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Biomedical subjects

F Daschner

Publications and source records attributed to F Daschner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[The effect of stress ulcer prevention on the incidence of pneumonia in artificial respiration].

The role of stress ulcer prophylaxis in increasing the risk of pneumonia in ventilator patients was analyzed prospectively in 142 artificially ventilated patients at a medical and surgical intensive care unit (104 males, 38 females, mean time of ventilation 7.9 days, mean age 46.5 years). The pH of gastric aspirate and bacterial counts in gastric fluid and tracheal secretions were investigated daily. Identical isolates from gastric aspirates and tracheal secretions were typed by agglutination, bacteriocin, or phage typing. An average of 2.1 bacterial species were isolated in 80.5% of all gastric aspirates. Bacterial counts increased with rising gastric aspirate pH, which was especially true for Gram-negative and less so for Gram-positive organisms; colony counts of Candida sp. decreased slightly. In 31.6% of patients identical bacterial species were first isolated from gastric aspirates and 1 to 2 days later from tracheal secretions. Of these microbes that were first isolated from gastric aspirate and later from tracheal secretions, 50.3% were Gram-negative, 37.5% Gram-positive, and only 4.2% Candida sp. One-half of all bacterial aspirations occurred between the 2nd and 7th day of ventilation; 80% occurred within 11 days of ventilation. Only 20% of all migrations of Gram-positive organisms from stomach to respiratory tract lead to pneumonia, as compared with 60% of Gram-negatives. At a gastric pH below 3.4 the incidence of ventilation pneumonia was 40.6%; above pH 5.0 the incidence was 69.2% (P less than or equal to 0.05). As pH increased, the organism causing pneumonia was significantly more often isolated first from the gastric aspirate and 1 to 2 days later from the tracheal secretion of the same patient.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1987

[Cost/need relations in medicine. Reuse of re-sterilized intravascular catheters].

The costs of catheters in a university radiology department are listed and the reasons for re-sterilization of catheters discussed. Questionnaires have been sent to 17 German university radiology departments. Thirteen of them routinely re-sterilize catheter material. The advantages and complications of catheter re-use are discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

In vitro combination-effect of temocillin with ticarcillin and aminoglycosides on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

The in vitro efficacy of temocillin in combination with ticarcillin and with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin against 80 Gram-negative and 20 Gram-positive bacterial strains was compared by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. No synergistic or additive effect was seen on the Gram-positive strains. Great variations occurred between the different bacterial species, and the temocillin-ticarcillin combination had only little effect against the Pseudomonas strains tested. On average, only 12% of all strains tested were inhibited synergistically by temocillin-gentamicin combinations, and only 7 to 10% by combinations of temocillin with the other aminoglycosides. However, 25% of Gram-negative strains were inhibited synergistically and 40% of Gram-negative strains were inhibited additively by the combination of temocillin-gentamicin.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1984

Penetration of cefotaxime into heart valves, subcutaneous and muscle tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Twenty-nine adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery were given 2 g cefotaxime as 5 min intravenous bolus injection preoperatively. Within 6 h cefotaxime serum concentrations declined from 81.0 to 6.3 mg/l. Subcutaneous tissue and muscle concentrations varied between 0.3 and 8.7 micrograms/g, heart valve concentrations varied between 2.2 and 13.0 micrograms/g. Cefotaxime concentrations in heart valves are high enough to inhibit most Gram-negative organisms causing postoperative wound infections and endocarditis.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1984

[Bacterial agents of hospital infections].

During the last decades the spectrum of microorganisms causing nosocomial infections has changed. The frequency of Streptococci group A decreased and bacteria formerly considered as apathogen now cause serious infections. More and more "new" organisms are responsible for nosocomial infections. Especially in immunocompromised patients Legionella pneumophila causes infections with often severe and fatal course. Clostridium difficile can be isolated in 6% to 48% in the stool of patients with antibacterial treatment. Up to 36% of all hospitalized patients excrete Clostridium difficile asymptomatically. Acinetobacter species are responsible for 1% to 3% of all nosocomial infections. These changes are probably due to selection by antibiotics and an increase of invasive medical procedures even in immunocompromised patients.

Acinetobacter↗