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Biomedical subjects

E T Ballard

Publications and source records attributed to E T Ballard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Meningioangiomatosis of the brain stem. Case report.

The case is reported of meningioangiomatosis of the brain stem in a 3 1/2-year-old girl who suffered from vomiting, left facial weakness, difficulty in swallowing, and ataxia. This is believed to be the first reported case of meningioangiomatosis in the brain stem. Computerized tomography showed an intensely enhancing hyperdense mass in the left restiform body. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the lesion was isointense to gray matter on the T1-weighted image and hypointense on the T2-weighted image, with a surrounding zone of high T2 signal and intense enhancement. Angiography was normal. Surgical exploration demonstrated an intramedullary firm mass that was partially resected. Histologically, the mass consisted of a low-grade lesion of meningeal origin with spindle cells in a whorling pattern that were occasionally focused around small vessels. On 2-year follow-up imaging, the lesion remains unchanged in size. Certain particularities of this lesion are discussed in the context of the literature.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1993

Growth patterns of human neuroblastoma xenografts and their relationship to treatment outcome.

BACKGROUND: Several investigators have reported the ability to establish xenografts in nude mice from children with neuroblastomas, but a correlation of prognosis with this establishment and the growth patterns of the neuroblastomas has not been reported. METHODS: Tumor specimens from 58 children with neuroblastomas were heterotransplanted into BALB/c nude mice. In 34 patients, heterotransplantation was done before therapy; in 24 patients, tumors were obtained after at least one course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The histology, cytogenetics, and growth characteristics of serial passages of the xenografts were studied. RESULTS: The engraftment rate was 34%. Neuroblastomas with diploid chromosome numbers did not engraft. Chromosomal abnormalities involving 1p were seen in more than 50% of the xenografts. Cytogenetic features were retained between original tumors and resultant xenografts. Xenografts could be established only from tumors with unfavorable histology, as defined by Shimada classification criteria. The histology of each xenograft line was strikingly similar, and each was highly undifferentiated. Engraftment rates, doubling times, and lag times did not vary appreciably between xenografts established from treated tumors compared with xenografts established from untreated tumors. There was no correlation between doubling or lag times and prognosis. Patients whose tumors engrafted had only a 5% 3-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, it appears that successful engraftment is the most important prognostic indicator for patients with neuroblastomas. Because of the commonality of the histologic features and the stability of the tumor clones from patients before and after heterotransplantation, these xenografts may be useful as an in vivo model for studying drug resistance and for designing treatment regimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Plain film identification of inverted Meckel diverticulum.

Inversion is a potentially serious complication of Meckel diverticulum. Since inversion provokes gangrene and small bowel obstruction, diagnosis by enteroclysis or imaging studies can conflict with the need for timely surgical intervention. We have noted that plain films may predict this lesion when a solitary mottled polypoid lesion occupies the ileum at the site of a small bowel obstruction.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Digital schwannoma in a skeletally immature child.

Soft tissue neoplasms of the hand are rare in general and even more uncommon in children. The most commonly considered diagnoses include ganglion, inclusion cyst, lipoma, subcutaneous foreign body granuloma, and tendon sheath xanthoma. Aside from pressure sensitivity, masses on the palmar aspect of the hand are often asymptomatic. The case reported here identifies a primary neural neoplasm (neurilemmoma) that involves a small peripheral nerve in the hand of a twelve-year-old child. The patient had no neurologic symptoms and illustrates the need to include neurilemmomas in the differential diagnosis of hand masses in children.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis: case report.

A 33-week-gestation infant with respiratory distress syndrome is reported. At five days of age, acute life-threatening tracheal obstruction occurred, which was relieved after removal of a plug during bronchoscopy. Histologic examination of the plug revealed partially necrotic tracheal mucosa, compatible with the diagnosis of necrotizing tracheobronchitis. At 31 days of age, obstruction recurred due to the development of a tracheal stricture, which resolved after tracheal reintubation (to maintain patency) and corticosteroid therapy. Tracheal stricture may be a long-term complication of necrotizing tracheobronchitis, when the initial episode does not lead to death from obstruction.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1985

Immunologic, morphologic and chromosomal characterization of a cell line (TC78) established from a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

We characterized a cell line established from bone marrow cells from a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This cell line, TC78, had lymphoblastic morphology and was cytoplasmic peroxidase and esterase negative. The cells did not have T- or B-cell properties such as E- or EAC-rosette forming ability, reactivity with monoclonal T-cell or B2 antibodies, or immunoglobulin synthesis. We concluded that TC78 was a pre-pre B-cell line based on the following monoclonal antibody staining pattern: BA-1+, BA-2+, cALLa+, Ia+, 2H7+ and OKB2+. Growth in 'Dickie' culture and reactivity with 1G10 myeloid antibody suggested coexpression of lymphoid and myeloid characteristics. However, 1G10 expression proved dependent on culture conditions, illustrating one caveat in application of monoclonal antibodies in lineage determination.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1983

Characteristics of 85 pediatric tumors heterotransplanted into nude mice.

81 primary pediatric tumors and 4 tumor lines were heterotransplanted into nude mice with an overall success rate of 38.3%. There was variability in success between tumor types. Bone sarcomas were highly successful while brain, lymphoid, and benign tumors in general did poorly. With increasing passage lag times decreased but actual growth rates in general did not change. Results suggested that tumors obtained prior to therapy which grew in nude mice were more likely to recur in the patient. During the observation period 7 spontaneous mouse tumors developed, distinguished from human tumors by histology, cytogenetics, and isoenzyme studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Clinical and occult testicular leukemia in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Twenty-nine of 60 boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia survived for more than 30 months and were potential candidates for discontinuation of therapy. Six patients developed overt clinical testicular leukemia: one at 34 months from diagnosis while receiving therapy and five at three to 17 months after therapy was stopped. Elective wedge biopsy of the testes has become part of the evaluation prior to discontinuation of therapy since 1977. Six of 18 boys had microscopic evidence of leukemic infiltration of the testes: four with diffuse involvement and two with focal clusters of leukemic cells. Testicular biopsy is recommended at the time of discontinuation of therapy and perhaps early in the course of the disease, although a negative biopsy does not exclude some focal lesions. The eventual outcome of those with occult testicular leukemia remains to be determined.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Hirschsprung's disease with skip area (segmental aganglionosis).

Hirschsprung's disease is characterized by a single aganglionic segment of colon extending distally to the anal margin. Well documented reports of segmental aganglionosis have been rare. We report a case of segmental aganglionosis in which there were two distinct aganglionic segments resected. The entire transverse colon between the two aganglionic segments was normally ganglionated, preserved, and utilized and functions in a normal fashion.

Colon↗
PubMed1978

Leukemic infiltration of the testis during long-term remission.

Of 33 boys with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital during 1971--1974, 14 remained in clinical and bone marrow remission for periods longer than 2.5 yr. Of these 14 patients, 8 then developed testicular leukemia. In 7 of these 8 patients, testicular infiltration was the first or only evidence of relapse. In 2 of the patients the gonads were not grossly abnormal, and testicular relapse was discovered as a result of routine wedge biopsy before therapy was to have been stopped. This experience has led to our policy of routine testicular biopsy in boys with acute lymphocytic leukemia who have had continuous remission for 3 yr and who are otherwise candidates for discontinuance of maintenance therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Early onset group B streptococcal disease: clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic features.

Thirty-one neonates with early onset of serious group B streptococcal infections were observed in a four-year period. The mortality was 52%. Premature infants with clinical signs of respiratory distress syndrome were at highest risk of death; clinical signs of RDS were typical until apnea, shock, respiratory failure, and worsening of the radiographic pattern unexpectedly intervened. Pathologic material from infants with radiographic evidence either of RDS or of pneumonia showed both typical hyaline membrane disease and pneumonia in most instances. Factors which may be helpful in recognizing premature infants at risk for GBS disease in the much larger group of premature infants with uncomplicated RDS include: history of artificial, premature, or prolonged rupture of membranes; localized pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram; low absolute neutrophil count; and an unusually rapid progression of RDS.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal papillomatosis: case report.

An unusual case report of asymptomatic multiple esophageal papillomas associated with pedunculated hypopharyngeal papillomas that presented as laryngeal obstruction in a 2 1/2-year-old boy who underwent resection and irradiation of a retroperitoneal neuroblastoma at the age of nine months. Barium swallow and esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of multiple asymptomatic lesions involving the upper two-thirds of the esophagus. Biopsy confirmed the hypopharyngeal and esophageal lesions to be similar in nature.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further observations of ocular pathology in Down's syndrome.

We studied the eyes of two children with proven trisomy 21 and updated the microscopic ocular findings. The ocular malformations, generally of a minor nature, comprise a variety of nonspecific hyperplasia or hamartomata, hypoplasias, tissue defects and heterotopias, and involve virtually every portion of the globe. Ocular and extraocular abnormalities in Down's syndrome do not correlate well embryologically, cytogenetically or in regard to incidence or severity. The type of ocular anomalies usually encountered in trisomy 21 suggests that the globe was affected by the chromosomal anomaly rather late in its development.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathologic features of the eye in triploidy.

Triploidy is a cytogenetic abnormality characterized by 69 chromosomes rather than the normal 46 in each cell. It is one of the most common chromosomal aberrations reported in early spontaneous abortion. Estimates are that 17-20% of chromosomally abnormal abortuses (early) are triploid. 1,2 Although the majority are stillborn, at least 25 liveborn triploidics have been reported. 3-9 All were premature and most died in the first 6 hours;the longest survival was 2 months. 4 By contrast, a diploid/triploid mosaic (mixed cell lines) individual may survive to adulthood. Although ocular lesions are one of the components of the triploidy syndrome, reports of histologic findings are comparatively rare. 1,3,6,10,11 This prompted us to study the ocular pathology in another case of triploidy. Our results confirm and extend those previously described and emphasize the pattern of ocular abnormalities in this disorder.

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathologic features of the eye in trisomy 9.

A clinical and pathologic study of a neonate with mosaic trisomy 9 revealed findings similar to those in other cases with this chromosomal anomaly. Except for deeply-set eyes and small palpebral fissures with slight telecanthus, our ocular findings have not previously been described in mosaic trisomy 9. The most striking ocular pathologic alterations involved the anterior segment and included a keratolenticular adhesion and marked iris hypoplasia. There were similarities to Peters' anomaly as well as to ocular lesions associated with aplasia of th optic nerve and Lowe's and Potter's syndrome. The ocular and extraocular anomalies in our patient appear to have resulted from a mesodermal dysgenesis operational between one and five and a half months of gestation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗