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Biomedical subjects

F Daschner

Publications and source records attributed to F Daschner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Perioperative preventive use of antibiotics in head and neck surgery].

The results of five consecutive prospective trials define the role of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck surgery. For contaminated head and neck cases and for endonasal sinus surgery, a single-dose prophylaxis seems to be sufficient. Most clean cases do not need antibiotic prophylaxis. Risk factors for wound infection include nicotine or alcohol abuse, poor oral hygiene and increasing age. Previous radiotherapy seems to be of minor importance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[A cost comparison of Pall filters versus chemical or thermal disinfection of ventilator tubes].

Filter manufacturers claim that the use of disposable filters for anesthesia and ventilation therapy would be more economical than changing the tubes and/or ventilation circuits every 24 h or 48 h. We therefore compared the costs of chemical disinfection or thermal disinfection of 4 different ventilation tube systems with those of disposable Pall filters. The cost of disinfecting tubes used for ventilation or anesthesia varies 1.81 DM to 12.60 DM and is therefore lower than that of the use of disposable filters changed daily. Tubes used for anesthesia should be changed after each patient and tubes for ventilation therapy can be changed every other day, but disposable filters must be changed daily or after each case when used for anesthesia.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1989

[In-vitro activity of enoxacin: a multicenter study].

The in vitro activity of enoxacin was tested in 14 German microbiological centers shortly after the introduction of the drug in Germany. 2748 unselected clinical isolates including 15 bacterial species were analysed using microtiter plates. The MIC90-values were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus 4 mg/l, Enterococcus faecalis 16 mg/l, Enterobacteriaceae 0.5 mg/l, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 mg/l. There is good correlation between these results and those of former investigations. It is known that quinolones are only moderately active against enterococci. 8.5% of S. aureus, and 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were found to be resistant (MIC greater than 4 mg/l). As to P. aeruginosa, the study revealed that despite a generally low rate of resistance in specific clinical settings, specific problems can arise: in one institution, the MIC90 of P. aeruginosa was 32 mg/l, with a resistance rate of 56.1% (n = 57). In the other centers the MIC90 was 2 mg/l and the resistance rate 5.0% (n = 302). In the first center, many of the isolates were from paraplegic patients or patients with cystic fibrosis pretreated with quinolones. This study will be repeated in two years' time in order to determine an eventual change in resistance.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of fleroxacin and 14 other antimicrobials against slime- and non-slime-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The in vitro activity of the 4-quinolone compound fleroxacin (Ro-23-6240) was compared with that of 14 other antimicrobials against a total of 50 recent clinical isolates of 25 slime- and 25 non-slime-producing coagulase-negative staphylococci. Susceptibility testing (MIC/MBC) was performed by a microtiter broth dilution technique and the combination effect of fleroxacin plus rifampin was studied by checkerboard titration in microtiter trays. Fleroxacin inhibited the most slime- and non-slime producing coagulase-negative staphylococci at MIC90 0.25 and I micrograms/ml, respectively. Overall fleroxacin was as active or even better as ofloxacin, cefotiam, cefazolin, cefamandole, clindamycin or vancomycin but 2- to 8-fold less active than rifampin. The fleroxacin-rifampin combination was indifferent in 17%, additive in 78.7% and synergistic in 4.3%.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of fleroxacin and 6 other antimicrobials against Acinetobacter anitratus.

The in vitro activity of the 4-quinolone compound fleroxacin (Ro-23-6240) was compared with that of enoxacin, ofloxacin, cefepime (BMY-28142), ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and tobramycin against a total of 30 recent clinical isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratum. Susceptibility testing (MIC50/MIC90) was performed by a microtiter broth dilution method and the combination effect of ceftriaxone plus tobramycin was studied by checkerboard titration in microtiter trays. Fleroxacin inhibited most A. calcoaceticus subsp. anitratum at 1 microgram/ml and was as active as enoxacin or tobramycin but slightly less active than ofloxacin (MIC50 = 0.25 microgram/ml; MIC90 = 2.5 microgram/ml) or cefepime (BMY-28142: MIC50 = 0.25 microgram/ml; MIC90 = 1 microgram/ml). Ceftazidime and ceftriaxone were inactive (MIC90 = 8 micrograms/ml and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively). The combination of ceftriaxone plus tobramycin was synergistic in 16.7%, additive in 60%, and indifferent in 23.3%.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1989

[Parenteral nutrition from the viewpoint of the hospital health officer].

This paper reviews recent data concerning epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and management of infectious complications of intravascular devices used for parenteral nutrition. Infectious complications of intravascular access for parenteral nutrition occur frequently. Any time there is a strong suspicion of a vascular access infection, it is important to draw blood cultures. The type of isolated organism may indicate the source of infection, e.g. the skin, hematogenous dissemination from another site or the infusate. Prevention of vascular access infection is preferable to treatment. Standardized insertion and maintenance techniques by specialized i.v. teams can substantially reduce the risk of infection. In-line filters or guidewires for changing catheters are of no proven benefit in decreasing infection risk, whereas transparent plastic dressings and multilumen lines increase infection risk. Treatment of established infection, e.g. removal of the catheter and/or antibiotic therapy, must be individualized for each patient on the basis of clinical presentation and causative organism.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1988

Influence of disposable ('Conchapak') and reusable humidifying systems on the incidence of ventilation pneumonia.

The contamination of disposable ('Conchapak') and reusable humidifying systems and their influence on the incidence of pneumonia was studied in 116 patients requiring continuous mechanical ventilation therapy. The water reservoirs of 11 (15.9%) of the 69 disposable systems became colonized, but all reusable systems were found to be sterile. In four of the 11 samples, the organisms isolated corresponded with those cultured from tracheal secretions several days before. Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 36 (31.0%) of the patients, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pneumonia between the patients treated with the disposable or the reusable humidifying systems. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant organisms isolated from tracheal aspirates of patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia. These results suggest that disposable humidifying systems do not influence the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients.

Adult↗