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Biomedical subjects

E Söderling

Publications and source records attributed to E Söderling.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The effect of liquorice extract-containing starch gel on the amount and microbial composition of plaque.

The aim of this study was to find out whether liquorice-containing starch gel could affect plaque accumulation and its microbial composition. Sixteen healthy volunteers (mean age: 30.4+/-6.9 years) used 6 g of either control [8% acid-hydrolyzed corn starch, 25% maltitol syrup, water (w/w)] or liquorice gel (control + 2.5% liquorice extract), three times a day for 2 weeks. The gels were used in a random order with a 2-week washout period in between. At the end of each fortnight, plaque was allowed to accumulate for 2 days and all available plaque from the right side of the mouth was collected, weighed, and transferred to transport medium. The plaque on the left side was dyed and photographed in a standardized manner. Mutans streptococci, total streptococci, and facultative bacteria were assessed from the plaque using plate culturing. Plaque index (0-5) of incisors and canines on the left side was evaluated from the photographs. The clinical study was preceded by an in vivo acid production test. The acid production from gels containing 2.5-10% liquorice extract was monitored with a microelectrode. The in vivo acid production potential of the maltitol-containing starch gel was about 50% compared to the sucrose control. Liquorice inhibited acid production from the gel. In the clinical study, the weight of plaque after consumption of the liquorice gel did not differ from that of the control gel. No differences were found in the microbial counts nor in the plaque index between the two gels. In addition, the liquorice gel had no effect on the stability of the predominant bacterial populations of the plaque samples of 16 individuals as detected by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. In conclusion, an addition of liquorice extract to starch-containing gel with a low acid production potential had no effect on the plaque formed during a 2-week gel consumption period.

Acids↗
PubMed2003

Frequent exposure to invasive medical care in early childhood and operative dental treatment associated with dental apprehension of children at 9 years of age.

AIM: This was to study prospectively a cohort of children as to whether behaviour at a 3-year examination, exposure to medical care and operative dental treatment are associated with each other, and with the level of dental apprehension at 9 years of age. METHODS: Data were collected at three subsequent dental examinations of 126 children (67 boys, 59 girls). Cooperation, general health condition and operative dental treatment during the preceding 3 years were obtained at dental examinations with 3-year intervals, i.e. at 3, 6 and 9 years of age. Children's dental apprehension was assessed at the age of 9 years. The data were analysed using an ordinal logistic regression model. RESULTS: Dental apprehension at 9 years of age was associated with frequent exposure to invasive medical care (p<0.001) and past experience of operative dental care (p<0.002), but not with cooperation at 3 years of age (p=0.124). CONCLUSION: Frequent invasive medical care in early childhood and operative dental treatment, tooth extractions in particular, are associated with dental apprehension at 9 years of age.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2001

Bioactive glass S53P4 in repair of septal perforations and its interactions with the respiratory infection-associated microorganisms Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Interpositional grafts between mucoperiosteal flaps are commonly used in the repair of septal perforations. We studied the use of bioactive glass (BAG) S53P4 as an interpositional graft in 11 patients suffering from septal perforations. In aqueous environments, ions are released from the BAG and the pH rises in its vicinity, both of which may influence the growth and adhesion of microorganisms. Thus, we also studied the effects of the BAG S53P4 as granules or discs on the respiratory infection-associated microorganisms Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Growth inhibition was studied using an agar plate test and adhesion was analyzed both with and without serum precoating of the BAG S53P4. The perforations were successfully closed in 10 of 11 patients. One patient had a near total septum perforation, which could not be closed. No BAG-associated infections were seen during the follow-up. The BAG S53P4 did not show any clear growth inhibition of the microorganisms, which showed low adhesion to the material. Serum precoating increased the adsorption. Thus, uncoated BAG S53P4 seems to be a good graft in the repair of septal perforations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of water storage of E-glass fiber-reinforced composite on adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.

This study investigated the effect of water storage of fiber-reinforced composite on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and its ability to stay adhered and multiply on the FRC. The materials (E-glass fibers and denture base polymer) were stored in water for 14 or 30 days or left dry. Water contact angles of the materials before and after water storage were determined. Test specimens, with or without parotid saliva or serum pellicle, were incubated in a suspension of S. mutans allowing initial adhesion to occur. Bacterial adhesion and multiplication was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Contact angles of both materials were significantly reduced after water storage indicating an increase in surface free energy. When studied without a surface pellicle, water storage significantly increased adhesion of S. mutans to both glass and polymer. Saliva coating of the materials resulted in higher degree of adhesion to glass fibers in comparison with polymer and after 14 days water storage glass bound over twice as much S. mutans cells than the polymer matrix. Bacterial growth and biofilm formation occurred equally on both materials. The results of this in vitro study suggest that in order to avoid the possible increase in S. mutans adhesion, the reinforcing glass fibers should be covered with the matrix polymer of the composite.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2001

A prospective study on sucrose consumption, visible plaque and caries in children from 3 to 6 years of age.

OBJECTIVES: As data on the association of sugar consumption and dental caries in the industrialized countries give mixed results, we prospectively studied this association in 135 healthy Finnish children (71 boys, 64 girls). METHODS: The dental health and oral hygiene of the children was first examined at the mean age (+/-SD) of 37.4 (+/-2.1) months and again at 73.7 (+/-2.6) months. On both occasions the parents were interviewed about the child's sweet intake and toothbrushing habits, and sucrose consumption was analyzed using 4-day food diaries. RESULTS: The proportion of children with caries experience, enamel and dentin lesions combined, increased from 16% to 40%. Daily sucrose intake of children who developed caries by 6 years of age, whether expressed as absolute (g) or as relative (E%) amounts, was already higher at 3 years of age than that of children who stayed caries-free (P<0.05 and P<0.03, respectively). Furthermore, children who used sweets more than once a week at 3 years of age, consumed more sucrose 3 years later (P<0.01) than those who used sweets once a week or less. The proportion of children with a combination of a sweet intake more than once a week and visible plaque, increased (P<0.05) during the follow-up. The risk ratio of children with the combined risk habit at 3 years of age to develop carious lesions by 6 years of age was 1.7 compared to the rest of the children (95% confidence interval 0.9-3.0). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the manifestation of dental caries at 6 years of age seemed to be associated with a higher daily sucrose intake that had started already at 3 years of age. Moreover, a combination of sweet intake more than once a week and visible plaque at 3 years of age may be predictive of dental health 3 years later.

Candy↗
PubMed2000

Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to an E-glass fiber-reinforced composite and conventional restorative materials used in prosthetic dentistry.

The adherence of Streptococcus mutans to E-glass used in fiber-reinforced composites, denture base polymer, and four other restoratives was investigated. The materials were studied with and without a parotid saliva and serum pellicle. Specimens of the studied materials (E-glass, denture base polymer, titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, gold alloy, and grained feldspar ceramic) were incubated in a suspension of S. mutans, allowing initial adhesion to occur. The degree of bacterial adhesion was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied uncoated materials showed rather similar adhesion of S. mutans. Saliva coating resulted in a decrease of adherence to all materials except glass. With a saliva pellicle E-glass showed the strongest ability to bind S. mutans, and it differed significantly from the other studied materials. Serum coating markedly decreased adhesion to all materials, and only minor differences among the studied materials were observed. The results of this study suggest that the studied restoratives are rather similar with respect to S. mutans adhesion and that a saliva pellicle may promote adhesion of S. mutans to glass fibers.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2000

Influence of maternal xylitol consumption on acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants.

Xylitol is effective as a non-cariogenic sugar substitute. Habitual xylitol consumption appears to select for mutans streptococci (MS) with impaired adhesion properties, i.e., they shed easily to saliva from plaque. One hundred sixty-nine mother-child pairs participated in a two-year study exploring whether the mothers' xylitol consumption could be used to prevent mother-child transmission of mutans streptococci. All mothers showed high salivary levels of mutans streptococci during pregnancy. The mothers in the xylitol group (n = 106) were requested to chew xylitol-sweetened gum (65% w/w) at least 2 or 3 times a day, starting three months after delivery. In the two control groups, the mothers received either chlorhexidine (n = 30) or fluoride (n = 33) varnish treatments at 6, 12, and 18 months after delivery. The children did not chew gum or receive varnish treatments. MS were assessed from the mothers' saliva at half-year intervals and from the children's plaque at the one- and two-year examinations. The MS were cultured on Mitis salivarius agars containing bacitracin. The salivary MS levels of the mothers remained high and not significantly different among the three study groups throughout the study. At two years of age, 9.7% of the children in the xylitol, 28.6% in the chlorhexidine, and 48.5% in the fluoride varnish group showed a detectable level of MS. In conclusion, therefore, habitual xylitol consumption by mothers was associated with a statistically significant reduction of the probability of mother-child transmission of MS assessed at two years of age. The effect was superior to that obtained with either chlorhexidine or fluoride varnish treatments performed as single applications at six-month intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Occurrence of dental decay in children after maternal consumption of xylitol chewing gum, a follow-up from 0 to 5 years of age.

Studies have shown that prevention of mutans streptococci (MS) colonization in early childhood can lead to prevention of dental decay. In the microbiological part of the present study in Ylivieska, Finland, with 195 mothers with high salivary MS levels, regular maternal use of xylitol chewing gum resulted in a statistically significant reduction in MS colonization in their children's teeth at the age of 2 years compared with teeth in children whose mothers received fluoride or chlorhexidine varnish treatment. The children did not chew gum or receive varnish treatments. For the present study, the children were examined annually for caries occurrence by experienced clinicians who did not know whether the children were colonized with MS. Regardless of the maternal prevention group, the presence of MS colonization in children at the age of 2 years was significantly related to each child's age at the first caries attack in the primary dentition. In children at the age of 5 years, the dentinal caries (dmf) in the xylitol group was reduced by about 70% as compared with that in the fluoride or chlorhexidine group. We conclude that maternal use of xylitol chewing gum can prevent dental caries in their children by prohibiting the transmission of MS from mother to child.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1999

Interactions between the bioactive glass S53P4 and the atrophic rhinitis-associated microorganism klebsiella ozaenae.

In an aqueous environment, ions are released from a bioactive glass (BAG) and the pH rises in its vicinity. This may influence both growth and colonization of microorganisms. We studied the effects of the BAG S53P4 on the atrophic rhinitis-associated microorganism Klebsiella ozaenae. The glass was used in the form of granules or discs. Growth inhibition was studied using an agar plate test. Adhesion was studied by incubating bacterial suspension with the glass. The effect of the presence of the bacteria on the formation of the Si-rich layer on the bioactive glass was also analyzed. Furthermore, a follow up study of 19-74 months with ozena patients surgically treated with the BAG S53P4 was performed. The bioactive glass showed no clear growth inhibition of K. ozaenae in the agar plate test. K. ozaenae showed low adherence to the BAG S53P4. No growth of the microbe was seen on the glass during the 8 h incubations and the Si-rich layer was formed normally. The clinical follow-up study showed no infections of the implants and the symptoms of the patients were markedly reduced. Thus, the BAG S53P4 did not favor adhesion and colonization of K. ozaenae, in vitro, which is supported by the in vivo findings showing no BAG-associated infections or reinfections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effects of bovine immune and non-immune whey preparations on the composition and pH response of human dental plaque.

Colostral products from non-immunized cows (CP) and cows immunized with mutans streptococci (IP) were used as mouth rinses in a short-term human study. The acidogenic potential of the products was tested and found to be negligible in vivo before application to subsequent rinsing tests. At first, all the participants received a professional tooth cleaning, after which they rinsed with one of the solutions (IP; CP; water) three times per day for 3 d. After each rinsing period, the resting pH and decrease in plaque pH after sucrose challenge were determined, the amount of plaque was estimated, and all available plaque was collected. No significant differences were recorded in the composition or in the amounts of accumulated plaque. The resting pH values of plaques with low "innate" pH were increased after the IP rinsing period. Surprisingly, the lowest pH values after the sucrose challenge were recorded in IP plaques. The number of cultivable facultative flora or total streptococci were not affected by different rinsings, but the relative number of mutans streptococci significantly decreased after the IP rinsing period when compared to the CP period. Thus, the short term rinsing indicates favourable effects of bovine immune whey on human dental plaque.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The limited value of three pathogen species in predicting healing of periodontal pockets.

Baseline level of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been suggested as being predictive of periodontal treatment outcome. We analyzed the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia in 55 deep periodontal pockets of 29 patients (18 men, 11 women, 37-75 years) before and after periodontal treatment. At baseline and after treatment, 62% and 33%, respectively, of the subjects presented with 1, 2, or a combination of all 3 pathogens. The mean pocket depth of 6.6 mm (0.4 mm) before treatment decreased to 2.2 mm (0.4 mm) in response to treatment (P<0.001). The treatment plan of non-surgical or surgical treatment was based on pocket depths and tooth morphology only. No antimicrobial medications were used during the treatment. Eighty-two percent of the deep pockets healed satisfactorily to < or = 4 mm. The presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, or Prevotella intermedia at baseline was not associated with the outcome of the periodontal therapy. In conclusion, we found that the presence of the 3 periodontopathogen species had little or no value in predicting healing of periodontal pockets.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Antibacterial effects of a bioactive glass paste on oral microorganisms.

Bioactive glasses contain oxides of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and silicon in a proportion that provides the material with surface activity and concomitantly with the property of forming a strong bond with bone. Bioactive glasses have been tested as bone substitutes in different clinical situations. In an aqueous environment, Ca2+, Na+, PO4(3-) , and Si4+ are released from the glass, resulting in a rise in pH and in osmotic pressure in its vicinity. Since these are factors that potentially influence the viability of oral microorganisms at the dentogingival margin, we studied the effects of bioactive glass S53P4 on the oral microorganisms Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguis. This was done by incubating each microbe in a suspension, in the presence of bioactive glass S53P4 in powder form. A. naeslundii was found to lose its viability within 10 min under the experimental conditions. A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and S. mutans lost their viability within 60 min. Also for S. sanguis a significant loss of viability was seen within 60 min, but it was the only microbe that had any viable cells left after 60 min. Thus, in aqueous solutions the powdered bioactive glass S53P4 appears to have a broad antimicrobial effect on microorganisms of both supra- and subgingival plaque. Consequently, it could be useful as an ingredient in tooth-care products that may have beneficial effects on oral health both from a cariologic and a periodontal point of view.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1998

Betaine-containing toothpaste relieves subjective symptoms of dry mouth.

Subjects with dry mouth often experience irritation of the oral mucosa when using sodium lauryl sulfate containing products for oral hygiene. Betaine, or trimethylglycine, reduces skin-irritating effects of ingredients of cosmetics such as sodium lauryl sulfate. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a betaine-containing toothpaste with a regular toothpaste on the oral microbial flora, the condition of the oral mucosa, and subjective symptoms of dry mouth in subjects with chronic dry mouth symptoms. Thirteen subjects with chronic dry mouth symptoms and with a paraffin-stimulated salivary flow rate < or = 1 mL/min participated in the double-blind crossover study. Ten subjects had a very low salivary flow rate (< or = 0.6 mL/min). The subjects used both experimental toothpastes (with or without 4% betaine) twice a day for 2 weeks. Oral examinations and microbiologic sample collections were made at the base lines preceding the two experimental periods and at the end. Standardized questions on subjective symptoms of dry mouth were used when the subjects were interviewed at the end of the two experimental periods. No study-induced significant changes were observed in the microbiologic variables (plaque index, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, Candida species) or in the appearance of the oral mucosa. The use of the betaine-containing toothpaste was, however, associated with a significant relief of several subjective symptoms of dry mouth. Betaine appears thus to be a promising ingredient of toothpastes in general and especially of toothpastes designed for patients with dry mouth.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Growth of xylitol-resistant versus xylitol-sensitive Streptococcus mutans strains in saliva.

Five Streptococcus mutans pairs (serotype c S. mutans 10449 and four clinical isolates of S. mutans: 123.1, LG1, OMFA, T10B) were used to find out if the xylitol-resistant (XR) natural mutants of the corresponding xylitol-sensitive (XS) S. mutans parental strains differ in their growth patterns in saliva. The isogenic X natural mutants of the parental S. mutans strains were selected after sequential cultivations in the presence of xylitol and glucose. The XR/XS strains pairs were grown in individual and pooled glucose-supplemented filter-sterilized salivas (one to five sequential cultivations). The two salivas used represented subjects with good or poor support of the growth of S. mutans in vivo. Protease and peptidase activities were determined from the saliva growth media and cell suspensions. Salivary protein profiles were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and native IEF before and after the cultivations. The growth properties of the XR/XS S. mutans pairs were similar in both individual and pooled salivas. Sequential cultivation of all strains did not show any differences in growth patterns. XS strains were inhibited by the presence of xylitol (2% w/v) in pooled saliva, as shown for other glucose-supplemented media. Protease and peptidase activities of the XR/XS S. mutans pairs were low and of similar magnitude. Also, the general hydrolytic properties of most XR/XS S. mutans pairs appeared similar as judged by the small growth-induced changes in salivary protein profiles. In conclusion, saliva, the source of nutrients for salivary microorganisms in vivo, favored neither the XR nor the XS strains of S. mutans.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1998

Associations between salivary calcium and oral health.

Recently, we have shown positive correlations between high salivary calcium content and periodontitis, and between high salivary calcium level and the number of intact teeth in selected groups of subjects. The aim of our present study was to determine whether these correlations could be seen in a randomized group of healthy adults. A thorough oral examination including orthopantomograms was carried out for a total of 137 healthy subjects, 63 men (35.4+/-5.6 years) and 74 women (33.2+/-4.7 years). Paraffin-stimulated saliva was collected from the subjects and salivary flow (ml/min), buffering capacity, calcium (mMol/l) and microbial variables including lactobacilli, yeasts, mutans streptococci, total streptococci, total number of aerobes, and anaerobes were determined. The calcium level of whole saliva had a median of 1.23 mMol/l. Subjects with calcium level below the median were categorized as 'low', while those with higher values formed the 'high' salivary calcium group. There were more men than women in the 'High' salivary calcium group (p=0.025). Subjects in the 'high' calcium group showed more bleeding on probing (p=0.026), had more intact teeth (p=0.045), and lower DMF-scores (p=0.025) than their counterparts. No other differences were found between the two groups. We found clear associations between the level of salivary calcium and factors reflecting gingival health on one hand, and dental health on the other in a randomly selected group of healthy subjects, and conclude that salivary calcium may be important with regard to both dental and gingival health.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of xylitol, xylitol-sorbitol, and placebo chewing gums on the plaque of habitual xylitol consumers.

Xylitol reduces plaque but the reduction mechanism is largely unknown. The main aim of the present study was to determine whether the xylitol-induced reduction in the amount of plaque and the number of mutans streptococci could be demonstrated in subjects with (presumably) high levels of xylitol-resistant (XR; not inhibited by xylitol) mutans streptococci acquired following previous xylitol consumptions. 37 healthy dental students participated in the double-blind study. All subjects had been uncontrolled, habitual consumers of xylitol-containing products for at least 1 yr before the study. A 1-month washout period was followed by a 2-week test period during which either xylitol, xylitol-sorbitol or unsweetened chewing gum base was chewed 3-5 x a day. Plaque and saliva samples were collected at baseline and at the 2-week point for determination of the amount of plaque, microbiological variables, and hydrolytic enzymes. Mixtures of xylitol and sorbitol seemed to perform equally well with respect to reduction in the amount of plaque but not the number of mutans streptococci. Thus, polyols were the active ingredients of chewing gums able to modulate the amount of plaque and its microbial composition. Xylitol reduced plaque with a mechanism which appeared not to be associated with the study-induced changes in the proportion (%) of mutans streptococci in plaque, the number of salivary mutans streptococci, the proportion of XR strains in plaque or saliva, or the hydrolytic enzyme activities of plaque.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Oral health of 3-year-old children and their parents after 29 months of child-focused antiatherosclerotic dietary intervention in a prospective randomized trial.

A long-term prospective, randomized dietary intervention to prevent exposure of children to the known atherosclerosis risk factors (the STRIP baby project) was started when the age of the children was 7 months. The aim of this substudy was to analyze the oral effects of the dietary intervention in the children and their parents when the children had reached the age of 3 years. Every fifth family of the main study was invited to this substudy (n = 179). Those studied (n = 148) represented well the intervention and the control groups and both genders in terms of intake of saturated fatty acids, the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SAFA) ration and serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations. Though no difference was found in sucrose consumption between the intervention and the control groups, the intervention children received relatively (in E%) more energy from carbohydrates than the control children (p < 0.005), used absolutely (in g) and relatively (in E%) less fat (p < 0.05) and had a higher PUFA/SAFA ratio in their diet (p < 0.001). Of the 3-year-old children 93% were caries free, and dental decay was a prevalent in the intervention as in the control children. Control children brushed their teeth unassisted more often than the intervention children (p < 0.05). The intervention fathers also received more energy (in E%) from carbohydrates (p < 0.01), the intervention mothers used less fat (p < 0.05) and had a higher PUFA/SAFA ratio in the diet (p < 0.05) than the control fathers and mothers, respectively. Dental and periodontal health of the intervention and control parents (n = 250, 84% attending, mean +/- SD age: 34.2 +/- 54.5 years also showed no differences even though the control parents had more commonly last visited a dentist over 3 years before this examination (p < 0.05). We conclude that a 29-month period of a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol but high-carbohydrate diet as advocated in the STRIP baby trial does not seem to have harmful effects on the oral health of the children or their parents. Minor untoward differences had occurred in the dental health behavior of the control children and their parents.

Arteriosclerosis↗