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E Otto

Publications and source records attributed to E Otto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Structure and expression of a tandem duplication of the Drosophila metallothionein gene.

A strain of cadmium-resistant Drosophila containing a chromosomal duplication of the metallothionein gene was isolated. This duplication is stably inherited in the absence of selective pressure, and larvae homozygous for it can produce approximately twice as much metallothionein RNA as wild-type larvae. The entire duplication was cloned within a 5.7-kilobase fragment; this fragment contained a direct, tandem repeat of 2.2 kilobases of DNA: 228 bases of 5' flanking DNA, the entire transcription unit, and 1.4 kilobases of 3' flanking sequences. The 3' region of the first repeated unit is joined to the 5' region of the second unit by a 6-base-pair segment we define as the novel joint. This joint forms part of a 10-base-pair inverted repeat of a segment within the 3' region of the first unit. Comparison of the sequences of the 5' and 3' boundaries revealed no extensive regions of similarity at a position corresponding to the novel joint, thus suggesting that a mechanism other than homologous recombination was involved in the origin of this duplication.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a metallothionein gene of Drosophila.

A chromosomal DNA segment containing the metallothionein gene was isolated from a genomic library of Drosophila melanogaster using a previously characterized cDNA of this species as a probe. A segment of 1543 base pair (bp) was sequenced and found to include the cDNA sequence interrupted by one small intron. Several lines of evidence indicate that there is a single copy of the metallothionein gene (Mtn) in Drosophila; any other related genes, if they occur, must be sufficiently different that they are not detectable by our probe, even under hybridization conditions of reduced stringency. According to in situ hybridization and deletion mapping, Mtn is located in the right arm of the third chromosome in region 85E10-15. Within 300 bases upstream of the apparent site of transcription initiation, there are several short intervals very similar to the 12-bp segments considered to be responsible for metal regulation in mammalian systems.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Effects of heavy metals on Drosophila larvae and a metallothionein cDNA.

Drosophila melanogaster larvae reared on food containing radioactive cadmium retained over 80% of it, mostly in the intestinal epithelium. The majority of this radioactivity was associated with a soluble protein of less than 10,000 molecular weight. Synthesis of this cadmium-binding protein was induced by the metal as demonstrated by incorporation of radioactive cysteine. Most copper ingested by larvae was also found to associate with a low molecular weight, inducible protein, but some of it was found in an insoluble fraction. Zinc was unable to, or very inefficient at, binding or inducing the synthesis of a similar protein. A D. melanogaster cDNA clone was isolated based on its more intense hybridization to copies of RNA sequences from copper-fed larvae than from control larvae. This clone showed strong hybridization to mouse metallothionein-I cDNA at reduced stringency. Its nucleotide sequence includes an open-reading segment which codes for a 40-amino acid protein; this protein was identified as metallothionein based on its similarity to the amino-terminal portion of mammalian and crab metalloproteins. The ten cysteine residues present occur in five pairs of near-vicinal cysteines (Cys-X-Cys). This cDNA sequence hybridized to a 400-nucleotide polyadenylated RNA whose presence in the cells of the alimentary canal of larvae was stimulated by ingestion of cadmium or copper; in other tissues this RNA was present at much lower levels. Mercury, silver, and zinc induced metallothionein to a lesser extent. Whether (any of) the protein(s) discussed above correspond(s) to that coded by this RNA sequence has not yet been determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Nucleotide sequence and expression of a Drosophila metallothionein.

A Drosophila melanogaster cDNA clone was isolated based on its more intense hybridization to RNA sequences from copper-fed larvae than from control larval RNA. This clone showed strong hybridization to mouse metallothionein I cDNA at reduced stringency. Its nucleotide sequence includes an open reading segment which codes for a 40-amino acid protein; this protein is identified as metallothionein based on its similarity to the amino-terminal portion of mammalian and crab metalloproteins. The 10 cysteine residues present occur in five pairs of near vicinal cysteines (Cys-X-Cys). This cDNA sequence hybridized to a 400-nucleotide polyadenylated RNA whose presence in the cells of the alimentary canal of larvae was stimulated by ingestion of cadmium or copper; in other tissues this RNA was present at much lower levels. Mercury, silver, and zinc induced metallothionein to a lesser extent. The level of metallothionein RNA increased very soon after the initiation of metal treatment and reached a maximum after approximately 36 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An approach for representing EEG activity.

A method for the representation of EEG-parameters by means of a bidimensional plot of two signals is described. A block diagram is given for the recording of figures with phase-sensitive parameter variations, using an oscilloscope or an X-Y graphic recorder as a display. Charts for the determination of the setting parameters of a digital as well as an analog phase-shifting arrangement are submitted. The method is capable of reflecting individual properties of a single wave and typical characteristics of the epoch as well. It is felt that it may be of benefit in the immediate estimation of EEG-activity changes.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1983

[Electroencephalogram in standardized mental stress: variable trends in the theta, alpha and beta band].

The results, gained in previous studies by means of computer-assisted interval analysis and amplitude analysis, of power spectra as well as of visuomanual pattern evaluation of the EEG during standardized mental load, were related to each other. Described are the significantly requirement-dependent trends of data in there three frequency bands. Under consideration of methodological rules (complementarity, non-reactive measuring, multivariate representation, balanced change-over design, multidimensional data analysis etc.) a characterization of the EEG functional test (graded cognitive strain, eyes opened) is given.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Periods and amplitude distribution parameters of the EEG in mental stress--on the concordance of mechanical and visuomanual methods of evaluation].

Mean frequency, % index and mean amplitudes in 3 frequency bands served as basis for a dynamic comparison of manual and computer assisted EEG analyses in healthy adults. In spite of inevitable methodical deviations it was possible to assume quite a good concordance for the significant data trends with but one exception. Among others the mean frequencies proved to be predicative variables in the EEG functional test with eyes opened. The satisfactory result provides arguments for a greater involvement of automated methods for quantitative description of the EEG activity in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Growth studies of fattening hybrid heifers. 3. Studies of the total retention of fattening hybrid heifers under different energy supply].

These investigations show that daily retention in the course of growth is subject to dynamic changes specific for each nutrient. While there are only insignificant differences between daily live weight growth as the practically usable parameter and body weight growth, daily dry matter deposition takes a comparatively different development. The specific development of dry matter deposition depends on the daily retention of protein and fat. Whereas in early age protein retention is higher, fat retention increases in the course of live weight development in dependence on the energy level. Different energy supply results in distinctly differentiated protein, fat and energy retention per day. The highest variation in daily retention could be ascertained for fat retention in dependence on energy supply. A comparison of the cumulated experimental results with model values generalised from the growth function corresponded well.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Spectrum of nonesterified fatty acids in blood and muscle tissue of swine. 3. Effects of target-oriented deflection of hormonal control circuits].

Gas chromatography was used to study both the relative composition and level of nonesterified fatty acids in the blood of pigs, following target-oriented deflection of two hormonal systems, hypothalamus-pituitary gland-thyroid and hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenal cortex. The findings originally expected were not made. Percentual C-18 was increased, following long-time application of tri-iodothyronine/thyroxine, while c-12 was percentually lowered, as compared to the perchlorate group. Deflection of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenocortical system caused slight alteration in both the composition and overall concentration of blood-borne non-esterified fatty acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Importance of hormone regulation systems to pork quality].

Separately and simultaneously occurring disorders in thyroid and adrenal functional circuits were recorded from 218 land race pigs, 01 line, in several experiments, in the GDR. No detrimental impact on post mortem pork quality was found to have been caused by disorders in each one of the two circuits separately, but measurable defects were established, following malfunction of both circuits. Also studied were consequences of disorders on the hormonal and cardiovascular systems as well as on fattening and slaughter performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Investigations of the lysine requirement of fattening boars in dependence on their performance. 3. Influence of energy consumption on the fat and protein retention of the boars].

The results of the carcass analysis show a distinct influence of the duration of keeping on protein retention. The protein percentage was highest with those animals whose lysine requirement was met 100%. A lysine supplement of 20% of the valid norm had no infuence on the percental protein content. In both cases (100% and 120%) 17.1% protein were determined in the carcass. Concerning the daily protein retention, boars whose protein requirement wes met 120% and with a live weight of more than 90 kg achieved more favourable results than those of the norm variant. Up to 90 kg live weight no difference between the two variants could be detected. Animals which received feed rich in energy showed a very high daily protein retention during the first third of the fattening period, which decreased relatively much, however, in the course of growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Spectrum of nonesterified fatty acids in blood and muscle tissue of swine. 2. Effect of maintenance and electroshock treatments].

The effects of various keeping patterns and electroshock treatments on the overall concentration and percetual composition of unesterified fatty acids in blood and muscular tissue were tested in improved land race pigs, aged 198 days. No differences were established between the groups by keeping. Electroshock treatment (150 V, 0.3 A, 90 Hz) over 60 seconds caused decline in total concentration of unesterified fatty acids in muscular tissue. Total concentration in the blood, however, was not affected by electroshock treatment. The response of trained animals to electroshock was percentual increase of oleic and palmitic acids in blood and muscle, while the percentages of the same fatty acids dropped in untrained animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[EEG-activity patterns in visual information processing: characteristics, variance-analytical deliminiation, discriminance-analytical determination of undispensable variables and scale level].

1. In order to determine the variable distributions of 5 activation dependent EEG activity patterns occurring during visual information processing, mean values and standard deviations of the percental quantities of the frequencies 4, 5, ..., 13 Hz, 14 to 20 Hz and 21 to 30 Hz, as well as the mean amplitudes in the frequency bands 3.5 ... 7.4 Hz, 7.5 ... 13.4 Hz and 13.5 to 30 Hz were determined on corresponding to 10 s samples. It could be demonstrated by regression analysis that an interval scale level can be assumed already on the basis of cethe percental quantities in the three last mentioned frequency bands. 2. On the basis of 18 relevant variables, all the adjacent activity patterns could be separated from each other by means of univariate variance analysis at pairwise mean value comparison by at least two variables. 3. After stepwise reduction of dispensable variables in the framework of a linear discriminance analysis an optimal set of variables was determined, comprising the percental quantities of the frequencies 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 Hz, and 14 to 20 Hz, as well as the mean value of the amplitudes in the frequency band 3.5 to 7.4 Hz. In 4 our of 5 elementary discriminance functions, the mean values calculated for each pattern were significantly distinguishable from each other (analysis of variance, Newman-Keuls test). 4. By linear regression analysis it could be shown that the classification system of the EEG activity patterns at visual information processing can be mapped on an interval scale after the reduction of variables, too. Finally, data about the reliability of the scoring procedure are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Studies of the spectrum of nonesterified fatty acids in blood and muscle tissue of swine. 1. Effect of genotype (muscular substance)].

The percentual composition of unesterified fatty acids in M. longissimus dorsi was determined by means of gas chromatography, and its correlations with the given genotype and pork condition were studied. Polyene fatty acids recorded from the Piétrain race deviated (C-18:2, C-18:3, C-20:4) from values recorded from large white and improved land race pigs. Animals of PSE nature were like Piétrain probands, in that their monoene acids were higher and diene acids lower by percentage than the comparable values in animals of normal pork condition.

Animals↗