can enhance the cytotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs. The present paper describes characteristics of sensitive and acquired resistant cells prior to and after transplantation into nude mice and experiments to reverse the acquired resistance to Daunorubicin (DR) by Nifedipine. Resistant cells (HT/DR+) are characterized by prolonged doubling time and diminished drug sensitivity and drug uptake. HT/DR+ cells show a slightly increased number of polyploid cells. These characteristics are not changed after nude mouse transplantation. Nifedipine enhances the intracellular level of Daunorubicin and cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo in case of HT/DR+ cells. But Nifedipine acts both in vitro and in vivo also on sensitive cells (HT). This could support the hypothesis that Nifedipine increases the toxicity, which could be confirmed by experiments on mice (B6D2F1 strain). But probably the increased incidence of toxic deaths is not due to increased cardiac toxicity. This increase of toxicity could limit the clinical usefulness of the combination of antineoplastic drugs with calcium channel blockers.
Animals↗
Investigations on the instability of drug sensitivity in dependence on culture and transplantation conditions in case of a human lung carcinoma.
Changes of biological properties, DNA-distribution patterns and drug sensitivity testing in vivo and in vitro after different culture and transplantation conditions in case of a human lung carcinoma are described. While DNA-distribution patterns of cells before any culture (OSC, TC 0) showing two clearly different aneuploid cell populations (DNA-index DI: 3.9 and 4.9), cells after 8 passages (TC 8) in vitro demonstrate only one cell population. These cells do not differ from double value (4C) of diploid cells (2C). DNA-distribution patterns of cells of solid tumors grown in nude mice (nu/nu 2089-1) show a cell population with DI 6.3. In line with these results, cells and tissues after different culture and transplantation conditions exhibit variable drug sensitivities. The lung carcinoma (OSC) shows clear reactions measured either by 3H-thymidine or 3H-deoxyuridine in the presence of Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate. Adriblastin and 5-Fluorouracil did not show any effects after 48 hours treatment. Cultivated cells (TC 8) were sensitive against all antineoplastic drugs tested. Tumor tissue grown in nude mice (nu/nu 2089-1) shows the strongest effect after 5-Fluorouracil treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Selection of different cell population were discussed with regard to these findings.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Activation of cyclophosphamide for in vitro testing of cell sensitivity.
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Animals↗
[In vitro cell and tissue cultures as a model for studying human tumors].
An experimental in vitro or in vivo tumour model should be unchanged represent the biological properties (e.g. histology, proliferation). Changes of tumour cell populations were determined by means of DNA-distribution and multinucleation after cytochalasin B treatment. Flow cytometry measurements on cell cultures in 50 ml glass culture flasks reveal reduction of polyploid cells after collagenase treatment of human mammary carcinomas. Selection of cell populations are responsible for the failed induction of multinucleation by cytochalasin B. In organ cultures the composition of cell population prior to and after 48 hours could maintained. The improved penetration could be demonstrated by autoradiographic measurements of 3H-thymidine incorporation. Thickness, surface and improved penetration of metabolites of vital tissue slices seem to be also important for cell movement and cell division. In 10 out of 12 experiments an earlier cell migration and proliferation could be observed from vital slices than from tissue pieces. Organ cultures represent sufficiently carcinoma in vivo and are more suitable than other mentioned in vitro cell culture methods.
Autoradiography↗
Predicting response of human solid tumors to chemotherapy.
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Antineoplastic Agents↗
[In vitro cultivation of vital tissue slices: a new variation of organ culture technics].
A new modification of the organ culture technique is described. In contrast to the conventional technique in which organ pieces (1 mm3) are cultivated, uniform, viable, microscopically controlled tissue slices are used in a modified organ culture technique. The new method is suitable for in vitro culture of human mammary carcinoma. Flow cytometry measurements reveal changes prior to and after collagenase treatment of human mammary carcinomas. In organ culture the composition of cell population prior to and after 48 h could be maintained. Examination under the microscope confirmed these results. The uptake of [3H]-thymidine was greater in tumor slices than in tumor pieces. Organ cultures sufficiently represent carcinoma in vivo in comparison to the other mentioned in vitro techniques.
Breast Neoplasms↗
In vitro characteristics of a human mammary carcinoma prior to and after transplantation into nude mice.
Single cells from a patient (B.E., 65 years) have been isolated by collagenase treatment and cultivated in vitro. The human tumour showed predominantly simple undifferentiated and also tubular structures. The 5th in vitro passage of these cells were characterized by growth curves, DNA-distribution patterns and chromosome numbers. Cells of the 5th in vitro passage were i.p. transplanted in nude mice. The characteristics of the 21st passage of ascitic cells and solid tumour material grown in nude mice were compared with cell characteristics of the 5th in vitro passage. Our results demonstrate that malignant cells (ascitic) are best able to proliferate in vitro after transplantation into nude mice. The number of polyploid cells are increased in this cell population. DNA-distribution patterns and chromosome numbers show a good correlation. Biological properties of human neoplastic cells are dependent on environmental factors.
Aged↗