PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F Cho

Publications and source records attributed to F Cho.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)].

Glucose tolerance tests were performed with fourteen cynomolgus monkeys. They were divided into two groups with regard to the serum glucose level at the time of routine health-examination. Nine of them had normal glucose level (below 123 mg/dl, the normal group) and the other five monkeys exhibited hyperglycemia (the abnormal group). Fifty per cent glucose solution was administered into the saphenous vein at a dose of 4 ml/head. Blood samples were taken just before and 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the glucose administration. K-value (K = 0.693/t 1/2 X 100) as the decreasing rate of serum glucose during from 5 to 60 minutes after the administration was calculated. Average K-value for eight monkeys of the normal group was 3.12 +/- 0.48. Both immunoreactive insulin level (IRI) and C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) increased just after the glucose administration and began to decrease 5 to 30 minutes after the administration in all the eight animals. Remaining one animal (No. 009) of the normal group showed 1.03 in K-value. For the abnormal group, K-value averaged 0.75 +/- 0.25. IRI was slightly higher in this group than in the 8 monkeys of the normal group. Furthermore, the abnormal group did not show any definite change of a certain trend in IRI and CPR. In conclusion, the former 8 monkeys were judged to be normal in the function of pancreatic beta-cells, and the latter 5 monkeys and No. 009 monkey were judged to be suffering from type II (noninsulin dependent) diabetes mellitus at different stages of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Abnormal findings in the ocular fundi of colony-born cynomolgus monkeys].

The ocular fundi of 1,151 apparently healthy colony-born cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) ranging in age from newborn to 19 years were examined using an ophthalmoscope. Two hundred and thirty-eight abnormal findings were recorded in 219 of the 1,151 monkeys. Of these, 23 were related to the optic disc and 115 to the retinal vessels. Of the remaining 100 abnormal findings, 91 were retinal degenerations and 9 were retinal hemorrhages. The 23 optic disc abnormalities consisted of 3 cases of micropapilla, 4 of ectasia and 16 of myelination of the retinal nerve fibers. Of the 115 retinal vascular abnormalities, 87 were arterial tortuosity, one was venous tortuosity, 2 were tortuosity of both artery and vein, 2 were artery-vein crossing, 20 were copper-wire artery, one was inosculation of the artery, one was vascularization of the vein and one was persistent hyaloid artery. Of the 91 retinal degenerations, one was degeneration of the periphery of the macular and the optic disc, 8 were macular degeneration and 82 were peripheral degeneration. Nine cases of retinal hemorrhages appeared under 6 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

[Measurement of serum prolactin and the effect of ketamine anesthesia on serum prolactin levels in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)].

The effect of an anesthetic, ketamine, on the serum prolactin level was examined in wild-originating female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from South East Asia. Serum prolactin levels were measured by the homologous radioimmunoassay system which was developed for human prolactin. The validity was confirmed by using an extract of pituitary gland from a female cynomolgus monkey as well as serum and amniotic fluid from a pregnant monkey. Additionally, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined by the radioreceptor assay system developed in our laboratory using Leydig cells collected from rat's testes as a receptor fraction. The experiment was repeated three times at one-month interval, using twenty animals that were divided into three groups consisting of 5, 7 and 8 monkeys each. In the first experiment, the first group was injected with physiological saline and the second and third groups were intramuscularly given ketamine at a dose level of 5 mg/kg B.W. and 15 mg/kg B.W., respectively. In the second experiment, the first and second groups were given ketamine at a dose of 5 mg/kg B.W. and of 15 mg/kg B.W., respectively, and the third group was served as control injected with saline. In the third experiment, the first and third groups were administered with 15 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of ketamine and the second group was injected with saline. In short, all of the twenty monkeys received the three different treatments for two months. The serum prolactin level showed a marked increase after the administration of ketamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between fetal position and stillbirth in the cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): retrospective analysis.

Retrospective analyses were made on the relationship between fetal position and stillbirth, using 703 pregnant cynomolgus monkeys. Incidence of the breech position was 59.1% to 12 weeks of gestation. The rate decreased stepwise to 10.4% on the day before delivery. Twenty-one (65.6%) of 32 monkeys who were in the breech position on the day before delivery had stillbirths, whereas only one stillbirth occurred among 275 monkeys whose fetuses were in the cephalic position.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Radioreceptor assay for cynomolgus monkey serum luteinizing hormone.

Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) of cynomolgus monkeys was measured by radioreceptor assay (RRA). The assay system consisted of 100 microliter of standard or unknown samples, 100 microliter of a receptor preparation and 100 microliter of 125I-LH (LER-960). Dispersed interstitial cells of mature rat testes were suspended in Tris-HCl buffer containing MgSO4 (5 mM), bovine serum albumin (0.1%) and sucrose (0.3 M) and used as the receptor preparation. 125I-LH was dissolved in the same buffer. The incubation was carried out at 37 degrees C for 2 to 3 hr. The nonspecific inhibitory effect of sera in the radioreceptor assay system was compensated for by using LH-free diluent prepared by heat treatment of pooled sera. Validation of the assay demonstrated good reliability in terms of accuracy, precision and sensitivity (equivalent to 3.1 micrograms LER-907/ml of serum). Recovery experiments were performed by adding known amounts of cynomolgus pituitary LH to the normal serum and mean recovery and the standard deviation of the mean was 86 +/- 13%. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7 and 9%, respectively. By using this RRA system, cyclic changes in serum LH during the menstrual cycle were determined in three adult female cynomolgus monkeys. These results indicate that this RRA system is useful in measuring serum LH in female cynomolgus monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Ophthalmoscopic observations of ocular fundus in colony-born cynomolgus monkeys aged from 0 day to 90 days].

Apparently healthy 242 colony-born cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) aged from 0 day to 90 days were examined for the findings of ocular fundus by using ophthalmoscope. One drop of mixed solution of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride was instilled into each eye of the monkey. Then, those monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine-HC1 at the dose level of 10mg/kg B. W. Regular and fluorescein photographs were taken with Kowa RC-II ophthalmoscope-camera by using daylight typed color film. Following findings were obtained in each age class: Retinal color was salmon pink with 0 to 3-days-old neonates, salmon pink and blue to green with 7 days to 14-days-old animals and blue to green with 60-days to 90-days-old monkeys. As regards optic disc, 0- to 14-days-old animals were observed to be light orange in color, and the infant aged more than 28-days showed orange color. Retinal arteries and veins were lightly reddish in color with every age class. Macular color was salmon pink in 0-day-old cases, slightly dark in 3-days-old neonates and very dark after 14-days of age. Lightly retinal reflex was noted in 0- and 7-days-old animals. The reflex was observable in 14-days-old animals without any case of exception. Retinal hemorrhages were recorded in 22 (67%) of 36 neonates born in natural condition and 10 (33%) of 30 neonates born by cesarean section. These findings will be useful as the criteria for ophthalmoscopic observations of the cynomolgus monkeys as laboratory use.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Persistence and disappearance of hyaloid artery in newborn cynomolgus monkeys].

Apparently healthy 45 newborn cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were examined for the persistence and disappearance of the hyaloid artery by using an ophthalmoscope. On the day of birth, the hyaloid artery was observed in all the newborn animals. Between 21 and 45 days of age, the hyaloid artery faded without exception. The persistence of the hyaloid artery in the newborns and its disappearance during an early period of life can be regarded as a normal phenomenon in the developmental process of infant cynomolgus monkeys.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Immunological characteristics of anti-A and anti-B blood group antibodies in the cynomolgus monkey.

Anti-A and anti-B blood group antibodies in the cynomolgus monkey sera were serologically characterized. 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) inactivated these antibodies of both group-A and group-B sera. Furthermore, soluble human ABH substances neutralized these antibody activities. However, these activities were not inhibited by anti-human IgG or IgA serum but by anti-human IgM serum. By gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, the anti-A and anti-B antibodies reacting readily in saline media were detected in the fractions corresponding to the IgM antibodies. Thus, anti-A and anti-B antibodies in group-B and group-A sera were judged to be mainly of IgM. In contrast to group-A and group-B sera, group-O serum contained IgG antibodies of high titers besides IgM antibodies. Neither 2-ME nor anti-human IgM serum affected these antibody activities. On the basis of the results of the inhibition test using anti-human immunoglobulin sera as well as of gel filtration, group-O sera were divided into the following two categories, the one having only IgG reacting well in the Coombs method and the one having both IgM and IgG.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

The placental transfer of IgG in the cynomolgus monkey.

The placental transfer of IgG from the mother to her fetus was investigated with colony-bred cynomolgus monkeys. Very low levels of IgG were detected in sera of 84 days old fetus, indicating that transplacental transfer of IgG had started by this fetal age. Afterwards, gradual increase in the IgG level continued till 140 days of fetal age. A marked increase in the level was noted after 140 days of fetal age, during the last 4 weeks of full gestation term. Fetal anti-measles antibody increased in a pattern similar to that in the IgG level. The IgG level and anti-measles and anti-streptolysin O antibody titers of newborns never exceeded those of their mothers.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunoglobulins and measles antibody in sera of newborn cynomolgus monkeys and in milk of their mothers.

The changes in the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) level and in the measles antibody titer were examined with colony-born infant cynomolgus monkeys from 0 day to 26 weeks in age. In addition, their mother-monkey's milk was analyzed for Ig. The decrease in the IgG level after birth was more remarkable in the infants born with high IgG levels than those born with low IgG levels. The IgM level prominently increased for the first 3 weeks after birth in the infants born with low IgG levels, while the increase was not so prominent in those born with high IgG levels. Anti-measles antibody titers decreased linearly with a half-life of 3.4 +/- 0.4 weeks after birth regardless of the titer at birth. A significant amount of IgA, a very small amount of IgM and little IgG were detected in the milk collected just after parturition. Ig of any class was no longer found in the milk collected one to 6 weeks after parturition. These results suggest that the initial level of transplacentally transferred IgG must be one of the important factors influencing the subsequent development of infant monkey's own immunoglobulin synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Anti-A and anti-B blood group antibody levels in relation to age in cynomolgus monkeys.

Anti-A and anti-B blood group antibody levels were determined with serum samples of 583 cynomolgus monkeys of group-A and group-B, aged from 4 days to 15 years or more. Eight group-A infants free from anti-B antibody at ages of 4 to 25 days were consecutively followed up for the appearance of anti-B antibody. It appeared at ages between 68 and 160 days. Both anti-A and anti-B levels rose with increase in the age and reached a maximum at the age of 4 to 5 years. After that the levels gradually fell with aging.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

[Menstrual cycle lengths and the estimated time of ovulation in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)].

Establishing of an efficient system for the judgement of an optimal mating time is an important prerequisite for the successful development of a large scale breeding of macaques as laboratory animals. In general, an optimal mating time has been judged on the basis of individual records of menstruation. The length of the previous menstrual cycle has usually been used for the prediction of the next cycle length. In the present study, the lengths of 240 menstrual cycles of 60 cynomolgus monkeys of our breeding colony were statistically analysed. The mean and the standard deviation of those cycle-lengths were 29.4 and 4.3 days, respectively. Correlationship between the length of a menstrual cycle and the length of its previous cycle was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). However, practically the correlation was not meaningful because the correlation coefficient (r) was very small even if the length of the second one of two successive cycles (r = 0.26) or the average length of three successive cycles (r = 0.36) is selected as a reference length. In other words, a cycle length can not be predicted on the basis of the length of the previous menstrual cycle. However, a marked increase of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration was observed from 8 to 15 days after menstruation. In 60 per cent of the animals observed, FSH increased 10 to 11 days after menstruation. Ovulation was observed one or two days later than the day of FSH increase. Therefore, the optimal mating time is judged to be between 11 and 14 days after menstruation regardless of the menstrual cycle length.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Age-related immunoglobulin levels in cynomolgus monkeys.

Serum immunoglobulin levels were measured with 144 domestically-bred cynomolgus monkeys, aged 0 day to 18 years. IgG level of the newborn just after birth was somewhat lower than that of their mother monkeys, continuing to decrease for 3 postnatal months. Thereafter, the level began to increase gradually till 4 to 5 years when an adult level was attained. IgA was detected on the day of birth in half of the animals and started to increase soon after birth, reaching an adult level in 5 to 6 years. A relatively low level of IgM was detected in all animals at birth. The increase of IgM level continued till 5 years of age. These patterns of immunoglobulin levels related to age are very similar to those of rhesus monkeys and human.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Detection of ABO group-specific substances on the red cells of the cynomolgus monkey.

Several attempts were made to demonstrate the presence of ABO blood group substances on the red blood cells (RBC) of the cynomolgus monkey. Neither the direct hemagglutination test nor the antibody absorption test was successful in detecting these substances from whole RBC, the stromata or the butanol extracts of RBC. By the heat elution of antibodies, however, the presence of ABH substances was demonstrated on RBC of every phenotype without fail. In all cases, there was a reciprocal relationship between the ABH substances of RBC and of saliva and the anti-A and anti-B antibodies in serum, being in good agreement with Landsteiner's rule. Accordingly, it can be concluded that a small amount of ABH substances must be present on RBC of the cynomolgus monkey.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

Mixed cell agglutination reaction of ABO substances in the saliva and determination of human-type ABO blood groups in the cynomolgus monkey.

For detection of ABO substances in the saliva of the cynomolgus monkey, the mixed cell agglutination reaction (MCAR) gave specific and clear results with a very small amount of saliva. Anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the sera of the same species showed the clearest hemagglutination by the saline agglutination method. The combined use of both methods was demonstrated to be easily and accurately applicable to the determination of human-type ABO blood groups of the cynomolgus monkey.

ABO Blood-Group System↗