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Biomedical subjects

F Daschner

Publications and source records attributed to F Daschner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A comparison of the effects of preoperative whole-body bathing with detergent alone and with detergent containing chlorhexidine gluconate on the frequency of wound infections after clean surgery. The European Working Party on Control of Hospital Infections.

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 27 surgical units in six European countries, the effect of preoperative whole-body bathing on two occasions with a detergent containing chlorhexidine (CHX+) on the incidence of wound infection in elective, clean surgery was compared with two bathings with a detergent without chlorhexidine (CHX-). In the CHX+ group 2.62% of 1413 patients and in the CHX- group 2.36% of 1400 patients subsequently became infected. The infection rate in the CHX+ group was 1.11 times that in the CHX- group with 95% confidence limits ranging between 0.69 and 1.82. Consequently, bathing patients twice preoperatively with chlorhexidine-detergent did not reduce the incidence of infection of clean wounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Stress ulcer prophylaxis and ventilation pneumonia: prevention by antibacterial cytoprotective agents?

The gastric and tracheal flora of 142 consecutive patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis were investigated, identifying identical isolates by typing. Furthermore, the growth pattern of normal respiratory bacteria and organisms causing ventilation pneumonia at different pH values and the in vitro effect of sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate on these bacteria in simulated gastric fluid were studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) with rising gastric pH bacterial counts in gastric aspirates, especially gram-negatives, increased significantly; (2) in 45 (31.7%) of the patients identical organisms were first isolated in gastric samples and one to two days later in tracheal secretions; (3) ventilation pneumonia was significantly more frequent in patients with high gastric pH; (4) pathogens causing ventilation pneumonia grew well in simulated gastric fluid at higher pH values, unlike normal respiratory organisms; and (5) sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate showed antibacterial activity against frequent causative organisms of ventilation pneumonia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Hygienic and organizational precautions to prevent transmission of selected viral infections in hospitals].

Only a few data exist about epidemiology, transmission and prevention of hospital-acquired viral infections. In viral infections, all secretions and excretions can be considered contagious in which viruses can multiply or which transport them in the body (i.e. faeces in hepatitis A and infections caused by enteroviruses, serum in hepatitis B, respiratory secretions in respiratory viral infections). Like bacterial infections, viral infections in the hospital are most commonly transferred by hands. Several recently published studies are demonstrated. In addition, guidelines for isolation procedures and disinfection are made.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1988

[Risk of infection due to catheter reuse].

Cardiac catheters assigned for reprocessing revealed only minor bacterial contamination. Random samples taken from reprocessed catheters were sterile and free from pyrogens. Among a total of 461 prospectively surveyed patients, in 16 cases a short increase of temperature up to 37.5 degrees C was observed, which appeared independent from the application of reprocessed catheters. None of the patients developed fever or symptoms of catheter-related infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

Incidence of wound infection in patients undergoing craniotomy: influence of type of shaving.

How the method of shaving affects the incidence of deep postoperative wound infections was examined in 475 patients. It is shown that the rate of infection is not lower after wet shaving than after dry shaving. The overall infection rate was 4.2%, 2.9% in patients who had been shaved wet versus 5.5% in patients shaved dry. The difference is, however, not significant on the 5% level. With respect to dry shaving, the infection rate was not affected by whether the hair was removed with electric clippers alone (2.8%) or whether a disposable razor was also used for additional hair removal in the area of skin incision (3.2%).

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1987

[Hygiene in radiology].

A survey is given of the hygienic management in radiological departments with special regard to the handling of injections and infusions. It includes prevention of bacterial as well as viral infections. In radiological departments disinfection of x-ray tables is necessary only in exceptional cases. A special proposal for disinfection is added. A safe method of sterilisation of flexible catheters is included, which proved to prevent bacterial infection.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1987

Proven and unproven methods in hospital infection control in intensive care units.

Most common nosocomial infections in Intensive Care Units are: respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, bacteremias, and wound infections. Proven methods in hospital infection control are: hand washing, discipline of all personnel, appropriate nursing techniques, specially trained hygiene staff, isolation, appropriate number of nursing personnel per patient, appropriate use of antibiotics, few and brief usage of foreign bodies such as intravenous lines. Useless and unproven methods in hospital infection control are: environmental cultures, routine cultures of personnel, routine air sampling, fogging and spraying of disinfectants, UV lights, plastic shoe covers, routine floor disinfection, disinfection or sticky mats, change of humidifiers and tubings every eight hours, and systematic antibiotic prophylaxis against pneumonia.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1987

[The effect of stress ulcer prevention on the incidence of pneumonia in artificial respiration].

The role of stress ulcer prophylaxis in increasing the risk of pneumonia in ventilator patients was analyzed prospectively in 142 artificially ventilated patients at a medical and surgical intensive care unit (104 males, 38 females, mean time of ventilation 7.9 days, mean age 46.5 years). The pH of gastric aspirate and bacterial counts in gastric fluid and tracheal secretions were investigated daily. Identical isolates from gastric aspirates and tracheal secretions were typed by agglutination, bacteriocin, or phage typing. An average of 2.1 bacterial species were isolated in 80.5% of all gastric aspirates. Bacterial counts increased with rising gastric aspirate pH, which was especially true for Gram-negative and less so for Gram-positive organisms; colony counts of Candida sp. decreased slightly. In 31.6% of patients identical bacterial species were first isolated from gastric aspirates and 1 to 2 days later from tracheal secretions. Of these microbes that were first isolated from gastric aspirate and later from tracheal secretions, 50.3% were Gram-negative, 37.5% Gram-positive, and only 4.2% Candida sp. One-half of all bacterial aspirations occurred between the 2nd and 7th day of ventilation; 80% occurred within 11 days of ventilation. Only 20% of all migrations of Gram-positive organisms from stomach to respiratory tract lead to pneumonia, as compared with 60% of Gram-negatives. At a gastric pH below 3.4 the incidence of ventilation pneumonia was 40.6%; above pH 5.0 the incidence was 69.2% (P less than or equal to 0.05). As pH increased, the organism causing pneumonia was significantly more often isolated first from the gastric aspirate and 1 to 2 days later from the tracheal secretion of the same patient.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1987

[Cost/need relations in medicine. Reuse of re-sterilized intravascular catheters].

The costs of catheters in a university radiology department are listed and the reasons for re-sterilization of catheters discussed. Questionnaires have been sent to 17 German university radiology departments. Thirteen of them routinely re-sterilize catheter material. The advantages and complications of catheter re-use are discussed.

Angiography↗