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Biomedical subjects

E Sheehy

Publications and source records attributed to E Sheehy.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Genotypic heterogeneity of Streptococcus oralis and distinct aciduric subpopulations in human dental plaque.

The genotypic heterogeneity of Streptococcus oralis isolated from the oral cavity was investigated using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR. Unrelated subjects harbored unique genotypes, with numerous genotypes being isolated from an individual. S. oralis is the predominant aciduric bacterium isolated from noncarious tooth sites. Genotypic comparison of the aciduric populations isolated at pH 5.2 with those isolated from mitis-salivarius agar (MSA) (pH 7.0) indicated that the aciduric populations were genotypically distinct in the majority of subjects (chi(2) = 13.09; P = 0.0031). Neither the aciduric nor the MSA-isolated strains were stable, with no strains isolated at baseline being isolated 4 or 12 weeks later in the majority of subjects. The basis of this instability is unknown but is similar to that reported for Streptococcus mitis. Examination of S. oralis strains isolated from cohabiting couples demonstrated that in three of five couples, genotypically identical strains were isolated from both partners and this was confirmed by using Salmonella enteritidis repetitive element PCR and enterobacterial PCR typing. These data provide further evidence of the physiological and genotypic heterogeneity of non-mutans streptococci. The demonstration of distinct aciduric populations of S. oralis implies that the role of these and other non-mutans streptococci in the caries process requires reevaluation.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1998

Improving the request process to increase family consent for organ donation.

The greatest impediment to organ donation is refusal of family consent. This study examined the impact of 3 modifiable elements of the donation request on family consent rates: (1) decoupling (i.e., the family understands and accepts brain death before discussion of organ donation is begun); (2) the procurement coordinator participates in the request for consent; and (3) donation is requested in a quiet, private place. Data on the request process were collected prospectively for 707 medically suitable potential donors who had been referred to 3 organ procurement organizations. The average rate of consent for donation was 62.2%. Higher consent rates were independently associated with the 3 characteristics studied. These components were summarized in the Request Process Scale. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that consent rates can be as high as 74% when all 3 process elements are present. Hospitals and organ procurement organizations should incorporate these elements into their standard of practice when requesting organ donation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Augmentative communication for the non-speaking child.

In this article, the term non-speaking will be used to refer to those individuals who have limited or no functional speech because of severe physical impairment, neuromuscular or cognitive deficit and whose communication impairment is not due primarily to a hearing problem. Augmentative communication has developed in order to compensate for impairments and disabilities of the non-speaking individual. It is all communication that supplements speech. Pediatric dental patients who may benefit from augmentative communication systems include those with cerebral palsy, multihandicaps, severe mental retardation and autism. The communication board is given as an example of an augmentative communication system. It is a visual display which can use symbols, pictures, letters and words. It allows the non-speaking child to communicate either by listener-assisted scanning or pointing directly to the symbol or word with their hand or eye-gaze, or with an aid such as a pointer or light. A communication board for use in the pediatric dental setting is described. The pediatric dentist should consult with the speech-language pathologist, family/caretaker, special educator/teacher, and health care members when deciding on communication systems for the non-speaking child in the dental setting. Augmentative communication systems need to be individualized for each non-speaking child. The systems need constant evaluation and updating also as the child develops. The ultimate aim of augmentative communication is to help the non-speaking child to have a more active and fulfilling role in everyday life.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Unreasonable expectations of reconstructive patients affecting rehabilitation.

Common difficult and recurring problems develop which make the demands of certain cosmetic surgical patients appear reasonable or not reasonable to the people operating upon them. In spite of careful preparation and repeated instruction, a number of patients continue to entertain fixed and elusive ideas about themselves, their body images, and the results they desire from surgery. These wishes are often not logical, and derive from personal experiences of the patients, and are not related to the actual degree of deformity or the objective reactions that other people have to these defects. while it is generally true that more gross deformities force a more realistic perspective upon the patients and their families in contrast to many normal-looking persons who seek cosmetic surgery, this is not always the case. The authors attempt to examine and describe several specific cases of these problems, along with the psychological mechanisms which underlie them, and present possible ways in which such behavior can be managed by the aesthetic surgeon. An attempt is also intended to be as practical as possible about the use of the busy surgeon's time in these situations.

Body Image↗