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Biomedical subjects

F Guilbert

Publications and source records attributed to F Guilbert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Congenital achromatopsia: electroretinogram in early diagnosis].

PURPOSE: Achromatopsia is a hereditary disease responsible for congenital low vision. Patients present with nystagmus, abnormal visual behavior or photophobia. Only the electroretinogram (ERG) can confirm the diagnosis in infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty children referred for nystagmus or low vision were included in this retrospective study. A complete ophthalmological examination, an ERG and when possible a color vision test (Ishihara, Farnsworth 15 Hue test) was done. A Ganzfeld ERG was performed in accordance with ISCEV standards in patients more than 6 years of age. In younger patients, a simplified method using electroluminescent diode stimulation was used and a comparative ERG in accordance with ISCEV standards was performed when the patients were old enough. RESULTS: The ERG response was identical in children and adults. It confirmed the diagnosis of achromatopsia: the scotopic components obtained in dark adapted conditions were normal, (scotopic a-wave, b2 wave). The photopic components, recorded in light-adapted conditions, in order to inhibit the scotopic response (photopic wave, b1 wave), were not recordable. The color vision tests confirmed color blindness; however, in some patients color denomination was correct. CONCLUSION: The simplified ERG procedures performed in our series were reliable in detecting achromatopsia. However, it may not be sufficient to discriminate complete from incomplete achromatopsia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Importance of occlusion therapy for amblyopia in partial unilateral congenital cataracts that are discovered late].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of occlusion therapy for amblyopia in patients with partial unilateral congenital cataracts that were discovered after 24 months of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 11 patients, each of whom underwent a clinical examination including a cycloplegic refraction with atropine. The average age when the cataract was diagnosed was 35 months. The average distance visual acuity was 6/78 and the average near visual acuity was 35/175. Occlusion therapy using adhesive patches was started after refractive error correction. In two cases, observance was mediocre. RESULTS: Ametropia was found in every patient, with anisometropia in nine patients (alpha < 0.02). This anisometropia included an astigmatism that was always greater on the side with the cataract (alpha < 0.001), averaging 2.7 diopters. After occlusion therapy for amblyopia, the average visual acuity significantly improved to 6/22 in distance vision (alpha < 0.02) and 35/45 in near vision (alpha < 0.01). The average follow-up period was 28 months (5-60 months). CONCLUSION: Amblyopia is related to lens opacities as well as frequently associated anisometropia. Functional improvement is greater in near vision than in distance vision. With occlusion therapy for amblyopia, accommodation is preserved. This factor is of utmost importance as near vision is preferential in young children. This study provides an opportunity to recall the importance of refraction and occlusion therapy for amblyopia, which must be systematically attempted in cases of partial unilateral congenital cataracts before considering a surgical procedure.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of vascular malformations of the mandible: a description of 12 cases.

This study evaluated the treatment of intraosseous vascular malformation of the mandible. We analysed the medical records of 12 patients treated at the Salpêtrière Hospital (Paris, France) for vascular malformation of the mandible between 1965 and 1996. There were six male and six female patients, with a mean age of 16 years. The mean follow-up time was ten years. The treatment was surgery (enucleation or resection) or interventional radiology (arterial embolization or transosseous transcutaneous embolization). There are several indications for treatment, including age, and the size and type of vascular malformation (active or passive).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Synthesis and SAR of 3- and 4-substituted quinolin-2-ones: discovery of mixed 5-HT(1B)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.

Quinolin-2-ones bearing a heteroaryl-piperazine linked by a two carbon chain at the 3- or 4-position were synthesised and evaluated as mixed 5-HT(1B)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists. Potent mixed antagonists were obtained with thieno[3,2-c]pyridine derivatives. In this series, compound 2.1 (SL 65.0472) proved to be functional antagonist at both the 5-HT(2A) receptor (rat in vivo 5-HT-induced hypertension model) and the 5-HT(1B) receptor (dog in vitro saphenous vein assay).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Dynamic study about metal release from titanium miniplates in maxillofacial surgery.

It has been shown that titanium (Ti) has had dramatic success in many surgical procedures as a result of its excellent mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. There is still concern, however, about the release of metal and controversy surrounding whether or not the plates should be removed after bone healing. This study has been conducted to investigate whether or not there is a relationship between duration of plating and metal release from Ti miniplates in maxillofacial surgery. A prospective cohort study design was used. The concentration of Ti, in the soft tissues covering the plates, was examined in all patients who underwent removal of Ti miniplates from January 1998 to April 1999 (51 cases). Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure Ti. Total ti and soluble Ti levels were compared to duration of plating (ranged from 15 days to 3 years, mean = 8 months). Correlation coefficients and two-way ANOVA were data processed. The average amount of total Ti in the soft tissues surrounding the plates was 1306 micrograms/g dry tissue. The mean of soluble Ti was 0.53 microgram/g dry tissue. The results of this study do not support the existence of a relationship between duration of plating and total Ti (correlation coefficient = 0.093 (P > 0.1) nor soluble Ti (correlation coefficient = 0.009 (P > 0.1) in the soft tissue surrounding the plates. Moreover, the only independent factor of Ti release found was associated with mechanical constraints during surgery. Almost 100% of Ti is released during the osteosynthesis. Then Ti levels remain constant in the surrounding tissues. Most of the time, Ti seems to be clinically inert. Compared to the possible risks of a second operation, removal of Ti miniplates should not be a routine procedure except in the case of complaints from patients, particularly in the case of infection, hypersensitivity, dehiscence or screw loosening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures sustained during sports: a prospective study of 140 patients.

A prospective study was carried out involving patients presenting with facial fractures sustained during sports. One hundred and forty patients were admitted to the Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital of Paris between March 1998 and March 2000, accounting for 13.3% of all patients with facial bone fractures. The ratio of males to females was 7.2:1 and the mean age was 28.5 years. The majority of accidents occurred during soccer (25.0%), followed by rugby (15.0%), and as a consequence of collisions between players (50.7%). The majority of the injuries involved the mandible (34.4%), the zygomatic bone (23.4%) and the nasal bone (15.6%). The sporting activities were classified as either contact or non-contact sports. Frontal sinus, central midface and LeFort fractures were seen more often in vehicular sports such as mountainbiking and skiing. The authors stress the importance of preventive measures, including the use of protective equipment, periodic sports medical check-ups and personal discipline.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Neck-bridge device for endovascular treatment of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms: initial experience.

PURPOSE: To report the authors' initial experience in treating patients with wide-neck aneurysms with assistance from a recently developed neck-bridge device (TriSpan; Target Therapeutics/Boston Scientific, Fremont, Calif). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients were examined. Aneurysms were most frequently at the basilar bifurcation (n = 19). Sixteen aneurysms were treated electively: six aneurysms that recurred after coil-only embolization and 10 nontreated aneurysms (including four that had failed coil-only embolization). Nine aneurysms were treated acutely following subarachnoid hemorrhage. All lesions except one had a wide neck. A dual-catheter technique was used in 23 patients. Immediate angiographic results, technical incidents, and complications were recorded. Follow-up angiography was performed in 16 patients. Clinical follow-up ranged from 1 to 12 months. RESULTS: Neck-bridge device-assisted coil packing was successfully performed in 23 lesions, with complete obliteration in three, residual necks in 13, and a minimal residual sac in seven patients. Parent vessel protection failed, with coil protrusion and arterial occlusion, in one of these patients. Other complications that were not directly related to use of the neck-bridge device included retroperitoneal hematoma, rebleeding, coil perforation, and transient embolic arterial occlusion. One patient died of vasospasm and heart failure. Follow-up angiography revealed complete obliteration in four, a residual neck in one, a persistent residual sac in four, and recurrent aneurysm in seven patients. One patient had a small occipital infarction 5 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSION: The described neck-bridge device is useful for assisting coil embolization of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome: report of 4 cases and review of literature].

PURPOSE: The authors retrospectively analyzed four cases of posttraumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome and reviewed the literature. METHOD: Four patients (three male and one female) were followed for this complication in the department from october 1995 to december 1996. RESULTS: The mean age was 31 years, the median follow-up was 8 month. Computed tomography showed involvement of the superior orbital fissure but no in three patients, in the fourth. The treatment consisted of osteosynthesis of craniofacial fracture in three patients and corticosteroid therapy in the last one. All patients presented partial recuperation of external ophthalmoplegia and ptosis. Twelve months after the traumatism, one patient underwent surgery for persistant ptosis and diplopia. CONCLUSION: The superior orbital fissure syndrome is an exceptional complication of orbital traumas. Partial recuperation of the neuro-ophthalmologic function usually occurs within a period of several months.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

[Osteosynthesis of subcondylar fractures using compression screws with the Eckelt technic. Experiences and difficulties with the technic over 5 years].

With creation of new fixation material, the surgical treatment of displaced subcondylar fractures is most frequently used in adults. The Eckelt compression osteosynthesis is described as an easy procedure in the current literature, but, in our experience, several problems require our attention. We report the treatment of 57 patients with displaced subcondylar fractures where compression osteosynthesis was indicated. The difficulty of this technique is presented on the basis of a 5-years experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Eckelt's technic: an evaluation of the access route used at Salpêtrière Hospital].

AIM: We report a prospective study undertaken to investigate the morbidity connected with the approach of lag screw osteosynthesis for the treatment of subcondylar fractures in the department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery at the Salpêtrière University Hospital. METHOD: 24 patients have been operated between November 1997 and December 1998. We estimated the accessibility, the size and quality of scars the satisfaction index, and the complication rate. RESULTS: The average size of scars was 3 cm (2.5-4). Their quality was satisfactory, except for an hypertrophic and an invaginated one. The satisfaction index was always excellent and often superior to the surgeon one. COMPLICATIONS: three paresis in the mental territory of the facial nerve regressive in three months, a salivary fistula regressive in three weeks, an hematoma and a subcutaneous infection. These different criteria improved during the study. CONCLUSION: The approach is not free of risks but these ones seem to decrease with surgeon's experience.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1999

[Post-traumatic enophthalmos. Physiopathologic considerations and current therapeutics].

The article is an overview of the available literature on post-traumatic enophthalmos (PTE). The PTE has a clinical definition and its diagnosis is based on a clinical examination. Fully assessment of the deformity requires complete ophthalmological examination and a measurement of the globe backward displacement by the mean of Hertel's ophthalmometer. Focusing on the pathophysiology, we insist on the role of periorbit and extraocular muscle retraction; nevertheless, according to most of the author's, opinion, the main pattern of the PTE seems to be the increased orbital post-traumatic volume, as it can be demonstrated by computed tomography (CT scan). In fact, thorough evaluation of the deformity needs at less a CT scan examination, providing horizontal and coronal slices. Sometimes, even a three-dimensional reconstruction can be obtained, helping the surgeon assessing the orbital deformity pre-operatively. We present five patients victims of a high-energy facial injury (motor vehicular accidents is responsible for an overwhelming majority of cases) leading to severe orbital lesions, and presenting a PTE as the main sequelae. We use homologous bone grafts to repair orbital fractures, especially calvarial bone. Osteotomy of the zygomatic bone (total or partial) can be proposed, combined with grafting of the orbit, to improve the correction of PTE. Most of all, patients with acute orbital trauma must be operated on as quick as possible: the sooner the surgery, the lower the probability for the PTE to occur.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1999

[Halitosis in 1999].

Bad breath is a major concern to the general population and a source of an important profit industry world wide. Between 50 and 60 per cent of the population suffer from chronic halitosis. This can have consequences for private or professional life. Reasons can imply many specialities: ENT, gastro-enterology, pneumology, hepatology, genetics and psychiatry (a high percentage of the patients who come to the clinic with a primary complaint of halitosis do not have a detectable problem). Nevertheless, 85% are stomatological and are explained by the release of volatile sulfur compounds. These substances have a very offensive odor in very low concentrations. A specialized device called a halimeter is available to measure the volatile sulphur compounds in mouth air but in practice the objective assessment of malodor is still best performed by the organoleptic method. A careful examination can determine the patient's problem in most cases. Initial treatment strategy should focus on the exact cause and on oral hygiene. In addition to the usual recommendations, the daily use of tongue cleaners is very beneficial. Other than etiologic therapy, masking can be achieved by oral care products (mouth rinses, toothpastes, chewing gums) which contain metal ions, especially zinc, that inhibit odor formation because of its affinity to sulphur compounds.

Chelating Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Unusual breast scars].

The authors report the case of an unusual form of skin tattoo, discovered on the breasts of a young woman, corresponding to several scars forming a symbolic image, performed deliberately with a burning object. This form of mutilation is called "branding". Imported from England, it is developing in France as a result of fashion, but its followers could one day regret the permanent scars left by this deep burn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Myositis ossificans progressiva: five generations where the disease was exclusively limited to the maxillofacial region. A case report.

Myositis ossificans progressiva is an unusual autosomal-dominant inherited disease characterized by congenital malformations and osseous metaplasia of the fascia of the muscles and connective tissue leading to ossification of the relevant area. The case report is remarkable in that eight members of the same family over five generations manifested the exclusive localization of the disease in the maxillofacial region.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Do temperature and atmospheric pressure affect the incidence of serious odontogenic infection?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the popular belief that the incidence of odontogenic cellulitis is weather-related. Two meteorologic parameters were examined: temperature and atmospheric pressure. STUDY DESIGN: To test the hypothesis being studied, a retrospective cohort study design was used. Medical reports of all patients with serious odontogenic cellulitis who were treated at the Salpêtrière University Hospital between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1995, (a total of 301 cases) were evaluated in relation to the weather. Hypothesizing that the incidence of odontogenic cellulitis was constant over a period of 1 year, the authors calculated the probability of observed incidence for each month over a 12-month period. The mean number of cases of odontogenic cellulitis (+/- standard error of the mean) for days on which (1) the temperature was within the same 2 degrees -C (3.6 degrees -F) interval and (2) the atmospheric pressure was within the same 3-hPa (2.25-mmHg) interval was also calculated. RESULTS: When the monthly incidence of odontogenic cellulitis and either the average temperature or the average atmospheric pressure for each month were examined together, fluctuation in the former seemed to be independent of the latter. Similarly, when we calculated the mean number of cases of odontogenic cellulitis for several intervals of temperature and atmospheric pressure without taking the calendar into account, no direct relationship could be observed. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that the occurrence of odontogenic cellulitis is not influenced by the weather, at least insofar as weather is measured by temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[A large mucocele of unusual location].

We present the case of a patient who presented an unusually large mucoid cyst measuring 38 x 25 mm in an uncommon localization, the right maxillary. We examine the topographic and histological characteristics of mucoceles together with their treatment. The main differential diagnoses of liquid tumoral formations of the maxillary are also discussed.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed1998

[Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a poorly recognized entity. Apropos of 5 cases].

We present five cases of florid osseous dysplasia observed in our department. There has been some confusion as to the terminology of this entity. We present here a review of the literature and outline the histological classification among odontogenic tumors as well as their epidemiology. The orthopantomogam is the mainstay radiological exploration, sometimes in association with a CT-scan. There are three main differential diagnoses: Paget's disease, Gardner's syndrome located in the maxillofacial area and diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis. Asymtomatic forms motivate therapeutic abstenstion. When inflammatory, infectious or morphological complications appear, treatment relies on surgery in combination with long-term antibiotic regimens.

Adult↗