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Biomedical subjects

F Daschner

Publications and source records attributed to F Daschner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The effect of Federal Public Health Service guidelines on air, surface and floor germ count in a general surgery and an orthopedic operating room].

In a prospective study the environmental contamination in an old and a new operating theatre was investigated. The old operating rooms were constructed in 1936 whereas the new rooms were built in 1986. The study was conducted in surgical and orthopedic surgical operating rooms. There was a slight increase in floor as well as in surface contamination in the new operating rooms. On the other hand there was a slight decrease in the airborne microorganisms in the orthopedic surgery and nearly identical colony counts in the general surgery operating rooms. All the differences were statistically not significant. The spectrum of microorganisms and the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in the old and the new operating rooms showed no difference.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1991

[Selective intestinal decontamination--yes or no?].

Various studies have shown that as a result of selective decontamination of the digestive tract, the incidence of pneumonia in artificial ventilation caused by gram-negative bacteria is reduced; however, a few studies have pointed out that, at the same time, the rate of pneumonia caused by gram-positive bacteria is increased. Most investigators agree that mortality cannot be reduced. A few studies have demonstrated that simultaneous administration of cefotaxime is not necessary. Various recent reports indicate that under certain conditions selective decontamination of the digestive tract undoubtedly leads to the development of resistance to gram-negative bacteria and in particular, to oxacillin-resistant staphylococci, S. epidermidis, and enterococci. Multicenter, randomized, and prospective double-blind studies will have to investigate and establish definitively which antibiotics have to be applied in which patients in order to reduce the rate of pneumonia as well as mortality. In addition, these studies will have to determine the microbiological and hospital hygiene measures necessary to avoid the risk of resistance or colonization developing by certain agents. As long as this is not the case, broad, non-selective use of SDD is not justified, especially in intensive care units.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Perioperative preventive use of antibiotics in head and neck surgery].

The results of five consecutive prospective trials define the role of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck surgery. For contaminated head and neck cases and for endonasal sinus surgery, a single-dose prophylaxis seems to be sufficient. Most clean cases do not need antibiotic prophylaxis. Risk factors for wound infection include nicotine or alcohol abuse, poor oral hygiene and increasing age. Previous radiotherapy seems to be of minor importance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[A cost comparison of Pall filters versus chemical or thermal disinfection of ventilator tubes].

Filter manufacturers claim that the use of disposable filters for anesthesia and ventilation therapy would be more economical than changing the tubes and/or ventilation circuits every 24 h or 48 h. We therefore compared the costs of chemical disinfection or thermal disinfection of 4 different ventilation tube systems with those of disposable Pall filters. The cost of disinfecting tubes used for ventilation or anesthesia varies 1.81 DM to 12.60 DM and is therefore lower than that of the use of disposable filters changed daily. Tubes used for anesthesia should be changed after each patient and tubes for ventilation therapy can be changed every other day, but disposable filters must be changed daily or after each case when used for anesthesia.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1989

[In-vitro activity of enoxacin: a multicenter study].

The in vitro activity of enoxacin was tested in 14 German microbiological centers shortly after the introduction of the drug in Germany. 2748 unselected clinical isolates including 15 bacterial species were analysed using microtiter plates. The MIC90-values were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus 4 mg/l, Enterococcus faecalis 16 mg/l, Enterobacteriaceae 0.5 mg/l, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 mg/l. There is good correlation between these results and those of former investigations. It is known that quinolones are only moderately active against enterococci. 8.5% of S. aureus, and 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were found to be resistant (MIC greater than 4 mg/l). As to P. aeruginosa, the study revealed that despite a generally low rate of resistance in specific clinical settings, specific problems can arise: in one institution, the MIC90 of P. aeruginosa was 32 mg/l, with a resistance rate of 56.1% (n = 57). In the other centers the MIC90 was 2 mg/l and the resistance rate 5.0% (n = 302). In the first center, many of the isolates were from paraplegic patients or patients with cystic fibrosis pretreated with quinolones. This study will be repeated in two years' time in order to determine an eventual change in resistance.

Bacteria↗