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Biomedical subjects

E Olsson

Publications and source records attributed to E Olsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Roxithromycin in Lyme borreliosis: discrepant results of an in vitro and in vivo animal susceptibility study and a clinical trial in patients with erythema migrans.

A new semisynthetic macrolide roxithromycin was evaluated for its potential use in the treatment of Lyme borreliosis. Using a macro-dilution broth technique, Borrelia burgdorferi was shown to be susceptible to roxithromycin with a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.06-0.25 microgram/ml. A systemic B. burgdorferi infection was established in gerbils; a dosage of greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg/day roxithromycin for 10 days eliminated the infection. A single blind, randomized multicenter study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of roxithromycin 150 mg b.i.d. versus phenoxymethyl-penicillin 1 g b.i.d. for 10 days in patients with uncomplicated erythema migrans. The study was interrupted when 19 patients had enrolled because of five treatment failures. All 5 patients had received roxithromycin; three patients had persisting or recurrent erythema migrans, one developed a secondary erythema migrans-like lesion and severe arthralgia and one developed neuroborreliosis. B. burgdorferi was isolated from skin biopsies after roxithromycin therapy from two patients with persistent erythema migrans and both isolates were still highly susceptible to roxithromycin (MBC = 0.03 microgram/ml). No treatment failures were seen in 10 patients treated with phenoxymethyl-penicillin. Roxithromycin is thus not recommended for treatment of Lyme borreliosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The Kessel prosthesis in total shoulder arthroplasty. A five-year experience.

Between 1982 and 1985, 23 Kessel total shoulder arthroplasties were performed on 22 patients. A clinical and roentgenographic review was performed by an independent observer. Three patients had their prostheses removed and three had revision surgery, leaving 17 shoulders in 16 patients available for study, all with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). All patients were relieved of pain and noticed a general improvement in activities of daily living. Passive flexion and rotation were increased, but active movements remained unchanged. Roentgenographically, radiolucent zones developed around the scapular component on all patients within one year but only around one of the humeral components. Total shoulder arthroplasties with the Kessel prosthesis in RA relieved pain and improved shoulder and arm function. The long-term results were complicated by a high incidence of loosening of the glenoid component, probably a feature of the constrained design of the Kessel prosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Body weight-bearing while rising and sitting down in patients with stroke.

Distribution of body weight on the two legs while rising and sitting down was examined in 42 subacute stroke patients and 16 healthy adults during both spontaneous movement and following instruction directed at even weight distribution. Vertical floor reaction forces were measured by two force plates. There was a difference between patients and controls in the tested motor tasks--the patients favoured their nonparetic leg. However, body weight distribution was less asymmetric when patients tried to rise and sit down evenly compared to spontaneous rising/sitting down (p less than 0.001). Patients' own estimation of distribution of body weight documented on a visual analogue scale, correlated with actual body weight distribution while rising (rs = 0.36) but not while sitting down. To motivate stroke patients to pay attention to their ability to distribute body weight evenly while rising and sitting down and to create and use adequate self-reports seems a necessary commitment in a rehabilitation programme in order to avoid the learned nonuse syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Functional restitution after lower leg fractures. A long-term follow-up.

Twenty-five patients with fractures of the lower leg treated by closed reduction and plaster fixation were examined an average of 7 years and 8 months after trauma. The end result was assessed according to the following: (1) The patient's own opinion; (2) clinical examination including comparing range of motion in knee and ankle in the fractured and non-fractured leg, leg length discrepancy, malrotation of the injured extremity and muscle force analysis; (3) radiological examination. All fractures had healed after a mean of 13.4 weeks. Twelve of the 25 patients had no complaints. Subjective and objective assessment of the end results were in good correlation. Only eight patients had remaining radiological displacement, in only one of which it was severe. The slight remaining malpositionings did not influence the final functional result. The muscle force analysis showed that fractures caused by high-energy trauma also brought permanent reduction of muscular strength to the fractured extremity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Total hip arthroplasty. A comparison between cemented and press-fit noncemented fixation.

This study compares cemented (Charnley) with noncemented (Honart Patel-Garches) total hip arthroplasty. 150 patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and miscellaneous conditions were randomized into either group with 75 in each. Patients were evaluated over 5 postoperative years with examinations at 6 months, at 1 year, and then annually. Each examination involved clinical assessment, objective gait analysis, and radiographic examination. The Charnley group improved faster than the HP-Garches group during the first 2 years. At the last evaluation the results were excellent or good in 79% in the Charnley group and 70% in the HP-Garches group. In the HP-Garches group midthigh pain occurred in 64%. Five patients with Charnley prostheses (6.7%) and 14 patients with HP-Garches prostheses (18.7% had revision surgery to correct mechanical loosening. Standard radiography revealed radiolucent zones in both groups, but this could not be related to the clinical outcome despite radiolucency being present in all noncemented replacements on the femoral side. Objective gait analysis confirmed inferior clinical results at 6 months in the HP-Garches group. There was no significant difference between the groups at the most recent evaluation. Our findings are not consistent with earlier optimistic expectations on press-fit noncemented total hip arthroplasties.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Long-term sequelae after pediatric brain tumors: their effect on disability and quality of life.

In an unselected series of pediatric brain tumors, 56 of 60 long-term survivors--craniopharyngiomas and pituitary tumors excluded--were investigated and interviewed mean X = 10 (5-16) years after diagnosis. After this time, sequelae were stable and included cognitive (38%), motor (25%), visual (20%), hormonal (20%), and psychological-emotional (14%) dysfunction. Memory dysfunction was found in 22% of patients with normal intelligence. Moderate or severe disability, from combinations of these impairments, was found in 34%. Sixty-six percent had no or mild disability compatible with active life and employment. However, these patients less often were married or had children compared with a control group of healthy subjects. Moderate and severe disability was found in 48% of supra- and in 21% of infratentorial tumors, after radiotherapy (RT) in 55% vs. without RT in 18%. RT before 6 years of age caused subnormal IQ in all cases. The self-reported quality of life was not related to degree of disability. Patients with psychological-emotional sequelae self-evaluated their quality of life lower than did patients with other types of long-term sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Postoperative improvement of walking capacity in patients with trochanteric hip fracture: a prospective analysis 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Between 1982-1985, 149 patients with trochanteric fractures were randomly selected for treatment with either Ender nails or a sliding nail plate. Ninety-two patients were able to perform walkway tests on an electronic walkway and were considered the best prospects for rehabilitation. Thirty-seven patients' fractures were stabilized with Ender nails and 55 with a sliding nail plate. Gait analyses were made at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Change in walking capacity based on four parameters (walking aids, walking distance, maximal vertical force, and single limb support) was compared to changes in clinical and radiographic parameters at 3 and 6 months after surgery. In all, less than half of the patients had achieved their preoperative status 3 months after surgery. Between 3 and 6 months postoperatively, 42 patients experienced less pain, 23 improved in range of hip motion, and 12 improved in strength. According to multivariate regression analysis, the significant factors associated with improvement in walking capacity during this period were an unstable fracture type (p = 0.003), improvement of hip strength (p = 0.006), and improvement of pain (p = 0.03). In conclusion, rehabilitation of patients with trochanteric fractures, particularly in those patients with unstable fractures, should be continued for more than 3 months after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Shoulder function after prosthetic replacement of proximal humerus.

Between 1973 and 1985 eighteen patients with bone tumours and two patients with comminuted fractures had their proximal humerus replaced with a custom made isoelastic hemiendoprosthesis. In 1987 a clinical and radiographical review was performed of eleven patients with a mean follow up time of seven years, range 3-10 years. Four patients had pain at rest and six patients experienced severe pain on exertion. Active range of motion was poor and constituted only half of the corresponding range of passive motion. Shoulder girdle muscles were generally weak, only one patient could keep the arm straight in a flexed or abducted position. All patients had returned to their previous occupations, but their ability to perform ADL functions was poor. Rotator cuff insufficiency was considered to be the major cause of poor shoulder function. In comparison to most other surgical alternatives in tumour cases endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal humerus appears to be a safe and reliable method. The endoprosthesis gives stability to the arm and normal elbow and hand function is preserved.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of walking before and after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. A comparison of different methods.

Walking ability was assessed in twenty patients before and one year after knee replacement with a cemented unicompartmental, Brigham prosthesis (mean age 63.4 years, nine women). All patients had moderate medial gonarthrosis. One year after surgery, knee function, assessed by the BOA score, self-selected and maximal walking speed as well as single limb support of the involved leg were increased. Pain and exertion during walking and oxygen cost of level walking were decreased at all measured speeds. Individual improvement in self-selected walking speed was correlated to improvement in maximal walking speed. Individual decrease of oxygen cost of level walking was correlated to decrease of perceived pain and exertion during walking. For clinical routine purpose clinical assessment, especially of pain, supplemented with measurement of self-selected walking speed were found to be sufficient for assessing effects of treatment such as unicompartmental prosthetic knee replacement.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Asymmetries in ground reaction force patterns in normal human gait.

The purpose of this study was to propose a measure of symmetry/asymmetry for normal human gait and to quantify symmetries/asymmetries of normal human gait for selected gait variables using a force platform. Sixty-two subjects performed ten gait trials each, stepping on the force platform five times with each leg. From these gait trials a symmetry index was calculated for 34 gait variables. The upper and lower limits of normal gait were calculated such that 95% of all symmetry indices obtained from this subject population fell within these limits. Upper and lower limits were found to vary from +/- 4% to over +/- 13,000%. Extremely high percentages were found for variables which had absolute magnitudes close to zero and/or variables which occurred at distinctly different instants during the gait cycle. The results of these variables need to be interpreted with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin type II.

The gene for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin type II (STII) was fused to the genes for protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and beta-galactosidase in two different expression systems. Antibodies raised in rabbits against the protein A-STII fusion protein recognized the beta-galactosidase-STII fusion protein. The latter fusion protein was used as the immobilized antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of STII. The correlation between the results of the ELISA and the intestinal loop test in piglets was 95%, suggesting that the ELISA can be used to reliably detect STII.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mild mental retardation in Gothenburg children born between 1966-70. Changes between two points of time.

Changes between two points of time in prevalence rates and distribution of IQ values in mentally retarded children resident in Gothenburg, Sweden, and born between 1966-70 were analysed. The children at the first census date in 1978 were aged 8-12 years and at the second in 1984 aged 14-18 years. The population-based prevalence rates were 3.7 per 1,000 in 1978 and 3.9 in 1984 for mild mental retardation (MMR; IQ 50-70) and 3.0 and 3.3 respectively for severe mental retardation (SMR; IQ less than 50). The majority (82%) of the MMR children remained on the same intellectual and educational level. The changes that occurred were mainly downwards. Thirteen of the 91 MMR children in the 1978 series demonstrated IQ values below 50 by 1984. Ten of these 13 children had a clear biomedical origin for their retardation, e.g. six with cerebral palsy syndromes. The IQ level of three MMR children had improved to 71-85. Nineteen newcomers were identified as MMR. 14 of these had IQ test scores above 70 in 1978 including one with cerebral palsy and 5 with minimal brain dysfunction syndromes. The prevalence of children registered in the Board for Provisions and Services to the Mentally Retarded, all IQ categories included, increased from 6.7 per 1,000 in 1978 to 8.1 in 1984. One third of this increase was due to the greater recording of youths with an IQ above 75.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Development of intestinal antibodies against Escherichia coli antigens in piglets with experimental neonatal E. coli diarrhoea.

Intestinal immune responses to Escherichia coli antigens were studied in conventionally reared piglets orally infected on the first day of life with a virulent enterotoxigenic E. coli (O149: K88). During the first week of life intestinal antibodies were produced against the homologous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as against the K88 antigen and the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). On Day 7, anti-LPS antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes were detected in most piglets, whereas anti-K88 antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes predominated; antibodies against the enterotoxin were usually of the IgG class. In 21-day-old piglets antibodies of all immunoglobulin classes had usually been produced. In most cases, the levels of intestinal antibodies were substantially higher on Day 21 compared to Day 7, but the levels varied considerably both between and within litters. The intestinal immune responses did not correlate with the severity of clinical symptoms. One-, 7- and 21-day-old piglets reared in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) herd lacked significant intestinal antibodies to the antigens examined. The oral challenge did not stimulate systemic immune responses. After colostral intake, all piglets had high antibody levels in the circulation. These levels decreased continuously during the 3-week study period. The possibility that high amounts of antibodies in colostrum could interfere with this early intestinal antibody formation should be considered when planning vaccination programmes against E. coli diarrhoea in piglets.

Animals↗