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Biomedical subjects

F Bureau

Publications and source records attributed to F Bureau.

64 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Prolonged parenteral nutrition in pediatrics: technics and indications].

Prolonged parenteral nutrition is an indispensable technique in a number of gastro-intestinal and non-gastro-intestinal indications in the field of paediatrics. The catheter should be placed in the superior vena cava either percutaneously or surgically. The maintenance of the infusion line, the dressings and the monitoring of the child should be conducted by a specialised nursing team. The carbohydrate and protein nutrients are prepared in the pharmacy and should be adapted daily. The complexity of this technique requires a close collaboration between physicians, surgeons, pharmacists and biochemists. The iatrogenic and metabolic complications may be multiple and severe, but can be reduced to a minimum by a rigorous methodology.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromium status of full-term and preterm newborns.

In order to obtain reference values from normal babies, Cr status of full-term newborns has been studied. Plasma and urine values were (mean +/- SEM) 0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms/L and 0.9 +/- 0.3 micrograms/L, respectively, for the first month of life (n = 19), and 0.6 +/- 0.1 micrograms/L and 0.8 +/- 0.2 micrograms/L for the second-to-third-month period (n = 31). Premature newborns (gestational age 28-36 wk) were compared to these control values; concentrations were 0.9 +/- 0.1 micrograms/L and 1.1 +/- 0.2 micrograms/L for the first month (n = 47), and 1.0 +/- 0.2 micrograms/L and 1.5 +/- 0.3 micrograms/L for the second to third months (n = 27). For the whole group, there was a positive correlation between plasma and urine concentrations (p = 0.0001); multiple regression analysis was performed between plasma levels and gestational age at birth (p = -0.002) and postnatal age (NS). Plasma levels of prematures and full terms were statistically different (p = 0.03) only for the second- to third-month period. It is suggested that these high Cr levels result from high dietary intakes and/or high absorption rates.

Chromium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma chromium concentrations in normal infants and cystic fibrosis patients.

Plasma Cr concentrations have been studied in normal children aged 0-14 yr. Levels ranged from 0.65 to 0.88 microgram/l and did not change with age. Plasma concentrations of CF patients given 0.5-0.75 microgram Cr/kg/d in addition to their diet were similar to normal values. There was no correlation between these plasma values and growth retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of zinc intestinal absorption and reduction of zinc/iron interaction using metal bound to the caseinophosphopeptide 1-25 of beta-casein.

Binding zinc (Zn) to soluble caseinophosphopeptides (CN), produced by the hydrolysis of caseins, improves its absorption and could prevent inhibition by other nutrients such as iron (Fe). The absorption of Zn (100 mumol/L) bound to the 1-25 CN (beta-CN(1-25)) of beta-casein, or as ZnSO4 was studied using the isolated, perfused rat intestinal loop system. Fe (Fe-CN or Fe gluconate (Fe Gluc)) was added at Zn/Fe ratios of 2:1, 1:5 and 1:10. Disappearance from the lumen (Q1) and net absorption (ZnAbs) of Zn-CN were statistically greater than for ZnSO4; Zn retention by the mucosa (Q2) did not significantly differ. Fe Gluc reduced Q1, Q2 and ZnAbs for ZnSO4 at ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 and for Zn-CN at a ratio of 1:10. Fe-CN reduced Q1 and ZnAbs of both forms of Zn at a ratio of 1:10; Q2 remained unchanged. Binding Zn to beta-CN(1-25) improved Zn absorption and prevented Fe from inhibiting its absorption.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of stabilising amino acids on the digestive absorption of heme and non-heme iron.

We used the Ussing chamber model to study heme iron absorption by rat duodenal mucosa. Heme iron was obtained by enzymic digestion of bovine haemoglobin and concentration of heme (HPH). Its uptake and mucosal transfer was compared to iron gluconate (Gluc), at 100 microM and 1 mM. At 100 microM iron uptake (Qtot), mucosal retention (Qm) and transfer across the mucosa (Qs) was similar for the two sources of iron. Qs was significantly higher at 1 mM for Gluc but not for HPH, and was associated with higher levels of Qm. Addition of L-histidine did not improve iron absorption and indeed it decreased it if iron was provided as Gluc. L-cysteine increased the transfer of iron of both sources. In the in vitro model using rat digestive mucosa, heme iron appeared to be an efficiently used source of iron, which might prevent its accumulation by gut when supplied in excess.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of inulin with urea as dilutional markers of bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy and heaves-affected horses.

Solute analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid involves the use of dilutional markers to correct for variable recovery of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF). Urea is the best characterised endogenous marker, whereas inulin appears to meet the requirements of an exogenous marker. In horses, the use of inulin has never been investigated and the impact of lower airway diseases such as heaves, on PELF recovery is unknown. In this study, five healthy and five heaves-affected horses underwent airway endoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. PELF recovery from bronchoalveolar lavage was calculated by the inulin and the urea method. The inulin method was compared to the urea method and differences between healthy and heaves-affected horses were analysed. From a technical and analytical point of view, inulin fulfilled the requirements of a marker of dilution as well as urea. When both healthy and heaves-affected horses groups were pooled together, PELF recovery calculated by the inulin method was significantly higher than by the urea method (6.43+/-4.08% versus 0.789+/-0.299%, P < 0.005). No significant differences were observed between healthy and heaves-affected horses, neither by the inulin nor by the urea method. Inulin did not present major advantages over urea, but the combined use of both markers can improve the standardisation of studies comparing PELF compounds, by providing upper limits (inulin dilution) and lower limits (urea dilution) of PELF recovery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchoconstrictive properties of inhaled 8-epi-PGF2alpha in healthy and heaves-susceptible horses.

The 8-epi-PGF2alpha is a marker of oxidative stress which is increased in lungs of asthmatic humans and heaves-susceptible horses. 8-Epi-PGF2alpha has also been demonstrated to be an in vitro and in vivo bronchoconstrictor in humans and rodents. We hypothesised that inhaled 8-epi-PGF2alpha was a bronchoconstrictor in healthy and heaves-susceptible horses in clinical remission. The effect on ventilatory mechanics of nebulised 8-epi-PGF2alpha was compared to that of PGF2alpha and U46619, a thromboxane A2 agonist. Pulmonary resistance (R(L)) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were assessed in six healthy horses and in six heaves-susceptible horses in clinical remission before (baseline) and immediately after a single inhalation challenge of 1 mg 8-epi-PGF2alpha PGF2alpha, or U46619 and placebo. R(L) and Cdyn were unchanged after inhalation of 8-epi-PGF2alpha in healthy horses. In heaves-susceptible horses, 8-epi-PGF2alpha induced a significant increase of R(L) and a significant decrease of Cdyn when compared to baseline values. Differences between R(L) and Cdyn values after 8-epi-PGF2alpha inhalation and those of placebo inhalation were not significant. Differences with healthy horses were not significant. PGF2alpha and U46619 induced a significant bronchoconstriction in healthy (R(L) and Cdyn versus baseline) and heaves-susceptible horses (R(L) and Cdyn, versus baseline and placebo), the R(L) increase in heaves-susceptible horses after PGF2alpha inhalation was significantly higher than that in healthy horses. Our results suggest that 8-epi-PGF2alpha is not a bronchoconstrictor in healthy horses, and a bronchoconstrictor far less efficient than PGF2alpha and U46619 at the same dose in heaves-susceptible horses.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cross-sectional study of plasma and urinary aluminum levels in term and preterm infants.

High aluminum levels have been reported in sick and intravenously fed premature infants; however, aluminum is a ubiquitous pollutant of food. This study compares the usual aluminum levels of healthy newborns from birth to the third month of life with those of enterally fed premature infants free of renal failure. Plasma and urine concentrations were determined 66 times in full-term newborns (n = 58), 56 times in a group of preterm infants whose gestational age at birth was 28 to 32 weeks (n = 36) and 54 times in another group of preterm infants whose gestational age at birth was 33 to 36 weeks (n = 50). Daily aluminum intakes (+/- SE) of the full-term infants and the two groups of preterm infants were 0.42 +/- 0.05, 0.64 +/- 0.03, and 0.52 +/- 0.03 mumol/kg per day, respectively (p = .05). Plasma aluminum levels were 0.29 +/- 0.05, 0.49 +/- 0.06, and 0.39 +/- 0.05 mumol/L (p = .007); urine excretion levels were 0.80 +/- 0.12, 0.77 +/- 0.21, and 0.78 +/- 0.2 mumol of aluminum/mmol of creatinine (p value not significant). Although the metabolic consequences of the high aluminum intakes and blood levels we have observed in very low birth weight infants remain to be assessed, these results suggest that more attention should be paid to the aluminum status and intake of healthy premature babies.

Aluminum↗