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Biomedical subjects

E Söderling

Publications and source records attributed to E Söderling.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Salivary cholesterol of healthy adults in relation to serum cholesterol concentration and oral health.

Salivary lipids are mostly glandular in origin, but some are believed to diffuse directly from serum. This diffusion and the role of salivary lipids in oral health have scarcely been studied. Therefore, the serum and saliva cholesterol concentrations and oral health were analyzed in a group of healthy adults (n = 139; 64 men and 75 women; 34.2 +/- 5.2 yrs). Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was collected, centrifuged (10,000 x g; 30 min, 4 degrees C), and lyophilized, and the cholesterol and other neutral lipids were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and quantified. The mean +/- SD (range) of saliva cholesterol concentration was 1.20 +/- 0.75 (0.02-5.46) mumol/L, and the saliva cholesterol level of men (1.36 +/- 0.85 mumol/L) was significantly higher than that of women (1.06 +/- 0.64 mumol/L; p < 0.05). Weak positive correlations between saliva and serum cholesterol concentrations and saliva cholesterol and serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were found (r = 0.22, p < 0.05; r = 0.28, p < 0.005, respectively). The saliva cholesterol assay detected subjects with high (> or = 6.5 mmol/L) serum cholesterol values, with sensitivity and specificity values of 100% and 29%, respectively. A positive correlation between the body mass index and the level of saliva cholesterol concentration was also found (r = 0.31 p < 0.01). Oral health, microbial counts, or saliva flow rate revealed no differences in subjects with low and high salivary cholesterol level. We conclude that, in healthy adults, saliva cholesterol concentration reflects serum concentration to some extent and can be used to select individuals with high serum cholesterol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Protein adsorption to a bioactive glass with special reference to precorrosion.

The protein adsorption properties of the bioactive glass S53P4 were studied using albumin, IgG, and fibrinogen solutions (1 mg/mL) as well as diluted plasma, serum, and 1:1:1 mixtures of albumin, IgG, and fibrinogen. The bioactive glass granules (315-500 microns) were used in the experiments without pretreatments or as precorroded with an Si-rich or a Ca,P-rich layer. The protein adsorption properties of S53P4 were compared to a commercial bioactive glass (Bioglass), an inert glass, an experimental glass ceramic, titanium (Ti), and hydroxyapatite (HA). The untreated S53P4 bound in Trisbuffered saline mainly albumin from diluted plasma and serum and the 1:1:1 (1 mg of each) mixture of albumin, IgG, and fibrinogen. No binding of fibrinogen was observed. The omission of NaCl from the buffer used in the experiments increased the number of proteins bound by the S53P4. Most of the albumin bound by the glass could be detached with 0.5-1M NaCl speaking for electrostatic protein bonding. The protein adsorption properties of Bioglass resembled those of S53P4. The Ca,P-rich layer glass, the inert glass, the glass ceramic, HA, and Ti all bound several plasma and serum proteins, including fibrinogen. The Si-rich layer glass showed protein binding properties resembling the untreated glass more than the Ca,P-rich layer glass. The protein adsorption test used in the present study revealed differences in the protein adsorption properties of the studied materials, which may reflect differences in their surface potentials. It also functioned in registration of corrosion-induced changes in the surface properties of the S53P4. As judged by the protein adsorption properties, the untreated S53P4 could have a higher biocompatibility than the two precorroded glasses. Precorrosion, especially the formation of the Ca,P-rich layer, increased the number of proteins bound by the S53P4. Thus, a precorroded glass as compared to the untreated glass could be a better carrier of specific proteins that may be used to improve the biocompatibility of the bioactive glass.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1996

Effects of oral hygiene products containing lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin on the composition of whole saliva and on subjective oral symptoms in patients with xerostomia.

This study evaluates the effects of two oral hygiene products containing nonimmunoglobulin antimicrobial agents on whole saliva and on subjective oral symptoms in patients with xerostomia. Twenty patients used a lactoperoxidase-system-containing toothpaste (Biotene) combined with the use of a mouthrinse (Biotene), comprising also lysozyme and lactoferrin, for 4 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at base line, after 4 weeks' use of the products, and at the end of a 4-week washout period. Samples were analyzed for selected biochemical and microbiologic factors. The effects on subjective oral symptoms were also recorded. A 4-week daily use of toothpaste and mouthrinse relieved the symptoms of oral dryness in 16 patients. The levels of salivary hypothiocyanite, lysozyme, lactoferrin, or myeloperoxidase activity did not change, but there was a significant decrease in salivary pH (P < 0.05), total peroxidase activity (P < 0.05), and total protein content (P = 0.01). In patients with the lowest salivary flow rates (n = 5) a significant (P > or = 0.04) increase was detected in salivary hypothiocyanite concentrations. No major changes occurred in salivary microflora. The products relieved subjective oral symptoms in most xerostomic patients, but this was not necessarily related to the presence of antimicrobial agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the efficacy of 40% chlorhexidine varnish and 1% chlorhexidine-fluoride gel in decreasing the level of salivary mutans streptococci.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of a 40% chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish (EC40, Certichem, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) with a 1% CHX-0.2% NaF gel in decreasing the level of salivary mutans streptococci (MS). The subjects were screened for a high level of MS using a Dentocult-SM strip method (Orion Diagnostica, Finland). In varnish groups with fluoride (VCHXF, n = 20) and without fluoride (VCHX, n = 19), the CHX varnish was applied on dry teeth using an ampoule and an anesthetic syringe with blunt needle, and removed after 15 min. In group VCHXF an additional 2.26% fluoride varnish (Duraphat, Woelm Pharma GmbH, Eschwege, Germany) was applied. The CHX-NaF gel treatment included the application of the gel with rubber cups and dental tape for 5 min on three occasions during a week in group GCHXF (n = 21). The level of MS (MSB agar) was significantly lower after 4 weeks than at baseline in VCHX (p < 0.001) and VCHXF (p < 0.05), but not after 12 weeks. In GCHXF a significant decrease (p = 0.001) was observed after 4 weeks only with the strip method. In VCHX and VCHXF the strip values for MS were still reduced after 12 weeks. In VCHX and GCHXF a small, although statistically significant, increase was observed in the total number of microorganisms after 4 and 12 weeks. Opinions on taste sensations associated with the treatments were generally negative, but least negative in the VCHXF group; fewer side effects were also reported in the VCHXF group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Cationic liposomes improve stability and intracellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides into CaSki cells.

Antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) are promising novel therapeutic agents against viral infections and cancer. However, problems with their inefficient delivery and inadequate stability have to be solved before they can be used in therapy. To circumvent these obstacles, a wide variety of improvements, including phosphorothioate ODNs and liposomes as a carrier system, have been developed. This study was designed to compare the effects of two cationic liposomes on the intracellular delivery and stability of ODNs in CaSki cell cultures. Also the stability of 3'-end phosphorothioate ODNs were investigated. The 3'-modification neither had any effect on the delivery, nor protected the ODNs against degradation. The cellular delivery and stability of ODNs was improved with both cationic liposomes, but a cationic liposomal preparations containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DDAB/DOPE) was more efficient than commercially available N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammoniummethylsulf ate (DOTAP). The improved cellular delivery was largely due to the stabilization of ODNs by cationic liposomes. The improved stability in the culture medium indicates that the cationic liposomes per se protect the ODNs from enzymatic degradation. Indeed, intact ODNs were found in the cytoplasm and nucleus only when delivered by cationic liposomes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Lysozyme and lactoperoxidase inhibit the adherence of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 (serotype c) to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite in vitro.

Lysozyme, lactoperoxidase and salivary peroxidase inhibit the metabolism and growth of mutans streptococci, but any possible effects on the adherence of these bacteria are unknown. In this study the effects of lysozyme and lactoperoxidase on the adhesion of 3H-labelled Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10449, serotype c strain) to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite were studied at pH 5.0 and 7.0. Human whole saliva was either lysozyme-depleted and centrifuged, or sterilized and dialysed to achieve no detectable lysozyme and peroxidase activities; this modified saliva was used to form experimental pellicles. The incorporation of lysozyme (50-200 micrograms/ml) to the pellicle caused a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the adherence of S. mutans without any loss of bacterial viability. Pretreatment of either saliva-coated apatite or S. mutans cells with lysozyme did not change the results but lysozyme bound more readily to bacteria than to the experimental pellicles. Also, lactoperoxidase (10-200 micrograms/ml) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) the adherence of S. mutans but, in contrast to lysozyme, in a dose-dependent way. The strongest inhibition of adhesion was found when both saliva-coated apatite and bacteria were pretreated with lactoperoxidase. This enzyme bound to experimental pellicles in preference to streptococci. A non-specific protein control, albumin, did not block the inhibition by lysozyme or lactoperoxidase. The inhibition of adherence of a serotype c strain of S. mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite is a novel antibacterial mechanism for both lysozyme and lactoperoxidase.

Albumins↗
PubMed1994

Flow rate and composition of whole saliva in rural and urban Tanzania with special reference to diet, age, and gender.

The association of flow rate and biochemical and microbiological characteristics of saliva with diet was studied in 83 12-year-old children and in 127 adults (84 in the age group 35-44 years, 43 in the age group 65-74 years) living in rural and urban communities in Tanzania. No significant differences were observed between the salivary flow rates of the rural and urban subjects. The mean salivary flow rates were slightly lower in women than in men and significantly lower in the 12-year-old children than in the two older age groups (p < 0.05). The buffer effect was higher in the rural than the urban population. Further, it was lower in women than in men (p < 0.001). Salivary protein, IgG, and sialic acid concentrations were significantly higher in the rural than in the urban population, whereas amylase activity and IgA concentrations were lower. Microbiological studies showed mutans streptococci in 97% of the rural and in 91% of the urban subjects (n.s.). Lactobacilli grew significantly less often in the rural than urban samples (p < 0.01). Analyses of 24-hour dietary recalls showed that the rural and urban diets differed. The proteins in the rural diet were largely of plant origin, while in the urban diet animal proteins dominated. The rural diet contained also less sucrose but more fibre (mainly from grain) than the urban diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Salivary flow rate, buffer effect, sodium, and amylase in adolescents: a longitudinal study.

The study aimed to provide information on salivary secretion rate, buffer effect, sodium, total protein, and amylase in adolescence. Paraffin-wax-stimulated saliva was collected annually in 69 initially 10-yr-olds and in 98 initially 15-yr-olds. During the 5-yr follow-up, the rate of flow increased in both sexes in the younger age group. In the older age group there was only a slight increase in the flow within the 2-yr follow-up. In both age groups, girls tended to have lower secretion than boys. In cross-sectional analyses, the rate of flow correlated positively with buffer effect and sodium, and negatively with proteins. These findings are in line with earlier observations. However, with age, the buffer effect did not parallel the flow. At the base-line examination the buffer effect was lower in the 15-yr-old than in the younger age group. In line with that, a decrease was found at the final examination in the initially 10-yr-olds. This decrease was stronger in girls than in boys. The observed change in the buffer effect was not related to a parallel change in the flow rate or total protein and amylase content of saliva. In girls the change was, however, associated with a small, but statistically significant drop in the salivary sodium level. The variation in the buffer effect increased from the age of 12 to 15, especially in girls. This effect could not be demonstrated for the other flow-rate-associated variables used to monitor the functioning of the salivary glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Protein composition, adhesion, and agglutination properties of saliva in burning mouth syndrome.

Resting and stimulated whole saliva and parotid saliva of men and pre- and post-menopausal women with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and their matched controls were studied. Women with BMS had slightly, but not significantly, higher flow rates than their controls. The total protein concentration in stimulated saliva of women with BMS was significantly lower than that of controls. This difference was not associated with the flow rate. The proportional amount of sialic acid, used as an indicator of mucin concentration, was higher in subjects with BMS than in their controls. SDS-PAGE showed no consistent differences in the protein profiles of saliva, nor were any differences observed in the adhesion or agglutination assays between subjects with BMS and their matched controls. Thus, the present results indicate that BMS is not associated with a decrease in the protecting and lubricating properties of saliva.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Molecular forms and concentration of fibronectin and fibrin in human gingival crevicular fluid before and after periodontal treatment.

A total of 23 periodontitis-affected sites from seven adults was selected for the study. Crevicular fluid (CF) samples were collected with paper strips before treatment (scaling, root planing, and curettage) and 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 days after treatment. Each sample was eluted into sterile saline and two aliquots were drawn for gel electrophoresis: one for fibronectin and one for fibrin analysis. Peptides were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and molecules were detected by specific antibodies. The proportions of different molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin were analyzed by laser densitometry. Plaque Index, Papilla Bleeding Index, and pocket depth were recorded before and 40 days after treatment. Radiologic bone loss was estimated from orthopantomograms. Two days after treatment, an increase was seen in the proportions of intact fibronectin, fibronectin fragments larger than 70 kDa, and fibrin-positive material with a greater molecular mass than intact fibrin. Between days 5 and 10, the proportions of these large fragments decreased. The highest fibronectin and fibrin concentrations were seen 10 days after treatment. These changes probably reflect degradation of the subgingival fibrin clot formed after treatment, and indicate resolution of the clot during the first 10 days of healing. This agrees well with previous observations of CF plasmin activity and concentration of collagen synthesis markers in CF after periodontal treatment, and with the histologic changes seen during periodontal healing. Results of the present study, together with earlier reported findings of collagen synthesis after periodontal treatment, also support the hypothesis of sequential appearance of fibronectin and collagens during the process of wound healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of fibronectin and fibrin(ogen) fragments in gingival crevicular fluid.

A total of 49 crevicular fluid (CF) samples were collected with paper strips from 12 healthy adults. Each sample was eluted into sterile saline and two aliquots were drawn for SDS-PAGE, one for fibronectin and one for fibrin analysis. Peptides were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and fibronectin and fibrin were detected using specific antibodies. The relative amounts of different molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin were analyzed using a laser densitometer. After the sample collection, Plaque Index, Papilla Bleeding Index and pocket depth were measured. Bone loss was estimated from the orthopanthomograms. Fibronectin fragments were seen in all CF samples. Intact fibronectin was seen in 21 samples, of which 76% were collected from periodontitis-affected sites. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of intact fibronectin and the clinical parameters. Intact fibrin and fibrin fragments were seen in all samples. Fibrin-positive material with larger molecular weight than intact fibrin was also seen in all samples. A negative correlation was found between the proportion of intact fibrin and the clinical parameters. There was no correlation between total amounts and concentrations of fibronectin and fibrin. Molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin may affect the pathogenesis and healing of periodontal diseases, since the biologic effects of the fragments of these molecules differ from those of the intact molecules.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of sucrose rinses on the oral microflora and on salivary sucrase activity.

The effect of sucrose rinses on the salivary microflora and on bacterial sucrose cleaving, i.e., sucrase activity, was studied in 11 dental students with high salivary counts of mutans streptococci (> or = 10(5) CFU/ml). The subjects rinsed for 1 min with a 10% (w/v) sucrose solution every 4-h during waking hours on 2 consecutive days. Four paraffin-stimulated saliva samples were collected as follows: one before the rinses and then 12 h and 5 and 8 days after the rinses. Commercial dip-slide methods were used to determine viable counts of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts; mutans streptococci were also enumerated using MSB agar, while blood agar was used to recover the total facultative and anaerobic bacteria. The sucrase activity was determined using both whole (mainly cell-associated) and centrifuged (extracellular) saliva samples. The proportions of facultative bacteria (p = 0.007) and mutans streptococci (p = 0.001) increased as a result of the sucrose rinses. No changes were detected in the number of lactobacilli or yeasts. The sucrose rinses increased both the cell-associated (p = 0.049) and the extracellular (p = 0.011) sucrase activities. The measurement of sucrase activity may be of value in assessing dietary habits and sucrose consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Xylitol-induced changes of enamel microhardness paralleled by microradiographic observations.

The study, aimed to analyze the feasibility of a prospective field study, was carried out in Polynesian children with rampant untreated caries. Slabs of bovine enamel were inserted for 8-12 days in cavities and subsequently replaced by permanent fillings. Before use, the surface of the slab was polished, and one half predemineralized and tested for microhardness. The follow-up in 30 subjects involved 54 slabs, 30 from negative controls with no added sweets and 24 from subjects receiving 20 g/day of xylitol in candy. The microhardness of the slabs was reassessed, and the difference between measurements calculated and tested for significance. The differences between the groups were highly significant, the predemineralized halves showing pronounced rehardening at exposure to xylitol. Parallel microradiographic observations conformed with the above findings. The results indicate that the use of a noncariogenic sweetener might be of value in high caries risk subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of xylitol consumption on the plaque-saliva distribution of mutans streptococci and the occurrence and long-term survival of xylitol-resistant strains.

Since the exposure of mutans streptococci to xylitol is known to select for xylitol-resistant (XR) natural mutants, the occurrence and long-term survival of such xylitol-resistant strains was evaluated in a cross-sectional sampling of participants of the Ylivieska xylitol study four years after the original two-year experimental period. Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was first collected, and then plaque was collected and pooled. The salivary and dental plaque mutans streptococci were enumerated after growth on TSY20B agar. The proportion of XR strains was determined by autoradiography with 14C-xylitol. A strong and significant correlation (r = 0.645 and p = 0.005) between the number of mutans streptococci in saliva and in dental plaque was observed in non-consumers of xylitol. Such a correlation totally disappeared (r = 0.098 and p = 0.612) in xylitol-exposed consumers (habitual and former xylitol-consumers). The proportion of the salivary XR mutants (35%) in non-consumers (n = 16) was significantly lower than in the xylitol-exposed consumers (79%) (n = 27), (p = 0.0001) or in former consumers (75%) (n = 13), (p = 0.0008) or in the habitual consumers (83%) (n = 14), (p = 0.004). The proportion of XR mutants in dental plaque was, on the average, much lower than in the corresponding saliva. The proportion of XR in the plaque of xylitol non-consumers was half of that of the xylitol-exposed group, but the difference was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Protein composition of crevicular fluid before and after treatment.

Crevicular fluid (CF) analysis is a potential tool for site-specific diagnosis of periodontal disease activity. In this study, CF was collected using a novel washing method from 91 sites in 18 adult periodontitis patients both before and after conventional periodontal treatment. The sites studied were classified according to their clinical status and the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) in CF samples. CF proteins were analyzed from individual sites with gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Furthermore, both the cell-bound and soluble neutral proteolytic activities of the samples were determined. Albumin was the main protein both in healthy and slightly inflamed sites. The most severely inflamed sites were characterized by high levels of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins (mol. weight ca. 12,000) and strong cell-bound neutral proteolytic activity. Scaling and root planing reduced both the LMW proteins and neutral proteolytic activity markedly in pockets responding well to treatment. The levels of the LMW proteins in CF correlated with the cell-bound neutral proteolytic activity, which reflected the number of PMN's in the sample. The present results suggest that the appearance of the LMW proteins in CF is associated with the periodontal inflammatory status of the site.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of repeated sampling and prestimulation on saliva buffer capacity and flow rate values in children.

Great variations reported in the frequency distribution of buffer capacity values may partly be due to methodological differences in saliva sampling. In this study we wanted to see to what extent these variations are due to repetition and prestimulation. 9-yr-old schoolchildren (n: 41, 23 girls and 18 boys), who had never had saliva samples taken before, participated in the present study. The repetition tests were carried out between 9 and 11 a.m. on three subsequent days. The effect of prestimulation was tested 4 days later with the same subjects. The buffer capacity of the samples was determined electrometrically immediately after sampling using the commercial Dentobuff-test. The intraindividual analysis revealed a significant increase in flow rate but not in buffer capacity along with repetition of the sampling. The analysis further showed that the buffer capacity of children accustomed to saliva sampling increased significantly through prestimulation of 1 min. The use of prestimulation resulted in substantial changes also in the frequency distribution of the buffer capacity values. Our results emphasize the importance of proper sampling conditions in saliva collection when screening children for high caries risk.

Buffers↗