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Biomedical subjects

F Granier

Publications and source records attributed to F Granier.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The sella turcica and pituitary function in congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid ectopia or hypogenesis (author's transl)].

Nine patients suffering from hypothyroidism due to thyroid ectopia or hypogenesis, with a large sella turcica, were examined at adolescence or during adult life. TSH, prolactin and growth hormone function were studied. Basal plasma TSH, evaluated in 5 cases, was raised and responded explosively to stimulation with TRH. The administration of L-dopa was not associated with any notable changes in TSH. In one case, the chronic administration of l-T3 resulted in a fall followed by normalisation in plasma TSH levels. Basal plasma prolactin, explored in 6 patients, was high in 4 females and normal in 2 males. TRH stimulation resulted in a marked increased in prolactin in the female cases and a moderate increase in the male cases. L-dopa caused a fall only in high prolactin values. Stimulation of GH by argininehydrochloride, insulin hypoglycaemia and L-dopa gave variable responses. In one case, substitutive thyroid hormone therapy restored the GH response to L-dopa and arginine hydrochloride to normal. Paradoxically, GH increase following stimulation with TRH.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins as a tool in wheat genetics.

In this minireview are reported several genetic investigations undertaken on wheat with the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of total proteins extracted mainly from etiolated seedlings or from green leaves. Differences between developmental stages or organs of one genotype and nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic variations between genotypes are revealed by this method. We have also localized on the chromosomes structural genes coding for the proteins revealed and assigned their subcellular location to many polypeptides. We obtained new information concerning the regulation of protein amounts as well as the phylogenetic and homeology relationships between the A, B and D genomes.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Systemic urticaria associated with autoimmune thyroiditis].

A case of chronic urticaria associated with thyroiditis is described. The diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's disease) rested on the presence of nodular goiter, thyroid dysfunction and significantly elevated thyroid microsomal antibodies (greater than 6,400). Skin biopsy showed changes suggestive of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Immunological studies showed few abnormalities (low titers of antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor) but a search for circulating immune complexes was negative, and serum complement levels were within normal range. The patient complained of severe pruritus and polyarthralgia but no systemic involvement occurred. Urticaria vasculitis has never previously been described in association with thyroid autoimmunity. This suggests the possibility of an autoimmune cause of urticaria. The urticaria improved and disappeared after treatment with levothyroxine. The frequent clinical latency of thyroiditis warrants systematic testing for circulating anti-microsome antibodies in women presenting with an apparently idiopathic chronic urticaria.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methodological obstacles encountered in the evaluation of psychotherapies of schizophrenic patients. A general review].

Through a critical review of literature, authors suggest a methodological reflexion about problems in evaluation of effects of psychotherapies of schizophrenics, taking into account not only individual techniques but also institutional ones with psychotherapeutic orientations. Among the main difficulties are: evaluation with too much unspecific and over simplified criteria, for example criterium of rehospitalisation; lack of real comparability between groups, or techniques, and lack of validity of randomisation, still considered as a pawn of methodological rigour; diversity of levels of experience, and education of therapists, too unmatched model of functional organisation of the different centers, and in the same time too unequal recruitment of patients and at length of proposed therapeutic programs. Moreover, and even before these methodological bias, a more basic obstacle must be considered. It is the non-opening of models to the falsification, denounced by Bignami as the impossible verification of the heuristic value of the proposed models, ie the impossible verification of the utility of the proposed programs for individual therapies of schizophrenics.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of psychotherapy in the treatment of schizophrenia].

Reality-adaptative, supportive psychotherapy, institutional cares, therapeutics with artistic mediations, family therapeutics are unanimously recognized as efficacious therapeutics for schizophrenic inpatients and outpatients. Conversely, the usefulness of psychoanalysis and exploratory, insight-oriented psychotherapy is questionnable. To clear up the question, we have studied controlled and non controlled studies comparing different psychotherapies, as well as the results of individual psychoanalysis. Among the controlled studies, Stanton's study stands out for its methological strictness. This study, in 164 schizophrenics, shows that insight-oriented psychotherapy is not more efficacious than supportive psychotherapy. In the continuation of this work, A. Frank and J. Gunderson show that the determinant factor of the psychotherapy's result is relational continuity and especially therapeutic alliance. Some works made in France show that 6 to 8 months are needed to appreciate the efficacy of institutional cares and psychotherapies can be observed. The psychoanalysis is not always efficacious. But these long acting experiences have provided irreplaceable knowledge towards the understanding of schizophrenic self and transference, effects of institutional cares, therapeutics with artistic mediations, supportive psychotherapy, theoretical reflection (Racamier, Rosenfeld, Searles, etc). Among the metapsychological knowledge, we must see: alterity's denial, struggle against thinking's activity, erotically paradoxical transference, receptacle's and depositary's function of therapists, inexistence of containing function. These knowledges explain that the two principal functions of the care given to schizophrenics are: help to self and presence.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypercalcemia and osteoclast activating factor (OAF) associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (author's transl)].

The occurence of hypercalcemia appears to be unusual in leukemia. The mechanisms are numerous: secretion of PTH of PTH like substance, prostaglandin E2 or vitamin D like sterols. The reported case is one of lymphoblastic acute leukemia and hypercalcemia associated with osteoclast activating factor secreted by leukemic cells. In this patient the serum levels calcium closely paralleled the course of acute leukemia.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma amino acid disturbances and depression].

Plasmatic amino acids concentrations were measured in 59 depressive patients and compared with that of a control population. Serine, glutamine, cystine, lysine and arginine have increased levels in the depressed males and females; so are 3 competitors of the tryptophan for the transport through the blood-brain barrier: valine, leucine and isoleucine. The tryptophan ratio is decreased in the depressive males. The sum of the competitors of the tryptophan is increased in the depressive males and females. All these results are discussed in relation with an abnormality of the carrier through the blood-brain barrier in the depressive state, without no proof thereof being however given.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endogenous affective disorder, seasons of birth and photoperiodicity].

In a retrospective study, we compared the months of birth of 3,106 psychiatric inpatients to those of 1,943 surgical patients collected during the same period 1981-1991 in the same hospital, and of a sample of 10,003,572 births in France in 1977-1989. DSM III-R categories were modified so to allow a comparison with former studies, and psychiatric patients were distributed among seven categories: Bipolars (N = 294), Unipolars (N = 287), Neurotic-reactive depressions (N = 582), First Major Depressive episode (N = 214), Schizophrenia (N = 244), Schizo-Affectives (N = 52) and Other Diagnosies (N = 1,433). Months of birth were grouped in quarters and semesters, according to the usual calendar, but also to temperature and the photoperiodic cycle. The main results were: 1. A seasonnality of births in the General Population sample, with a spring maximum (p < 0.001). 2. An absence of deviation from the general population and the surgical sample among Neurotic-reactive Depressions and Other Diagnoses. 3. A deviation from the general population and from other comparison groups (surgical cases and Other Diagnoses) among Unipolars and First Major Depressive Episodes (most of those being late episodes), with a significant excess of births during the "dark" or "cold" season of the year, especially around the winter solstice. The Bipolar group followed the same tendency, though to a lesser degree and for subjects born before 1940 only. The most significant results were found among Unipolars, which differ from the general population either by quarters (p < 0.0005) or by semesters (p < 0.0005) and from surgical cases by quarters (p < 0.01) and by semesters (p < 0.001). The results were similar for First Major Depressive episodes, although this category was theoretically "anosological". As the median age was high in this category, it might group a number of late depressive episodes, near to "involutionnal melancholia". Thus, our results seem to be relevant to the traditional endogenous-psychogenetic dichotomy, with a "cold" or "dark" seasonnality of births in the first case, and no particular seasonnality in the second case. Some former studies showed the same results, but the most significant deviation was found in mania. Our results cannot be explained by differences in the sex-ratio among the categories, and only partially by an age-incidence effect or an age-cohort effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the remission period (between crises) of unipolar and bipolar manic depressive disorders. Personal study of 95 patients].

The personality abnormalities observed during unipolar and bipolar manic-depressive disorders are known for years by german psychiatry as depressive temperament. In USA many works based on DSM III criteria have studied personality abnormalities coexisting with depression. The most frequently abnormalities are dependent, avoidant, compulsive, border line personality, observed with a frequency of 48% (P.A. Pilkonis) to 74% of patients (T.M. Shea et al.). But the personality traits or disorders are not the disorders only observed during remissions and intercrisis. Our personal work have studied the other disorders. This work concern pre-morbid period and intercrisis of 95 manic-depressed patients (45 unipolar and 50 bipolar patients). The time of remission is at least three months. Remission is certified by maximum scores of 10 on MADRS, 12 on Bech-Rafaelsen scale. The study of personality traits and other mental disorders is based on DSM III-R criteria. It is completed by Hamilton-Anxiety-Scale, Eysenck Personality Inventory and Beth-Israel Questionnaire of Sifneos. This study shows the following results. In pre-morbid period, the anxiety disorders are statistically more frequent in unipolar patients: generalized anxiety (35%), panic disorder (27%), psychosomatic disorders (30.5%). During intercrisis, the anxiety disorders are statistically more frequent in unipolar patients: generalized anxiety (51.1%), agoraphobia (31.1%) obsessive disorders (26.6%), panic disorder (18.2%). But this co-morbidity with anxious disorders is highly correlated with the incomplete characteristic of remission. During remission the personality abnormalities are similar to american studies, more frequent in unipolar patients, particularly obsessive personality (22.2 to 4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗