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Biomedical subjects

F H Borgsteede

Publications and source records attributed to F H Borgsteede.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of anthelmintic treatment of second-year cattle on growth performance during winter housing and first lactation yield.

The effect of nematode infections on growth performance during winter housing and on first lactation yield was investigated in heifers on 69 farms. Half of each herd was treated with albendazole after housing, which resulted in significantly reduced egg output, antibody titres against Ostertagia and Cooperia, and pepsinogen values compared with the untreated control groups. Albendazole-treated groups gained on average 0.007 cm day-1 heart girth (i.e. 0.05 kg day-1) more than control groups during the housing period (P less than or equal to 0.10), varying from -0.060 to +0.137 cm day-1 among herds. Albendazole-treated heifers produced 195.4 kg milk per 305-day lactation more than untreated heifers (P less than 0.01). Per herd, the mean milk yield response to treatment was +313.8 kg milk (P less than 0.01), varying from -876 to +1950 kg. Milk production of untreated heifers increased by 10.5 kg milk kg-1 extra body weight, adjusted for age, measured after the second grazing season (P less than 0.05). This suggests that nematode infections occurring in the first 2 years of life negatively influence milk production by reducing weight gains and hence body weight at calving.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1990

Effect of nematode infections on growth performance of calves during winter housing on dairy farms.

Growth performance of calves was estimated by means of heart girth measurements on 48 farms during winter housing (from December to the end of March). Level of exposure to nematode infection was measured by antibody titres, pepsinogen values, and faecal examinations. Half of each herd was treated with albendazole after housing. All infection parameters measured in March were significantly lower in the treated groups than in the untreated control groups. Treatment increased growth rate by an average of +0.007 cm day-1 (N.S.), i.e. +0.036 kg day-1. Effect of treatment varied from -0.075 to +0.100 cm day-1 among herds. This effect of treatment on the growth performance was significantly correlated positively to pepsinogen value (r = 0.321, P less than 0.05 measured in October; r = 0.265, P less than 0.10 measured in December). Control groups showed very different growth rates among herds, ranging from 0.023 to 0.170 cm day-1, i.e. 0.112-0.874 kg day-1. This variation was strongly related to several infection parameters, particularly those measured in October. The most pronounced correlation was found between the average daily gain of the control groups and the mean herd antibody titre against Ostertagia spp. measured in October (r = -0.413, P less than 0.01). These results were consistent with those of a similar study conducted on commercial dairy farms a year earlier.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1990

Effect of naturally occurring nematode infections in the first and second grazing season on the growth performance of second-year cattle.

Antibody titres against Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp. and Dictyocaulus viviparus as well as pepsinogen values, reflecting exposure to nematode infection, differed significantly among herds of second-year cattle on 87 farms. Faecal examinations revealed that gastrointestinal nematode infections were present in all herds. Similar results were found in yearling-herds on the same farms a year earlier. Liveweight of yearlings per herd deviated from -64.7 kg to +94.4 kg from an age-adjusted population mean after the second grazing season. This mean herd weight deviation was significantly related negatively to antibody titre against Ostertagia spp. (linear regression, P less than 0.05; segmented curvilinear regression, P less than 0.01) and to antibody titre against Cooperia spp. (segmented curvilinear regression, P less than 0.05), both measured in the second grazing season. Antibody titre against Ostertagia spp. measured in the first grazing season, when yearlings were calves, was significantly correlated positively to age-adjusted body weights at the end of the second grazing season. The results suggested that immunity built up during the first year had a positive effect on growth performance in the second year, but that on average the acquired immunity was insufficient to prevent reduced weight gains in the second grazing season.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Effect of nematode infections on growth performance of calves after stabling on commercial dairy farms.

Growth performance of calves was assessed on 32 farms during winter housing. Nematode infection was measured by antibody titres, pepsinogen values, and faecal examinations. Half of each herd was treated with ivermectin after stabling. Treatment significantly increased growth rate by an average of +0.059 kg day-1 (P less than 0.01). The effect of treatment varied among herds from -0.078 to +0.210 kg day-1. Only a few of the infection parameters correlated weakly, but positively, to the effect of treatment on growth performance per herd. Untreated control groups showed very different growth rates among herds, ranging from 0.250 to 0.936 kg day-1. This was strongly correlated to several infection parameters. Groups with the highest values for the infection parameters gained approximately 50 kg less over a 4-month period during winter housing than groups with the lowest values for those infection parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of naturally occurring nematode infections on growth performance of first-season grazing calves.

Liveweight of calves on 89 dairy farms was measured at the end of the grazing season and related per herd to the level of exposure to nematode infection during the grazing season. There were significant between-herd variations in antibody titres against Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp. and Dictyocaulus viviparus as well as in pepsinogen values. All but six herds (93.1%) had gastrointestinal nematode infections, as measured by faecal egg counts in September. Faecal samples of 17 herds (19.3%) contained lungworm larvae in September. Liveweight of calves per herd deviated from -68.1 kg to +84.1 kg from the age-adjusted population mean after their first grazing season. Growth performance up to the time of liveweight measurements was significantly correlated negatively with several serological and parasitological parameters. Data could be fitted by means of both linear and segmented curvilinear regression. Antibody titre against Cooperia spp. and gastrointestinal nematode egg output measured in September accounted for 3.1% (P less than 0.10) and 6.7% (P less than 0.05), respectively, of the variation in growth performance among herds. Certain infection parameters, when combined, accounted for 9.2% of this variation; these were antibody titre against Cooperia spp. and larval counts for both gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworm. Adding certain management factors to these infection parameters resulted in a model explaining 27.6% of the observed variation in growth performance among herds. These factors were supplementary feeding, lungworm vaccination, anthelmintic treatment at housing, date of housing and herd age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Effect of nematode infections and management practices on growth performance of calves on commercial dairy farms.

Liveweight of calves on 86 dairy farms was measured at the end of the grazing season and related per herd to the level of exposure to nematode infection estimated in October and December. There were significant between-herd variations in all the serological infection parameters measured. On average 20.5 larvae per gram faeces (geometric mean) were found in October. Faecal samples of 20.5% of the herds contained lungworm larvae. Liveweight of calves deviated per herd from -59.8 kg to +52.2 kg from an age-adjusted population mean after their first grazing season. Growth performance was significantly related negatively to several serological and parasitological parameters. Data were fitted by means of both linear and segmented curvilinear regression. By combining infection parameters 19% of the variation in growth performance among herds could be explained. Infection parameters involved were antibody titre against Cooperia spp., egg output and lungworm larval count. It was found that antibody titres were significantly correlated positively to herd age, while pepsinogen values and egg output were negatively correlated to age. Combining supplementary feeding and anthelmintic treatment during the grazing season with the infection parameters into one model explained approximately 30% of the observed variation in growth performance among herds. It was shown that these findings were consistent with those of a similar study conducted on the same farms a year earlier, although there were clear differences between the years. Finally, significant positive relations were found between the levels of exposure to nematode parasites within farms between two consecutive years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of a levamisole sustained-release bolus and ivermectin treatment to prevent bovine lungworm infection.

The efficacy of a levamisole sustained-release bolus to prevent parasitic bronchitis in calves in their first grazing season was compared to ivermectin treatment at three, eight and thirteen weeks after turn out. Contamination of the pasture was established by experimentally infected seeder calves. Twenty calves were split into two groups. Ten calves of one group received a bolus at the start of the experiment. In the other group the calves were treated with ivermectin at 21, 56 and 91 days. Two principal calves from each group were killed during the experiment to study histopathological changes. Pairs of tracer calves were introduced on both pastures at intervals of four weeks throughout the grazing period. The permanent calves were challenged with lungworm larvae at housing and slaughtered four weeks later. Both systems prevented parasitic bronchitis. Larval output was completely reduced in the ivermectin-treated calves while all bolus-treated calves excreted larvae at certain times. The highest group average was 4 larvae per gram faeces. Eosinophilia, ELISA-titres and histopathological changes confirmed the differences in larval uptake. Challenge infection was not successful in either group and no worms were found at slaughter. Weight gain was significantly different at housing in favour of the ivermectin-treated calves, but after challenge this was reduced due to a higher weight gain in the bolus-treated calves. The practical consequences of the results have been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The efficacy of netobimin against a benzimidazole susceptible and a resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus in sheep in The Netherlands.

Netobimin was tested for efficacy against Haemonchus contortus using 7 groups of 5 parasite-free lambs of six months age. The lambs in group 1 and 2 were infected with 10,000 larvae of a benzimidazole susceptible strain and those in groups 3-7 with the same dose of a resistant strain. The following treatment scheme was applied 21 days after infection: lambs in groups 2 and 4-7.5 mg kg-1 netobimin, in group 5-20 mg kg-1 netobimin, in group 6-5 mg kg-1 oxfendazole and in group 7--3.8 mg kg-1 albendazole. The lambs in groups 1 and 3 remained untreated. All lambs were slaughtered 28 days after infection. Egg counts decreased in all lambs after treatment, but increased again in lambs in groups 4, 6 and 7. There was a slight increase in lambs in group 5, while those in group 2 remained negative. Post-mortem worm counts showed a reduction of 99.8 per cent in lambs in group 2 compared to those in group 1. In lambs in group 4-7 the reduction of worm counts was respectively 40.9, 89.5, 24.7 and 40.7 per cent compared to those in group 3. Egg development assays carried out 20 days after infection showed an average LD50 of 0.46 mg ml-1 thiabendazole for the resistant strain. After treatment (day 27) the LD50 was 0.53, 0.48, 0.58, 0.56 and 0.47 in lambs in the groups 3-7. It is concluded that netobimin and other (pro)-benzimidazoles should not be used in cases of benzimidazole resistance and that levamisole, pyrantel tartrate or ivermectin are preferable.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reliability and reproducibility of the larval paralysis test as an in vitro method for the detection of anthelmintic resistance of nematodes against levamisole and morantel tartrate.

In order to study the reliability of the larval paralysis test as an in vitro assay for the detection of resistance of nematodes to levamisole and morantel tartrate, the influence of different parameters was evaluated using resistant and susceptible Ostertagia ostertagi strains. The operator, the sample (10% of the larvae present in the suspension), the incubation time (24, 48 or 72 h), the incubation temperature (20 or 25 degrees C) and the observation period of the larvae (5 or 15 s) had no statistically significant influence on the test results. Statistical differences were obtained only when L3 larvae of different ages (1 or 2 months) were used. Reversibility of the paralysis did not occur when concentrations of levamisole of less than or equal to 200 micrograms ml-1 or morantel tartrate of less than 2000 micrograms ml-1 were used. The reproducibility of the test was fairly good, with a mean standard deviation of 21.3% for the LC50 values. Morantel resistance in a strain of O. ostertagi was not confirmed as such by the larval paralysis test. The resistance factor was less than or equal to 1, in spite of an efficacy of morantel of 77.4% as shown in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of anthelmintic treatment of dairy cattle on milk production related to some parameters estimating nematode infection.

On 31 farms, blood samples were taken from adult dairy cattle in September 1985, when pastured, and in November-December 1985, when stabled, to assess serum pepsinogen levels and level of nematode antibody titres. Faecal samples taken in September were examined to establish the presence of parasites by means of egg counts and larval identification. During the stabling period, dry cows were either treated with ivermectin or with a placebo in alternate sequence of expected calving date. As a result, 285 cows were treated with ivermectin while 242 cows served as controls. Anthelmintic treatment resulted in a significant increase in the 305-day milk production of 205.1 kg (P less than 0.01). Fat and protein percentages were not significantly influenced by anthelmintic treatment. There was a significant between-herd variation in nematode antibody titres and in pepsinogen values. The mean herd milk-production response to treatment correlated positively with the mean herd Ostertagia antibody titre measured in September 1985 (r = 0.364, P less than 0.05).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Lack of reversion of a benzimidazole resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus after six years of levamisole usage.

The resistance level of Haemonchus contortus was studied on a farm where benzimidazole resistance had been detected in 1980 and where, since 1982, only levamisole had been used for worm control. Egg development tests gave LD50 values of 0.18, 0.19 and 0.21 microgram ml-1 thiabendazole for samples taken from ewes in 1988 compared with 0.21 microgram ml-1 in 1981. Studies on sheep experimentally infected with larvae cultured from the faeces of these ewes confirmed the continued resistance of H contortus to benzimidazoles, and demonstrated the absence of benzimidazole resistance in other nematode species together with the susceptibility of all species to levamisole.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The prophylactic effect of albendazole containing a pulse-release bolus on gastrointestinal helminth infection in calves].

The prophylactic effect of an albendazole containing 'pulse release' bolus on gastrointestinal helminth infection in calves during their first grazing season was tested on a farm in the Netherlands in 1986. Thirty calves were divided into two groups of young calves and two of old calves. On being turned out to grass, calves of one of these groups were given a bolus containing 3 x 2 grammes of albendazole, to be released after thirty-one, sixty-two and ninety-three days. The treated young calves showed a much lower egg-output, produced a lower infestation of herbage, displayed significantly lower pepsinogen levels and showed a significantly better gain in weight compared with the untreated young calves. Differences were not observed between the two groups of older calves, probably because of the fact that one of the treated calves had lost the bolus at an earlier stage.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of the efficacy of four different long-acting boluses to prevent infections with Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves.

A field study of calves in their first grazing season tested the efficacy of four long-acting devices--a morantel sustained-release bolus, a levamisole sustained-release bolus, an oxfendazole interval bolus, and an albendazole interval bolus--against Dictyocaulus viviparus. The pasture had been previously contaminated by four calves orally inoculated with infective lungworm larvae. The calves were grazed together with four bolus-treated groups, each comprising four calves. Lungworm infection became patent in the experimentally inoculated calves between 22 and 26 days. Infection in the bolus-treated groups became patent after 54 days. The morantel bolus group excreted the most larvae, followed by the albendazole bolus group, and the levamisole bolus group. The oxfendazole bolus group excreted by far the least larvae. Eosinophil curves and ELISA titres showed that treated groups had essentially the same course of infection. The heavy infection to which the treated calves were exposed produced complete immunity in all groups. Challenge infection of 10,000 larvae at housing did not change any of the test parameters. Post-mortem examination showed only one positive calf with few worms. We concluded that when pastures are heavily infested with lungworm larvae, all boluses prevent severe clinical signs and allow build up of solid immunity, although none completely prevent excretion of larvae.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of various disinfectants on the development and survival possibilities of the pre-parasitic stages of Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora and Ascaris suum].

Eleven disinfectants varying in chemical composition and containing active chlorine, phenol, cresol, sodium or potassium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, glutaraldehydes or paraformaldehyde were tested for their lethal effect on eggs and infective larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora and non-embryonated and embryonated eggs of Ascaris suum. Suspensions of all tested stages were mixed with the disinfectants in the concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and with double concentrations during the recommended period of exposure or for 24 hours. Survival of eggs of O. ostertagi and C. oncophora was evaluated by incubation for 24 hours at 20 degrees C of thoroughly washed, treated eggs followed by microscopic examination and differentiation into developed or undeveloped eggs. Survival of non-embryonated eggs of A. suum was measured by incubation for thirty days at 30 degrees C of thoroughly washed, treated eggs followed by microscopic examination of their development. Survival after treatment of infective larvae of O. ostertagi and C. oncophora and of embryonated eggs of A. suum was determined by the motility of the larvae. When 90 per cent of killing was considered to be effective, then none of the disinfectants was effective against the eggs of O. ostertagi or the two types of A. suum. Eggs of C. oncophora were killed by phenols, and infective larvae of O. ostertagi and C. oncophora were killed by sodium hydroxide.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Testing of a deworming scheme for horses].

In 1983 and 1984 the effect of a deworming scheme, in which horses were treated at turn out and 4 and 8 weeks later, on the egg output, larval differentiation, weight gain, herbage infestation and in 1984, the percentages of some serum proteins were tested. In 1983 the experiment was done with 42 mares, 54 two year old male horses and 42 male yearlings, kept in groups with permanent or rotational grazing. In 1984 only 90 male yearlings were investigated. In 1983 albendazole and ivermectin were used, 1984 ivermectin. The results of the faecal examinations showed that after ivermectin treatment the number of eggs per gram faeces (EPG) remained zero or very low for a longer time. In 1983 an increase was seen during August. In 1984 the increase was observed at the end of August/beginning of September. Treatment with albendazole gave a less efficient suppression of egg output, resulting in a sharp EPG-increase at the end of July/beginning of August. After first treatment either with ivermectin or albendazole, no larvae of great Strongyles were seen. The results of the herbage infestation on the paddocks were according to the EPGs of the horses that grazed the paddocks some time earlier. Infestation was highest in late summer and autumn, lowest in early and mid summer. No significant differences in weight gain were observed between the groups. The percentage of beta 1 + 2-globulin was highest at turn out. After first treatment it decreased, but remained stable thereafter during the season, irrespective of the reinfection in autumn. Post-mortem results of four tracers in 1984 varied from ca. 275,000-2,000,000 small Strongyles. The conclusion was drawn that under the present conditions the system was not satisfactory to prevent a reasonable worm infestation in late summer/autumn. The following advice was given: treatment of horses at least 48 hours before turn out, deworming each four weeks up till July, treatment in September and in November (also against Gasterophilus).

Albendazole↗
PubMed1987

Strains of cattle parasites in the Netherlands with different propensities for inhibited development.

A field study was undertaken of the possible differences in propensity for inhibited development in strains of cattle nematodes from two different locations in The Netherlands. In one location (Lelystad) the strains were thought to lack the ability for inhibited development as a result of environmental stimuli on the infective larvae, while in the other location (Utrecht) this ability was presumed to be present. The Lelystad strains were kept at the original location and were also transferred to a pasture in Utrecht, while the Utrecht strains remained in Utrecht. At both locations all permanent grazing calves showed high proportions of inhibited early fourth stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi, the proportion of the Utrecht strain being higher than the local and the transferred Lelystad strain. For Cooperia oncophora and Nematodirus helvetianus no clear differences between locations were observed in the permanently grazed calves. No inhibition occurred in tracer calves turned out in August in either location, but differences were seen among tracer calves turned out in October. The Lelystad strains, kept in Lelystad or transferred to Utrecht, showed no inhibition, while in the tracer calves grazed on pastures contaminated by the Utrecht strains a marked inhibition of O. ostertagi and N. helvetianus was observed. The Lelystad strains appear to lack the ability, possessed by the Utrecht strains, to inhibit their development in autumn in response to environmental stimuli.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1987

Changes in LC50 in an in vitro egg development assay during the patent period of Haemonchus contortus in sheep.

Using an in vitro egg development assay with thiabendazole as anthelmintic the LC50 of eggs produced by two sheep infected with either a susceptible or a resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus was followed during the patent period from 22 days to 77 days after infection. In both sheep the LC50 followed the same pattern. At the start of the patent period the average values for the susceptible and the resistant strain were, respectively, 0.05 and 0.21 micrograms ml-1 thiabendazole, after 40 to 60 days 0.09 and 0.35 micrograms ml-1, while after 77 days 0.07 and 0.24 micrograms ml-1 were recorded.

Animals↗