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Biomedical subjects

E Roux

Publications and source records attributed to E Roux.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Lack of association between antiphospholipid antibodies and migraine.

We prospectively studied the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and various haemostatic parameters in 71 patients with migraine and compared the results with a control group of 32 subjects with back pain never having experienced migraine. The patients with migraine were divided into two groups: group I with migraine without (n = 18) and with aura lasting less than 60 min (n = 24) and group II with migraine with prolonged aura or migrainous infarction (complicated migraine, n = 29). The following results were obtained: a) no difference in aCL positivity was noted between migrainous patients and controls and between common migraine and complicated migraine patients and b) no statistically significant difference in haemostatic parameters (except for thrombin-antithrombin III complexes) was found between the two groups of migraine and between aCL positive and negative migrainous patients. These data suggest that anticardiolipin antibodies are not involved in the pathogenesis of migraine complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of mixed chimerism in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia transplanted with T-cell-depleted bone marrow: involvement of different hematologic lineages before and after relapse.

We have characterized mixed chimerism (MC) in five patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who received transplants with T-cell-depleted bone marrow (BM) and who relapsed within 4 years after transplantation. To study the possible relation of MC with relapse, we purified different populations of leukocytes and analyzed their donor/recipient origin by a method based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of minisatellite DNA regions. Our results show that before relapse, all hematopoietic recipient cells are T cells, whereas monocytes, B, and natural killer (NK) cells are of donor origin. This observation does not appear to be specific for CML as similar results were found in two control patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). At the time of (CML) relapse, recipient granulocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes appeared and progressively replaced the respective lineages of donor origin. No other lineages seemed to be involved as B cells and NK cells remained of donor origin and no significant changes in the number of recipient T cells were detected. In this respect relapse of CML after BM transplantation (BMT) seems not to be very different from the primary disease in chronic phase before transplantation. Furthermore, we conclude that after BMT, an association between mixed chimerism before relapse and the (CML) relapse does exist because both phenomena are consequences of T-cell depletion of the BM graft. However, this correlation might well be indirect as the MC caused by the recipient T cells appears to be independent of the one caused by the recurrent disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunolocalization of oviductin in endocytic compartments in the blastomeres of developing embryos in the golden hamster.

We have previously localized an antigen of oviductal origin in the zona pellucida of superovulated hamster ova. This antigen is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein that is secreted by the nonciliated secretory cells of the oviduct and later is transferred to the zona pellucida of the oocyte during oviductal transit. This glycoprotein is rich in N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues and has been designated Hamster Oviductin-1. In the present study, we have examined the intracellular localization of the oviductin in the blastomeres of developing embryos of the golden hamster. Seventeen cycling females were used for the localization and detection of the oviductin in oviductal oocytes and early embryos. Thin sections of hamster 1-cell oocytes, and 2-cell, and 8-cell embryos, embedded in Lowicryl and then incubated with the monoclonal antibody against the oviductin, revealed a homogenous distribution of antigenic sites in the matrix of the zona pellucida. While immunogold labeling was completely absent in the cytoplasm of 1-cell ova prior to fertilization, labeling was found associated with coated pits and coated vesicles and with flocculent material in the perivitelline space of fertilized eggs. In addition to these labeled endocytic structures, many endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and secondary lysosomes were also found to be labeled heavily in the cytoplasm of developing embryos. Our results indicate that following the transfer of Hamster Oviductin-1 to the zona pellucida of oocytes during transit in the oviduct and subsequent to fertilization, some of the oviductin associated with the zona pellucida appears to be internalized by blastomeres of the embryo and further processed through the endosomal/lysosomal pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Detection of chimaerism after bone marrow transplantation using the double amplification refractory mutation system.

We have developed a highly sensitive double amplification refractory mutation system (double ARMS) for the detection of extremely low levels of mixed chimaerism after bone marrow transplantation. The system we chose for double ARMS analysis is a highly polymorphic region 5' to the human delta-globin gene. Double ARMS analysis was found to correlate well with an established minisatellite system and was shown to demonstrate a very low level of mixed chimaerism in cases undetectable by the latter method.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent CML after BMT.

Three patients with CML who relapsed after transplantation with T-depleted BM from their HLA-identical siblings were treated with transfusions of donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in combination with (short) IFN alpha 2 therapy. CML was successfully controlled as shown by the complete disappearance of Philadelphia-positive metaphases within 90 days of treatment. This treatment appears to be very effective as neither bcr-abl transcripts nor markers specific for hematological cells of recipient origin could be detected by very sensitive PCR techniques. Two patients treated in chronic phase are without evidence of disease 300 and 360 days after treatment. The third patient, treated in accelerated phase, died with BM aplasia, 39 days following PBMC infusions. Failure to detect residual donor-derived granulocytes, as was the case in this patient prior to initiating adoptive immunotherapy, may indicate loss of donor-derived BM activity. This may help predict and possibly prevent the occurrence of life-threatening aplasia after successful clearance of malignant hematopoiesis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Evolution of mixed chimerism after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as determined on granulocytes and mononuclear cells by the polymerase chain reaction.

To evaluate the clinical relevance of mixed chimerism (MC) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we developed a method based on amplification of DNA minisatellites by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This sensitive method by which MC lower than 1% can be detected is applicable to any patient-donor pair. Furthermore, because the analysis requires only small amounts of DNA, it allowed us to analyze samples early after BMT and during graft rejection. Results were obtained within 48 hours after blood sampling. Determination of MC in granulocytes (GR) and in mononuclear cells (Mnc) was performed in 20 patients treated for various hematologic malignancies. In patients who received untreated BM, recipient cells disappeared rapidly after BMT. In patients transplanted with T-cell-depleted BM, MC occurred in 15 of 16 cases. The percentage of host Mnc was always significantly higher than the percentage of host GR. The evolution of MC in patients who received T-cell-depleted marrow showed distinct patterns depending on whether patients remained in continuous complete remission, relapsed, or rejected their grafts. During complete remission, a relatively stable and significant number of host cells could be detected during the first 2 years after transplantation. Thereafter, their number decreased, but even after 4 years, low numbers of host cells could persist. When the patients relapsed, an increase in host Mnc was monitored without significant changes in the number of donor Mnc. In contrast, after the relapse, donor GR were no longer detected. Two cases of graft rejection were studied. Directly after the onset of the rejection, donor GR and Mnc disappeared rapidly. During that period, no significant changes in the number of host Mnc were detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The role of prior knowledge on back-pain education.

To investigate the effectiveness of the Geneva Back School (BS), we studied certain aspects of the retention of what was taught and the changes it induced in the patients. Thirty-nine BS patients were asked to draw their backs both before and after the BS. They were also asked to define the terms arthrosis and herniated disc once before the BS and twice after the program. Analysis of 78 drawings showed that the representation of the back was far from anatomical reality in both instances. The definitions of terms correlated poorly between patients and health care professional before BS. Teaching increased patient knowledge, but did not delete patients' prior notions. Our findings indicate that teaching strategies need to take into account patients' beliefs and knowledge. Health care professionals involved in BS programs should also be aware of the possible misunderstanding of medical terms. These factors may explain, at least partially, BS failures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Avoidance of endotoxin-induced inflammation during studies of albumin clearance from caprine joints.

Intra-articular injection of radiolabelled, commercial goat serum albumin (GSA) produces acute arthritis in caprine joints. This inflammation distorts clearance values and vitiates studies of normal lymphatic function. Endotoxin, routinely found in commercial albumin preparations, appears to cause this local reaction. We describe a simple method for the preparation of low-endotoxin, radioiodinated serum albumin from aseptically collected serum. We have used this technique to prepare GSA for use as a tracer molecule in clearance studies of synovial joint lymphatic function. The isolated protein exhibits antigenic and chemical characteristics indistinguishable from those of commercial GSA but contains at least 1000-fold less endotoxin. In contrast to commercial GSA preparations, this albumin does not produce local inflammation when injected into synovial joints and is cleared from caprine joints in the normal monoexponential manner. Low levels of endotoxin seriously distort studies of articular albumin kinetics and may induce comparable artifacts when commercial protein preparations are used to study other physiological systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetic parameters of recombinant mast cell growth factor (rMGF).

The gene product of the murine Steel (Sl) locus encodes an early-acting hematopoietic growth factor that is a ligand for the c-kit protooncogene. Several cDNAs for the Sl gene product, known as mast cell growth factor (MGF), stem cell factor (SCF), or kit ligand (KL), have recently been isolated, and both soluble and membrane-associated versions have been shown to be biologically active. The potential for therapeutic usage of recombinant MGF (rMGF) indicated a need for determining the biodistribution and elimination parameters of this cytokine. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that radiolabeled rMGF had a distribution half-life of 2 min and an elimination half-life of 2.1 h in wild-type mice following iv injection, during which a striking localization of labeled rMGF in the lungs was noted. When administered by subcutaneous injection the elimination half-life was prolonged to 8.4 h. The primary sites of rMGF elimination appeared to be the kidneys and the liver. Pharmacokinetic analysis of labeled rMGF in mutant Sl/Sld mice, which are mast cell deficient, demonstrated similar distribution and elimination half-lives compared to wild-type mice (1.4 min and 1.8 h, respectively). In addition, the biodistribution pattern of the labeled rMGF in Sl/Sld mice was similar to that observed in wild-type mice, including the striking localization to the lungs. Binding of radiolabeled rMGF to lungs in vivo subsequent to iv injection was completely inhibited by excess unlabeled rMGF. Interestingly, mice that received an iv injection of the higher doses of rMGF (15 micrograms) demonstrated profound respiratory distress and hypotension within minutes of administration. Histologic analysis of lungs from such mice revealed extensive mast cell degranulation, which was associated with vasodilatation and pronounced hyperemia of virtually all pulmonary vessels. The respiratory distress in normal mice was probably a consequence of mast cell degranulation induced by rMGF since similar findings were not observed in Sl/Sld mice injected with identical concentrations of rMGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Changes of glycoconjugate contents of the zona pellucida during oocyte growth and development in the golden hamster: a quantitative cytochemical study.

We demonstrated here with the high resolution lectin-gold approach and quantitative analysis, changes of glycoconjugates in the hamster zona pellucida (ZP) during oocyte growth and development in the ovary and the oviduct. Glycoconjugates which contain N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as terminal sugar residues are absent in the ovary but are secreted by secretory cells in the oviduct and are added to the ZP of superovulated oocytes during oviductal transit. Glycoconjugates which carry sialic acid as terminal sugar residues appear to be acquired mainly from the ovary. The oviduct contributes little of this particular component to the ZP during the transit of oocytes in the oviduct. On the contrary D-galactose and N-acetylglucosamine associated glycoconjugates, added to the ZP in ovarian follicles, are also secreted by non-ciliated oviductal epithelial cells and these secretory products are transferred to the ZP in significant amount during passage of the oocyte through the oviduct. Lectin-gold labeling of the ZP of superovulated oocytes reveals homogeneous distribution of gold particles throughout the zona matrix. Thus, we conclude that the ZP of hamster superovulated oocytes consists of glycoconjugates that may derive from different origins. Deposition of ZP glycocomponents begins in the ovary. Similar and new glycoconjugates, secreted by oviductal non-ciliated secretory cells, are added to the ZP of oocytes during oviductal transit. At this stage the ZP is made up of a homogeneous matrix of glycoconjugates.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Demonstration by lectin-gold cytochemistry of transfer of glycoconjugates of oviductal origin to the zona pellucida of oocytes after ovulation in hamsters.

We have previously localized an antigen of oviductal origin to the zona pellucida of superovulated hamster oocytes (Kan et al.: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 36:1441-1447, 1988) and described the intracellular distribution of this antigen in the oviductal epithelium (Kan et al.: Biology of Reproduction 40:585-598, 1989). These results led to our hypothesis that the oviduct is a bona fide site of origin of certain components of the zona pellucida. In this report, using the high resolution lectin-gold approach with Helix pomatia lectin (HPL)-colloidal gold complex, we present cytochemical evidence to show that glycoconjugates containing terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues are absent from the zona pellucida of ovarian oocytes but are synthesized and secreted by the nonciliated secretory cells of the oviduct and later become associated with well-defined structural elements of the zona matrix of oocytes during passage through the oviduct. The nature of the HPL-binding glycoconjugates was determined by biochemical analyses. Electrophoretic and immunological experiments demonstrated that the glycoconjugates correspond to the high molecular weight polydispersed glycoprotein that we have previously described. We have designated this glycoprotein "hamster oviductin 1" (Hm OV-1). Our results further substantiate the belief that the oviduct is a source of origin of zona pellucida constituents.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Rheumatologic complications in patients treated with intermittent hemodialysis].

Long-term hemodialysis is complicated by rheumatological problems. They can vary from pain syndromes without clinical signs to severe destructive arthritis. The latter is often associated with severe disability. Its origin can be related to deposition of amyloid or synovial overloading with aluminium or iron. Different factors influence its occurrence, such as the type of dialysis membrane used or the quantity of aluminium consumed by these hemodialysed patients. The authors evaluated the frequency and the type of rheumatic disorders in the hemodialysis center of the HCU in Geneva. A comparison of these findings with previous reports is presented and the etiopathogenesis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Circadian regulation of bioluminescence in Gonyaulax involves translational control.

A 10-fold circadian variation in the amount of luciferin binding protein (LBP) in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra is reported. This protein binds and stabilizes luciferin, the bioluminescence substrate. In early night phase, when bioluminescence is increasing and LBP levels are rising in the cell, pulse labeling experiments show that LBP is being rapidly synthesized in vivo. At other times, the rate of LBP synthesis is at least 50 times lower, while the rate of synthesis of most other proteins remains the same. The LBP mRNA levels, as determined by in vitro translations and by RNA (Northern) hybridizations, do not vary over the daily cycle, indicating that circadian control of bioluminescence in this species is mediated by translation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The cell-specific transcription factor PTF1 contains two different subunits that interact with the DNA.

The cognate sequence of transcription factor PTF1, which plays a key role in pancreas-specific gene expression, has a bipartite organization. Two separate DNA domains, the A and the B boxes, are required for efficient binding of the factor. The structure of PTF1 was elucidated by cross-linking purified PTF1 to DNA templates that had been differentially substituted with azido-deoxyuridine (N3.dU). This site-directed UV cross-linking shows that PTF1 contains two DNA-binding proteins, distinct in size and sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. A 64-kD protein is cross-linked with DNA containing N3.dU substitutions in the A box, and a 48-kD protein is cross-linked with DNA containing N3.dU substitutions in the B box. Both proteins bind simultaneously to the same DNA molecule. The data indicate that PTF1 is a heteromeric oligomer and that its cell-specific DNA-binding potential is the result of a concerted activity of two DNA-binding subunits.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Type VIII collagen has a restricted distribution in specialized extracellular matrices.

A pepsin-resistant triple helical domain (chain 50,000 Mr) of type VIII collagen was isolated from bovine corneal Descemet's membrane and used as an immunogen for the production of mAbs. An antibody was selected for biochemical and tissue immunofluorescence studies which reacted both with Descemet's membrane and with type VIII collagen 50,000-Mr polypeptides by competition ELISA and immunoblotting. This antibody exhibited no crossreactivity with collagen types I-VI by competition ELISA. The mAb specifically precipitated a high molecular mass component of type VIII collagen (EC2, of chain 125,000 Mr) from the culture medium of subconfluent bovine corneal endothelial cells metabolically labeled for 24 h. In contrast, confluent cells in the presence of FCS and isotope for 7 d secreted a collagenous component of chain 60,000 Mr that did not react with the anti-type VIII collagen IgG. Type VIII collagen therefore appears to be synthesized as a discontinuous triple helical molecule with a predominant chain 125,000 Mr by subconfluent, proliferating cells in culture. Immunofluorescence studies with the mAb showed that type VIII collagen was deposited as fibrils in the extracellular matrix of corneal endothelial cells. In the fetal calf, type VIII collagen was absent from basement membranes and was found in a limited number of tissues. In addition to the linear staining pattern observed in the Descemet's membrane, type VIII collagen was found in highly fibrillar arrays in the ocular sclera, in the meninges surrounding brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve, and in periosteum and perichondrium. Fine fibrils were evident in the white matter of spinal cord, whereas a more generalized staining was apparent in the matrices of cartilage and bone. Despite attempts to unmask the epitope, type VIII collagen was not found in aorta, kidney, lung, liver, skin, and ligament. We conclude that this unusual collagen is a component of certain specialized extracellular matrices, several of which are derived from the neural crest.

Animals↗