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Biomedical subjects

F A Gries

Publications and source records attributed to F A Gries.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Clinical testing of a new blood glucose measuring system. A cooperative study at 8 centers].

The glucometer II system is a small measurement device with built-in batch-specific pressbutton calibration. The corresponding test strip "Glucostix" uses a two-color system. The blood glucose test strip can be evaluated both visually and by instrument. The precision determined in series was between 2.0% and 6.7% using control sera. The day-to-day precision was between 1.5% and 7.9%. Comparison of the methods on the basis of 781 and 109 capillary blood samples respectively revealed a good agreement between the hexokinase method or the glucose oxidase method (Beckman analyser) and the glucometer II values. The precision of measurement by the system was comparable in the two test strip batches employed. Visual reading of the test strips revealed a good agreement with the laboratory method in the hypoglycemic and normoglycemic range; at higher concentrations of blood glucose, a trend to underestimation of the measurement values was shown. The easy handling and small size of the instrument facilitates measurement of blood glucose by the patient under everyday conditions.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Increased growth stimulation of human vascular cells by serum from patients with primary hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia.

Premature atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic patients may be due, in part, to increased growth of vascular cells. Therefore, the growth stimulating effect of serum and serum fractions from patients with primary hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (LDL-cholesterol: 7.5 +/- 1.7 mmol/l) and from healthy subjects on human arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts has been investigated over 5-7 days in culture. Human hypercholesterolemic sera increased the growth of both cell types up to a mean of 133% compared with normal sera (100%) (P less than 0.001). Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) reduced the growth effect of the hypercholesterolemic sera by 32% (P less than 0.001) and of the normal sera by 11% (P less than 0.01). Readdition of the hypercholesterolemic serum dialysate to its dialyzed serum restored completely the original growth effect. There was no significant difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed hypercholesterolemic and normal sera excluding a major additional growth effect by LDL-cholesterol. The low molecular weight growth factor(s) of hypercholesterolemic serum (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) showed a linear dependence of growth stimulation over a 20-fold concentration range. Increased amounts of this factor(s) might easily penetrate the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Peripheral and autonomic nerve function in long-term insulin-dependent diabetes.

In a cross sectional study, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), beat-to-beat variation (BBV) at rest and speed of pupillary dilatation (SPD) have been investigated in 127 nonketonuric long-term insulin-dependent diabetics aged 19-72 yr and in age-matched control subjects. 84% of the patients had electrophysiologic abnormalities, 58% had symptomatic peripheral neuropathy, 35% had abnormal cardiac parasympathetic tests and 26% had abnormal pupillary tests. The most frequent pathologic feature was a decreased sural SNCV (66%). Among the patients without symptomatic peripheral neuropathy, 71% showed electrophysiologic abnormalities. MNCV and SNCV in median, peroneal and sural nerves correlated with BBV (p less than 0.005), but only peroneal MNCV was related to SPD (p less than 0.005). There was also a relationship between BBV and SPD (p less than 0.05). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) levels correlated inversely with median MNCV (p less than 0.001), and SNCV (p less than 0.03), peroneal MNCV (p less than 0.05) and sural SNCV (p less than 0.05). Patients with abnormal peripheral or autonomic nerve function tests or symptomatic peripheral neuropathy had significantly higher HbA1 levels than those with normal tests (p less than 0.04) or asymptomatic patients (p less than 0.01). Median MNCV and SNCV, sural SNCV and BBV deteriorated with age (p less than 0.05) and median SNCV and peroneal MNCV deteriorated with the duration of diabetes (p less than 0.001). Our findings show an association between peripheral and autonomic nerve dysfunction in long-term insulin-dependent diabetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Vascular growth factors and the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus.

The pathogenesis of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus is still incompletely understood. Within the various pathomechanisms abnormal growth of vascular cells is well established as an intrinsic part of the angiopathic process. In this regard, there are different groups of vascular growth factors that are of potential relevance for the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes : hormones, locally released growth factors of platelet and of arterial wall cell origin. The following hormones whose blood levels could increase under various conditions in diabetes have to be considered : growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and II and insulin. Human platelets contain at least eight growth peptides or proteins that all stimulate in vitro growth of arterial wall cells : platelet-derived-, epidermal-, fibroblast-, diabetic serum-, endothelial- and transforming growth factor, vascular endothelial cell proliferation factor and platelet-derived endothelial cell mitogen. In serum and plasma from type II diabetics only the diabetic serum growth factor has been shown to be increased. Platelets from type I and II diabetic patients contain increased growth stimulating activity. This increased growth activity returned to normal levels in both types of diabetes after strict metabolic control. Arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and monocyte/macrophages of different species release at least in culture a variety of growth factors that could participate in an autocrine or paracrine manner in the growth regulation of the arterial wall. Diabetes may affect the release of these factors, but direct evidence to which degree this would contribute to the development of macrovascular disease is lacking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hormonal and metabolic response to physical exercise in hyperinsulinemic and non-hyperinsulinemic type 2 diabetics.

In order to find out the influence of hyperinsulinaemia and initial blood glucose levels on glucose homeostasis during physical exercise, 6 Type 2 diabetic patients with basal hyperinsulinemia (0.209 nmol/l) (group A) and 10 Type 2 diabetics without basal hyperinsulinemia (0.046 nmol/l) (group B) took part in a study on metabolic effects of exercise. Mean bodymass was higher in group A (101 kg) than in group B (71.7 kg). Exercise was performed on a bicycle-ergometer for 1 hr. Work load was adjusted to a pulse-rate of 120/min with a mean of 48 watt (W) in group A and 52 W in group B. Blood glucose (BG), insulin (IRI), glucagon (G), growth hormone (HGH), cortisol (C), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), lactate (L), pyruvate (P) and free fatty acids (NEFA) were measured during 3 hr. BG and IRI were also documented for the following 7 hr. Both groups showed a small but significant decrease of BG during exercise (group A from 11.54-10.38 mmol/l, p less than 0.01, and group B from 8.71-7.22 mmol/l, p less than 0.005). IRI decreased insignificantly in group A (from 0.209-0.174 nmol/l, p less than 0.15) and significantly in group B (from 0.046-0.032 nmol/l, p less than 0.01). G increased significantly in both groups (from 62.4-75.2 pmol/l in A, p less than 0.05, and from 38.8-47.1 pmol/l in B, p less than 0.01). HGH rose from 0.018-0.149 nmol/l in A, p less than 0.01, and from 0.077-0.320 nmol/l in B, p less than 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Sera from type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and healthy subjects contain different amounts of a very low molecular weight growth peptide for vascular cells.

Diabetic angiopathy may be due, in part, to increased growth in vascular cells. We have investigated serum growth factors in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and healthy subjects and their effect on cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (mol. wt. less than 12,000) reduced the growth effect of the diabetic sera by 37% (2p less than 0.005) and of the non-diabetic sera by only 8% (2p less than 0.01). In contrast, there was no difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed diabetic or non-diabetic sera. Complete recovery of the dialyzable serum growth fraction was also obtained at a mol. wt. below 3,500. Ten times the concentration of the low molecular weight growth factor (mol. wt. less than 3,500) from diabetic sera stimulated growth of fibroblasts or arterial smooth muscle cells by a mean of 243% or 174% and from non-diabetic sera by a mean of 146% or 137%, respectively (2p less than 0.01). The growth stimulating potency of this serum fraction (mol. wt. less than 3,500) contained in 10% diabetic sera, was two to ten times higher than that of human growth hormone or insulin, added in amounts equivalent to 10% or physiological serum concentrations. This diabetic serum growth factor was further characterized by: (1) linear dependence of growth stimulation over a concentration range of twenty times and by (2) reduction of the growth stimulating activity to control levels by pretreatment: (a) at 95 degrees C for 30 min, or (b) with two different proteases: Serva pronase E (Streptomyceus griseus) or Calbiochem protease (Subtilisin calsberg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Metabolic response to different forms of physical exercise in type I diabetics and the duration of the glucose lowering effect.

In order to analyse the metabolic effect of exercise nine well-controlled type I diabetics took part in four series of tests: (i) a short exercise with maximal work load, (ii) a 30 min exercise with half maximal work load, (iii) a 3 x 10 min interval exercise and (iv) control without exercise. Exercises were performed on a bicycle ergometer starting at 09.00 h. On the test days, only two thirds of the normal insulin dose was given. Blood glucose, free insulin, glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormone, cortisol, lactate and pyruvate were measured during the exercise and the following 60 min. Glucose profiles were taken until 17.15 h. The short exercise with maximal work load did not affect blood glucose, the half maximal exercise and the interval exercise resulted in a decrease. Short rest phases did not modify the glucose lowering effect nor the overall response of counterregulatory hormones. A snack following exercise resulted in a total compensation of the glucose lowering effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Vascular growth factors and the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus.

There are two different classes of humoral growth factors for arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells that age of potential relevance for the development of macrovascular disease inn diabetes mellitus: hormones (growth hormone, insulin like growth factor I and II, insulin) and locally released growth factors of platelet origin. The following hormones have to be considered: Increased growth hormone plasma levels might contribute to macrovascular disease, but its actual relevance remains to be determined. Insulin like growth factor I and II are present in vivo and stimulate growth of vascular cells in vitro but their relevance for macrovascular disease in diabetes is unproven. To insulin, see Dr. Stout's paper. Human platelets contain at least six growth peptides or proteins that all stimulate in vitro growth of arterial wall cells: platelet derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet derived endothelial cell mitogen, endothelial growth factor, diabetic serum growth factor (DSGF), transforming growth factor-beta. As their plasma concentrations have not been shown to be increased in diabetes increased local availability at sites of stimulated platelet aggregation has been postulated. Therefore, their relevance for macrovascular disease i diabetics is based mainly on circumstantial evidence. The concentration of DSGF of platelet origin depends on the metabolic control: it increases in vivo in poorly controlled diabetics and is normalized after 2-3 weeks of good metabolic control in the same diabetic patient. The growth potency of DSGF from poorly controlled diabetics is greater than that of physiological amounts of insulin or growth hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1985

Hypertriglyceridemia in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with peripheral vascular disease.

Hypertriglyceridemias are the most frequent lipid disorders in diabetes mellitus with peripheral vascular disease. In spite of increasing knowledges the arteriosclerotic risk of hypertriglyceridemias is still controversial. In 77 insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) (23 m, 54 f, age: 52 +/- 18 y. body weight: 119 +/- 21% to Brocal) with hypertriglyceridemia (TG greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl) and 97 IDDM (39 m, 68 f, age: 47 +/- 18 y, body weight: 116 +/- 22% to Broca) without lipid disorders (TG less than 200 mg/dl, CH less than 260 mg/dl) we investigated whether measurement of lipoprotein-lipids is better indicator of arteriosclerotic risk than total triglycerides. Peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) were present in 45% of patients with HTG and in 32% of patients without lipid disorders. In both groups patients with PVD had lower HDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.05 resp. p less than 0.0005) and higher VLDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.025 resp. p less than 0.005). A negative relationship between VLDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was only significant in IDDM without lipid disorders (p less than 0.001). Considering a ratio of VLDL/HDL-cholesterol of greater than or equal to 1.0 resp. less than 1.0 to be discriminating for patients with or without PVD 65.1% of all PVD (specifity) and 60.7% of all Non-PVD (sensitivity) could be correctly characterized. It is concluded, that in IDDM the ratio of VLDL/HDL-cholesterol is a better indicator for the arteriosclerotic risk than total triglycerides or total cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Reflolux--a new test system for the self control of blood glucose for diabetics].

Correctness and accuracy of Reflolux, a new microprocessor-controlled minireflectometer for measuring blood-glucose concentrations, were tested in ten instruments. There was good agreement between the Reflolux values and those obtained in the laboratory with the hexokinase method, over the entire range of 40-350 mg/dl with a relatively small margin of error. Thus the Reflolux provides even in the hypoglycaemic range values accurate enough for everyday use by a diabetic. An important advantage of this test system lies in the use of Haemo-Glukotest 20-800 test strips which, in conjunction with the Reflolux, provide a visual color comparison for blood-glucose levels in the range of 20-800 mg/dl.

Blood Glucose↗