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Biomedical subjects

F Botet

Publications and source records attributed to F Botet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Abnormal orbitofrontal development due to prematurity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of prematurity on sulcal formation. METHODS: We evaluated the depth and volume of the primary olfactory sulcus (developed at 16 weeks' gestation) and the secondary orbital sulci (which start to develop at 28 weeks' gestation) in a sample of 22 adolescents with history of very-preterm birth (VPTB). We compared this preterm sample with a sample of subjects born at term and matched by age, gender, and sociocultural status. The Anatomist/BrainVISA 3.0.1 package was used to identify and quantify the sulci. In addition, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze possible reductions of gray and white matter in the orbitofrontal area. RESULTS: Compared with controls, we found a significant reduction in the secondary sulci depth but not in the primary sulcus in the VPTB. VBM analysis showed reduced gray-matter volume in VPTB in the orbital region. CONCLUSIONS: Premature birth affects cerebral gyrification, and this impairment is not reversible during childhood. Identification of the specific factors involved in abnormal brain maturation may lead to effective interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Expired nitric oxide in the newborn with high risk of perinatal infection.

The objective of this study is to determine expired nitric oxide (expNO) in the first 3 days of life in relation to: hours of life, gestational age, type of labor, and risk of perinatal infection. Our hypothesis has been that expNO increases in newborns with high risk of perinatal infection. Total expNO was measured in 166 newborns: 108 healthy (63 full-term and 45 preterm), 30 with low risk of perinatal infection, and 28 with high risk of perinatal infection treated with antibiotics but without positive hemoculture. Expired gas was collected using a face mask and NO concentration was determined by chemiluminescence. Total expNO neither correlated with gestational age, birth weight or serum NOx, nor changed after cesarean section, but was related to hours of life. Total expNO in the < or = 36-hour subgroups (median, interquartile range) was higher in the high-risk perinatal infection newborns ( n = 8; 5.33 (4.5-7.2) nL/min*Kg) than in healthy newborns ( n = 59; 4.13 (3.5-4.7) nL/min*kg) or low-risk perinatal infection newborns ( n = 18; 3.99 (3.4-4.7) nL/min*kg). In the 37 to 72-hour subgroups there were also differences between healthy newborns ( n = 49; 4.68 (4.1-5.3) nL/min*kg) or low-risk perinatal infection newborns on the one hand ( n = 12, 4.55 (3.9-5.2) nL/min*kg) and high risk perinatal infection newborns on the other ( n = 20; 9.69 (7.6-11.1) nL/min*kg). Then, total expNO increased in newborns with high risk of perinatal infection, regardless of hours of life.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2001

(1)H-MR spectroscopy is sensitive to subtle effects of perinatal asphyxia.

The authors performed neuropsychological and (1)H-MRS studies in 18 subclinical patients with antecedents of perinatal asphyxia (PA) and in 18 matched control subjects. Patients with PA showed reduced values of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in both the basal ganglia and the midtemporal region (MTR) and reduced NAA/choline values in the MTR. Neuropsychological testing showed group differences in tasks related to attention and memory. These results indicate persistent dysfunctions in cerebral structures vulnerable to hypoxia and demonstrate the utility of MRS for the long-term evaluation of cerebral sequelae of neonatal asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Neuropsychological long-term sequelae of perinatal asphyxia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term neuropsychological consequences of perinatal asphyxia (PA). METHODS: A group of adolescents were assessed with antecedents of mild (n = 8) and moderate (n = 20) PA, and a matched group of 28 healthy adolescents as a control group. Neuropsychological assessment included tests of memory, perceptual-motor skills, and frontal lobe functions, because these are areas of cognitive functioning susceptible to hypoxic conditions. RESULTS: Subjects with moderate PA showed significant differences from the control group on tests related to delayed recall for both verbal and visual information, perceptual-motor speed, and tests assessing attention and executive functions. Conversely, subjects in the mild PA group exhibited scores which were similar to those of the control group in all the assessed variables. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate that subtle but persistent neuropsychological deficits were observed in adolescents with antecedents of moderate PA, but not in those classified with mild asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Prediction of hyperbilirubinaemia in the healthy term newborn.

UNLABELLED: The aim is to establish the correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) and serum bilirubin (TSB) and its predictive value for significant hyperbilirubinaemia > or = 290 mcmol/L (17 mg/dL). We studied a total of 2004 healthy full-term newborns, weight 3.230 g +/- 491 g; 90% received breast milk. The study was performed in two phases. In the first phase (610 newborns), the following tests were carried out: hematocrit and bilirubin in umbilical cord blood; TCB at 24 h, 48 h and between 60 h and 96 h at the forehead and over the sternum; TSB was measured along with this last test. In the second phase (1394 newborns), the predictive value of TCB and TSB was validated. The incidence of bilirubin > or = 290 mcmol/L was 2.95% and 3.2%. The correlation between TSB and TCB is high (n = 996; r = 0.92; y = 5.916 + 0.804x; p < 0.000). There was a better correlation between TCB and TSB with sternal compared to forehead determination (< 24 h: 0.81 vs 0.77; 24-48 h: 0.887 vs 0.83; and > 48 h: 0.94 vs 0.83). The study showed the scant sensitivity of umbilical cord blood bilirubin and good predictive value at 24 h of TSB > or = 102 mcmol/L (6 mg/dL) and at 48 h of TSB > or = 154 mcmol/L (9 mg/dL) and TCB > or = 13 (equivalent to 154 mcmol/L). CONCLUSION: There is a good correlation between TCB and TSB. In infants with TSB > or = 102 mcmol/L at 24 h or TSB > or = 154 mcmol/L or transcutaneous readings > or = 13 h at 48 h, a TSB test must be performed after 48 h of life.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1998

The incidence of breastfeeding in our environment.

AIMS: To establish the incidence of breastfeeding and its persistence after three and six months; to identify the factors which might modify attitudes towards breastfeeding. METHODS: An interview, administered to mothers of term born infants of adequate weight for gestational age, after a delivery of one sole foetus, between 1st March and 31st May 1997. Mothers were asked about: previous pregnancies, children and type of feeding; during this pregnancy, their intentions regarding feeding; supervision of pregnancy, and the information received regarding breastfeeding; their work situation, and educational level. Questions regarding the neonatal period referred to the kind of lactation initiated, information received, and the use of a pacifier and supplements. A two-part poll was conducted by telephone after 3 months and after 6 months, enquiring about what kind of feeding was used, the reason for change (if any), who had provided information regarding the change, degree of satisfaction, and work situation. Three hundred and twenty-nine polls were completed, accounting for 70% of the births. RESULTS: During pregnancy, 91% of mothers had intended to breastfeed, and this figure was maintained at birth. A trend towards breastfeeding was observed: 74% of those who had fed earlier children artificially started breastfeeding this time, compared with 7% of mothers who changed from breastfeeding to artificial feeding. After three months, 57% of mothers continued to breastfeed their child, and 24% after six months. High educational level exerted a positive influence on the duration of breastfeeding (OR = 1.7; p = 0.03) and the giving of supplements had a negative effect (OR = 0.4; p = 0.04). The fact that mothers work outside the home did not modify the duration of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of breastfeeding is high (91%). Among mothers with previous children, there is a greater trend to change from artificial feeding to breastfeeding (74% vs 7%; p < 0.002). The mother's educational level is the most important positive factor, and the early giving of supplements the most important negative factor.

Attitude↗
PubMed1998

Administration of antibiotics to patients with rupture of membranes at term: a prospective, randomized, multicentric study. Collaborative Group on PROM.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether antibiotic administration changes the rate of materno-fetal infectious morbidity in premature rupture of membranes occurring later than 35 weeks of gestation. METHODS: A prospective, randomized and multicentric study in the Perinatology Units of eleven hospitals in Spain. Women were randomized to either antibiotic administration or control group. All were induced, if labor had not started spontaneously after 12 hours of ruptured membranes. Main outcome measures were maternal infection (chorioamnionitis and endometritis) and neonatal infectious morbidity (neonatal sepsis, meningitis and bronchopneumonia). RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirty-three patients were enrolled in the study, 371 in the antibiotics group and 362 in the control group. The incidence of chorioamnionitis and puerperal endometritis were reduced but the differences are statistically nonsignificant. However, the incidence of neonatal sepsis was significantly lower in newborns to mothers who had received antibiotics, 1 vs. 7 cases (Fisher's exact test, p<0.007). CONCLUSION: The study strongly suggests that prophylactic use of antibiotics in premature rupture of membranes occurring at 36 or more weeks of gestation reduces the risk of neonatal sepsis and probably maternal endometritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Neonatal outcome in women treated for the antiphospholipid syndrome during pregnancy.

The aim of this study was to determine the neonatal outcome in women with well-characterized antiphospholipid syndrome treated during pregnancy with low-dose aspirin. We compared 38 babies born after 36 pregnancies of 33 women diagnosed as having antiphospholipid syndrome with a group of 38 control infants matched for the same gestational age at birth. In all 76 newborns we studied the maternal events associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome, mothers' treatment and neonatal data. All mothers with antiphospholipid syndrome were treated with low-dense aspirin. Prednisone was only prescribed due to maternal complications and heparin in a case of thrombosis. No significant relation was found between maternal treatment and neonatal complications. The prematurity rate in these newborns was high 14% and the neonatal mortality (5.8%) was only associated with extreme prematurity (p < 0.001). In our population the overall rate of neonatal complications was higher than in the general population, but when compared with a similar group of newborns no significant differences were found. Our results suggest that primary antiphospholipid syndrome appears to be improved by low-dose aspirin treatment, with a high rate of neonatal survival (95%). Except for prematurity and its potential associated complications, fetal and neonatal outcome is very favourable and no significant relation between maternal treatment and neonatal pathology has been detected.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1997

Changes in TcPCO2 regarding pulmonary mechanics due to pneumotachometer dead space in ventilated newborns.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of added dead space on PaCO2 after application of a pneumotachometer during the measurement of pulmonary mechanics. The study was based on 24 observations of TcPCO2 changes during the measurement of pulmonary function in 9 newborns subjected to mechanical ventilation. All newborns remained stable during the 23 minutes of the test. The introduction of a low dead space pneumotachometer (1.7 mL) for 10 minutes led to an increase in TcPCO2 of 5.40 +/- 2.66 mm Hg, from 39.76 +/- 8.69 to 45.17 +/- 9.22. Pulmonary mechanics indexes that correlated with the percentage of CO2 increase were peak inspiratory flow and expiratory time/time constant. When the pneumotachometer was removed, TcPCO2 fell but remained 0.99 +/- 2.13 mm Hg above basal TcPCO2. Final TcPCO2 tended to relate negatively with the minute volume. We conclude that this transient increase in PaCO2 should be born in mind in neonates with a high basal level and can be prevented by maintaining a long expiratory time and a high minute volume.

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗
PubMed1995

Influence on fetal growth of exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy.

We analysed the effect of exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy on fetal growth parameters in 129 term newborns. Children were classified into four depending on exposure on the basis of a questionnaire completed by the mother. The results confirmed that tobacco smoking reduced weight, length, cranial and thoracic perimeters at birth when exposure was due to either active or passive smoking. Weight deficits of infants whose mothers smoked heavily (458 g) were higher than those whose mothers were exposed to passive smoking (192 g). We conclude that passive smoking is a very important variable and should be taken into account in any study of neonatal growth parameters.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Premature rupture of membranes in early pregnancy. Neonatal prognosis.

The aim of the study was to establish neonatal prognosis in cases of PROM onset in early pregnancy. Pregnancies included in a multicenter study. Group (E) are 16 pregnant women with PROM between 23 and 27 weeks of gestation. Group (D) are 22 pregnant women with PROM between 28 and 30 weeks of gestation. Group (E) women delivered between 24-36 weeks (x = 29.25 w; SE 0.92; confidence 95%: 27.2-31.2 w). 5/16 newborns died, two in the delivery room and three in the first days of life. Survival in this group was 11/16 (68.75%). 8/14 suffered from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), severe in six. 2/14 newborns suffered from early onset sepsis and 6/14 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Group (D) women delivered between 28-36 weeks (x 30.48 w; SE 0.38; confidence 95% 29.6-31.2 w. Only one newborn died from sepsis (Streptococcus agalactiae). Survival in this group was 21/22 (95.45%). 5/21 newborns suffered from RDS, severe only in one. Early onset sepsis in 2/22 and IVH 6/21. Infection has a high incidence in newborn infants with PROM. Mortality is related to respiratory distress syndrome. The most common problems are respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Marginality, ethnic groups and health].

Main marginated ethnic groups in Span are to be found among gypsies and 3rd world immigrants. The first group include about 250,000 persons and the second group more tan half a million people. Their origins and their being past of the less fortunate social layers made them a group of health risk. Pediatric pathologies are those favored by socio-economic shortcomings as well as hygienic-sanitary deficiencies. Imported pediatric pathologies have a small incident.

Child↗
PubMed1987

[Perinatal aspects of the children of heroin addicts].

Maternal, perinatal and neonatal factors of 27 newborns of heroin addicted mothers were reviewed between 1980 and 1984. Results were compared with a control group of 2,587 normal newborns. A progressive increase in number of cases was observed in the last years. Mean age of heroin-addicted mothers was significant lower than control group (p less than 0.001). Only 18.5% were under obstetrical control for at least 4 times (p less than 0.001) and 40.7% had antecedents previous abortions (p less than 0.025). Four cases of maternal syphilis were diagnosed and also four mother were positive to HBsAg; statistical difference in both cases was highly significant with respect to control group (p less than 0.001). A higher index of premature rupture of membranes (11.1%, p less than 0.001) and cesarean sections (25.9%, p less than 0.001) was appreciated. No significant difference was observed attending to fetal presentation, instrumental delivery, Apgar test scores and pH of umbilical artery (p greater than 0.05). A higher incidence of preterm (18.5%, p less than 0.01) and small for gestational age babies (44.4%, p less than 0.001) was ascertained. Pregnancy control and no smoking habit might influence birth weight (p less than 0.001). Neonatal withdrawal syndrome was present in 44.4% and was related to mother's last dose and secondary to degree of heroin abuse (p less than 0.025).

Birth Weight↗