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Biomedical subjects

E Raik

Publications and source records attributed to E Raik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Australasian CD34+ quality assurance program and rationale for the clinical utility of the single-platform method for CD34+ cell enumeration.

BACKGROUND: Enumeration of CD34(+) cells should be accurate and comparable between institutions, particularly when making clinical decisions, evaluating data, and in clinical trials. An Australasian CD34(+) quality assurance program (QAP) has been established to compare CD34(+) cell results and method (Part 1). Unexpected variation in WBCCs led to Part 2 of this report. METHODS: Part 1: Methods reagents and results were evaluated for 12 QAP samples analyzed by 36-43 centers. Part 2: The effects of different anticoagulants on WBCC of 12 peripheral blood samples (PBs) were compared using three cell counters. To test the validity of applying the conclusions to clinical samples, the WBCCs of leukapheresed products and BM harvest were also compared. RESULTS: Part 1: In some samples, WBCCs determined by certain cell-counter groups were significantly different. Results for percentage of CD34(+) and CD34(+)/microL suggest that standardization on the lyse-no-wash and single platform (SP) method reduces variation of results between institutions. Part 2: Using different counters, PB WBCC in ACD-A showed greater variation than the same PB in EDTA. For PB in different anticoagulants, the extent of difference in WBCC for the same PB is dependent on the counter used. DISCUSSION: This CD34 QAP has identified ACD-A as an additional factor that contributes to the disparate WBCCs, which may further compromise the accuracy of CD34(+) cell counts obtained by the dual platform (DP) method, especially for leukapheresed products. In order to achieve greater accuracy within individual institutions, as well as permitting more reliable inter-institutional comparisons, our data supports the adoption of the SP as the standard method for CD34(+) cell enumeration.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1992

Capnocytophaga canimorsus septicemia associated with cat scratch.

A case is reported of Capnocytophaga canimorsus (formerly CDC group DF-2) septicemia following cat scratch in a patient with congenital asplenia. The case is of interest in that (1) the clinical presentation provided no indication as to the cause of the patient's illness. (2) C. canimorsus infection following cat bite or scratch has been reported far less frequently than following dog bite. (3) The clinical course of the illness may have been modified by previous and concurrent warfarin therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hemoglobin aggregation and pseudosickling in vitro of hemoglobin Setif-containing erythrocytes.

Erythrocytes from individuals heterozygous for hemoglobin Setif (alpha 94 Asp----Tyr) sickle in vitro without deoxygenation when incubated in chloride buffer due to hemoglobin aggregation. We now report quantitative studies of hemoglobin polymerization and deformability in these cells. Hemoglobin polymer gradually increased in intact cells during a 24 h incubation period at 24 degrees C. After 24 hr, about 80% of the cells in 290 mOsm sodium chloride buffer contained polymer which appeared as short rods compared to greater than 99% containing polymer at 450 mOsm. Similar proportions of cells were morphologically sickled. Deformability of erythrocytes with 40% hemoglobin Setif incubated in 290 mOsm buffer at 37 degrees C decreased to 80% of normal by 210 min but in 450 mOsm decreased to 50% after only 30 min as measured by the ektacytometer. However, at 4 degrees C deformability remained normal even in 450 mOsm buffer. The solubility of gelled hemolysate containing 40% hemoglobin Setif was 24 g/dl and 21 g/dl at 290 and 459 mOsm buffer respectively. The gel persisted at 4 degrees C with a solubility of 26 g/dl, but melted when dialyzed into sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate buffer. These data suggest that hemoglobin polymerization, reduced deformability, and sickling of hemoglobin Setif-containing erythrocytes are related to reduced hemoglobin solubility. The rate and extent of intracellular polymerization in vitro are considerably reduced (as in the case of sickle trait) compared with erythrocytes from individuals with sickle cell anemia. Hence, the slower kinetics of hemoglobin aggregation in hemoglobin Setif-containing cells provide an alternate system for studying hemoglobin polymerization and abnormal rheology.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1987

Pseudosickling of hemoglobin Setif.

Hemoglobin Setif produces pseudosickling of red cells in vitro; the nature of the process and the conditions that "trigger" it are unknown. Studies of red cells, hemolysates, purified hemoglobin solutions, and artificial mixtures of Hb A and Setif suggest that pseudosickling is produced by intracellular crystallization of insoluble hemoglobin. Increased tonicity of the suspending medium accentuates the process, probably by causing a rise in intracellular hemoglobin concentration. If precipitates from A/Setif mixtures are analyzed, they always contain Hb A, suggesting an unusual mechanism for the process. Despite the fact that osmolality in the renal medulla is similar to that which produces pseudosickling in vitro, carriers do not have renal dysfunction of the type found in patients with sickle cell disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hemoglobin Setif and in vitro pseudosickling noted in a family with co-existent alpha and beta thalassemia.

A Turkish Cypriot family was investigated for suspected heterozygous sickle cell disease, which had been reported in a maternal branch of the family resident in England. Two maternal grandparents were of African Negro origin. Pseudosickling was noted in members of the family who were found to have an abnormal hemoglobin fraction. This abnormal fraction proved to be Hemoglobin Setif (alpha 94 Asp leads to Tyr). Family studies demonstrated the presence of this hemoglobin in varying proportions in the mother and 2 of the 4 children. alpha and beta thalassemia traits are also present in several family members.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Heinz-body haemolysis in haemodialysed patients caused by chloramines in Sydney tap water.

In August 1981, there was an outbreak of Heinz-body-positive haemolytic anaemia among patients who were undergoing dialysis in Sydney Hospital. This appeared to be due to excessive chloramines in and inadequate carbon filtration of, the water used for haemodialysis. After improvement of the carbon filtration system, there have been no further cases of anaemia.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1982

An evaluation of the ELT-8 hematology analyzer.

The TMELT-8 Hematology Analyzer is a fully automated cell counter which utilizes laser light scattering and hydrodynamic focusing to provide an 8 parameter whole blood count. The instrument consists of a sample handler with ticket printer, and a data handler with visual display unit, It accepts 100 microliter samples of venous or capillary blood and prints the values for WCC, RCC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet count on to a standard result card. All operational and quality control functions, including graphic display of relative cell size distribution, can be obtained from the visual display unit and can also be printed as a permanent record if required. In a limited evaluation of the ELT-8, precision, linearity, accuracy, lack of sample carry-over and user acceptance were excellent. Reproducible values were obtained for all parameters after overnight storage of samples. Reagent usage and running costs were lower than for the Coulter S and the Coulter S Plus. The ease of processing capillary samples was considered to be a major advantage. The histograms served to alert the operator to a number of abnormalities, some of which were clinically significant.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1980

A fatal case of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

A fatal case of acute low-titer wide-thermal-range cold agglutinin disease is reported. High-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis failed to control hemolysis. This uncommon syndrome is discussed, and current approaches to treatment are reviewed.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1980

Cerebrospinal fluid involvement in patients with adult acute leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

One hundred and thirty-four cases of adult acute leukaemia and 212 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated by the Combined Haematology Division of Sydney Hospital over a four year period were reviewed to establish the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The sole diagnostic criterion considered was positive cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) cytology. The detected incidences of 21% and 5 . 2% respectively in long term surviving adults with leukaemia and those with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are similar to other series. Unusual findings were the relatively low incidence of involvement in acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and unexpectedly high incidence in diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Cytocentrifugation using the Cytospin has proved to be a useful technique in detecting small numbers of abnormal cells in the CSF.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Haematological and biochemical abnormalities associated with intralipid hyperalimentation.

Haematological and biochemical parameters were monitored in six patients during Intralipid hyperalimentation. A mild anaemia was consistently observed, accompanied by morphological changes in red cells, granulocytes, and platelets. All patients demonstrated an abnormally high percentage of plasma cholesterol in the unesterified form and altered plasma cholesterol esterification, but red cells were not uniformly enriched in cholesterol. These findings stress the need for careful monitoring during Intralipid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Quinine-induced agranulocytosis: toxic effect of quinine bisulphate on bone marrow cultures in vitro.

In a case of quinine-induced agranulocytosis marrow culture studies confirmed the inhibitory effect on the patient's cells of equivalent therapeutic plasma concentrations of quinine. Similar concentrations had no effect on normal marrow cells. Quinidine, the stereoisomer of quinine, had no effect on either cells from the patient or normal cells. The results encourage the use of in-vitro bone marrow cultures for identifying drugs responsible for agranulocytosis.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1976

Study of a large Anglo-Saxon family with beta-thalassaemia trait.

Study of a large Anglo-Saxon family with beta-thalassaemia trait revealed evidence of consanguinity, moreover both branches of the family shared a Spanish ancestor. The manifestations of the disorder were varied in severity and yet the degree of severity appeared to breed true within any individual part of the family. Our explanation for the inheritance pattern observed in the family was to postulate the existence of two non-allelic genes influencing the rate of beta-chain synthesis.

Adolescent↗