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Biomedical subjects

F A Gries

Publications and source records attributed to F A Gries.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Improved metabolic state in insulin-tested diabetes. Self-testing of blood or urine glucose on 2 days per week].

Randomized serial tests of their metabolic state over four weeks, without self-testing and during daily urinary glucose-profile testing (4 tests) with the Diabur-Test or blood-glucose levels with the Haemo-Gluco-test 20-800 (5 tests daily) on two days weekly were undertaken on 27 unselected insulin-treated outpatient diabetes. HbA1, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL, LDL and HDL cholesterol were the target values. The following metabolic values were significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) during blood-glucose self-testing, compared with the results during the non-testing phase: HbA1 on average by 11%, blood-glucose (starving) by 20%, serum cholesterol by 9%, serum triglycerides by 13%. Self-testing of urinary glucose (compared with the test-free phase) brought little improvement in the metabolic state. The results of self-testing were the more impressive the worse the metabolic state during the phase without self-testing. Except for VLDL and HDL cholesterol, changes in HbA1 correlated well during all phases with changes in the other metabolic values (P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[New instrument for blood glucose determination. Results of a clinical trial of the Reflocheck].

Reflocheck, a new microprocessor-regulated apparatus determining blood sugar levels was tested in six laboratories. In the range of 20-450 mg/dl the apparatus gave precise results (co-efficient of variance 0.8%-6.4%), in good agreement with results by the hexokinase method. Reflocheck is an accurate and reliable instrument for the measuring of blood glucose levels.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Correlation of islet cell antibodies and HLA-DR phenotypes with diabetes mellitus in adults.

In a cross-sectional study, sera of 81 adult diabetic in-patients were tested for the presence of pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA), both IgG and complement-fixing. All patients had been well controlled initially with oral hypoglycaemic agents and therefore had been classified as having Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. However, 14 were subsequently classified as Type 1 (insulin-dependent) because they became insulin-dependent within 2 months of diagnosis. Ten of these patients (71%) were ICA-positive. Sixty-seven patients had been non-insulin-dependent for at least 1 year after diagnosis. Circulating ICA were present in 18 patients and 16 of these (89%) required insulin therapy. Secondary oral hypoglycaemic agent failure developed within a mean period of 3.7 years after diagnosis. In contrast, in the ICA-negative sub-group (n = 49) insulin treatment became necessary in 29 patients. Secondary oral hypoglycaemic agent failure of these patients had developed after a mean period of 8.4 years, which was significantly longer than in the ICA-positive patients (p less than 0.01). Complement-fixing-ICA were detected only in sera with an ICA-IgG titre of at least 8, and its prevalence was similar in the sub-groups tested, i.e., the Type 1 diabetic patients and the patients with secondary oral hypoglycaemic agent failure. With HLA-DR typing, a significant excess of the DR3 antigen and heterozygous DR3/DR4 phenotypes was found in ICA-positive patients with secondary oral hypoglycaemic agent failure and in the Type 1 diabetic patients, which was comparable with the frequencies reported in juvenile-onset Type 1 diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Gene and haplotype frequencies of the fourth component of complement (C4) in type 1 diabetics and normal controls.

C4 gene and haplotype frequencies were calculated from phenotype data of 380 unrelated Caucasian patients with insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus and were compared with analogous frequencies of 382 unrelated healthy Caucasian individuals. In diabetics, a significantly increased frequency of the rare allele C4B 3 (p less than 10(-7] and of the silent alleles C4A Q0 (p less than 10(-7] and B Q0 (p less than 0.002) was observed. Accordingly, insulin dependent diabetes is associated with partial C4 deficiency, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Alleles↗
PubMed1983

Functional and morphologic characterization of human insulinomas.

Circulating levels of insulin, proinsulin-like component, glucagon, growth hormone, and pancreatic polypeptide were measured in 12 patients with functioning insulinomas, and the suppressibility of serum insulin by somatostatin and diazoxide was assessed before surgical removal of the tumors. The hormone content of the tumors was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and by immunofluorescence and the structure of the tumor cells by electron microscopy. Based on these findings, we propose a new classification of insulinomas in two groups: group A is characterized morphologically by abundant well-granulated typical B-cells, trabecular arrangement of tumor cells, and uniform insulin immunofluorescence; functionally, these tumors are associated with a moderate elevation of proinsulin-like component and with an almost complete suppressibility of serum insulin by somatostatin and diazoxide. In contrast, tumors of group B are characterized by scarce well-granulated typical B-cells, a medullary-type histologic structure, and irregular insulin immunofluorescence; functionally these tumors show elevated circulating levels of proinsulin-like component and a marked resistance of insulin secretion to somatostatin and diazoxide inhibition. This way of separating human insulinomas in groups A and B represents a simplification of existing classifications and emphasizes the quantitative ultrastructure in relationship to suppressibility of insulin secretion. The proposed classification of human insulinomas in groups A and B, however, does not allow the assessment of the clinical or histopathologic malignancy of the tumors.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1982

[Small reflectometers, independent of the electric current, for home blood glucose monitoring. Testing for correctness and precision].

Thirty small reflectometers not requiring mains electricity (23 Glucosemeter and 7 individual appliances of various makes) were tested under standardised laboratory conditions as to their relative and absolute accuracy in the measurement of blood glucose. The hexokinase method delivered the reference values. The investigation demonstrated systematic deviations of 1 to 97%, coincidental deviations of 8 to 24% and total deviations of between 25 and 153%. If one accepts a value of up to 50% for the total deviation only 13 out of 30 reflectometers are acceptable. The results show that each individual meter must be assessed by the doctor before it can be given to the patient for glucose monitoring at home.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Treadmill training improves intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in fatty Zucker rats.

The effect of treadmill training on intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity was investigated in Zucker rats (fafa). In 25-week-old fafa animals with the typical metabolic syndrome of massive obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance, treadmill exercise of only very mild intensity was carried out for 6 weeks. The training programme induced a marked reduction in basal and post-glucose challenge plasma insulin levels and a slight but significant improvement of intravenous glucose tolerance. No alteration in insulin sensitivity of the isolated perfused hindquarter was demonstrable. In another study a 9-week training programme was started in 7-week-old fafa rats before the development of their metabolic syndrome. In the sedentary control animals glucose intolerance and insulin resistance developed during the study period; in the training group, both the deterioration of glucose tolerance and the decrease of insulin sensitivity were prevented. This study demonstrates in fafa rats that (a) in young animals physical training may prevent a genetically predisposed deterioration of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and (b) in adult animals mild physical training may improve intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of neomycin sulphate alone and in combination with D-thyroxine on serum lipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.

Treatment with neomycin sulphate 1.5 g/d for 8 weeks significantly lowered total serum cholesterol by an average of 19% in 15 out of 19 patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia and LDL-cholesterol by 21%, without significantly changing the corresponding triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Combined treatment with neomycin sulphate 1.5 g/d and d-thyroxine 6 mg/d for 8 weeks lowered total serum cholesterol in the same patients by an average of 30%, LDL-cholesterol by 27% and serum triglycerides by 18%, without significantly changing the HDL-cholesterol concentration. Continued treatment for 10 patients with neomycin sulphate 1.5 g/d for up to 13 months did not further change the reduced serum cholesterol level. 10 of 19 patients complained of side effects after 4-8 weeks of treatment with neomycin: 8 of recurrent diarrhoea, abdominal pain or poor appetite, and 4 of acute attacks of vertigo with nystagmus. All side effects were reversed a few days after stopping the neomycin treatment. No additional serious side effects due to d-thyroxine were observed. These serious side effects of neomycin sulphate limit its use to selected high risk patients with hypercholesterolaemia, who have failed to respond successfully to other LDL-cholesterol-lowering drugs. They stress the necessity for frequent monitoring for the side effects described.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies on inherited and acquired metabolic disorders in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts.

Cultured mesenchymal cells from insulin- and non-insulin-dependent diabetics with poor long-term control showed an increased growth rate as compared to age matched normal cells independent of the serum type used. These growth changes occurred independent of the genetic background as mesenchymal cells, (a) from four pancreatectomized diabetics with poor long-term metabolic control showed similar increased growth rates and (b) from two diabetics with good metabolic long-term control showed no growth changes as compared to age matched controls. There is no evidence (a) for the specific impact of obesity on these cell associated growth changes, and (b) for cell associated differences between cultured mesenchymal cells from diabetics and normal controls as far as protein and lipoprotein metabolism are concerned. The metabolic control of diabetes is of primary importance for the regulation of growth, protein synthesis and for lipoprotein binding and degradation in cultured mesenchymal cells independent of their origin, as serum from diabetics with poor metabolic control increased in these cells growth, protein synthesis and lipoprotein metabolism. Serum from well controlled diabetics did not differ from normal serum in its growth stimulating effects. As far as obesity could effect the metabolic control of diabetes, probably this could also affect indirectly the metabolism of mesenchymal cells. The interaction of cell associated and serum factors can further increase the observed growth and metabolic changes of mesenchymal cells. As far as these cell and serum related changes also occur in vivo they could contribute to the accelerated atherogenic development in diabetics as well as to an increased basal lamina layering in different tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Disorders of glucose metabolism and manifestation of diabetes during treatment of endogenous hypertriglyceridemias (author's transl)].

Disturbances of glucose metabolism are frequent concomitant findings with hypertriglyceridemias (HTG). Whether the manifestation of diabetes mellitus is favored by it is, however, unknown. In an observation study disturbed glucose metabolism was present in 47 of 91 cases of HTG, without drug therapy of diabetes being carried out. The study shows that glucose metabolism disorders in HTG annually regress in about 3% of cases and about 0.6 to 0.7% of the cases require drug treatment. Since retrospective and prospective analyses show that development of glucose tolerance disorders is closely related to changes in triglyceride concentrations, HTG must be considered as factors favoring diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[HLA association of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I (author's transl)].

HLA antigens A, B, C, DR and BF were determined in 14 sibling pairs with type I diabetes and in 61 patients without familial risks. Significantly positive associations of the disease with HLA DR3 and DR4 and a negative association with DR2 were found. Positive and negative associations with the various HLA A, B and C antigens (A1, A2, B8, B15, B18, Cw3) are of a secondary nature due to strong genetic coupling with primarily associated DR alleles. Localisation of diabetes-associated genes in the HLA DR region could be demonstrated in two families with HLA recombinations. In both cases the hypothetic disease gene segregated with the HLA DR segment. Joint evaluation of these data in an international series involving 1200 type I diabetics showed furthermore that around 90% of all patients are DR3 and/or DR4 positive, that the highest morbidity risk exists in DR3/4 heterozygosity and that DR4 positive persons usually fall ill before their 20th year of life and frequently in the last 3 months of the year. Allotment of clinical, epidemiological, virological and immunological criteria of type I diabetes to only one of the both risk factors indicates heterogeneous immunopathogenesis of the disease. HLA DR3 predisposes particularly to endocrine autoimmune disease and DR4 to increased virus susceptibility.

Adult↗