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Biomedical subjects

F H Borgsteede

Publications and source records attributed to F H Borgsteede.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Prevalence of benzimidazole resistance of nematodes in sheep in The Netherlands.

A survey was carried out in The Netherlands to determine the prevalence of benzimidazole resistance in sheep nematodes. It was shown that 47 per cent of the 59 investigated flocks harboured trichostrongylid populations with resistance to benzimidazoles, as demonstrated by an LD50 value of 0.12 micrograms ml-1 thiabendazole or higher in an in vitro egg hatch assay. On these farms Haemonchus contortus was found to be the dominant species. In two flocks resistant Ostertagia and, or, Trichostrongylus species populations were found. Farms with resistance were revisited to determine the anthelmintic efficacy in vivo by means of treatment and egg count. In only four of the 19 flocks which showed resistance in vitro was an efficacy of less than 95 per cent in vivo achieved. This means that there is a discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro results. Resistance was found more frequently on pure sheep farms than on mixed farms. It is suggested that mixed farms offer more refuge for susceptible H contortus populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The residual effect of treatment with ivermectin after experimental reinfection with nematodes in calves.

The residual effect of treatment with ivermectin after experimental reinfection in calves was tested. Twenty-four calves were divided into 6 groups of 4 calves each. All calves received a primary infection of 50,000 larvae of both Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora and 1000 Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. Calves of group 1 remained untreated, and all other calves were treated 21 days after primary infection (0.2 mg/kg injected subcutaneously). Calves of groups 1 and 2 were slaughtered 7 days later. Calves of groups 3-6 were reinfected with the same number of larvae 3 days, 1, 3 and 6 weeks after treatment respectively. Slaughter was 21 days after reinfection. Based on post-mortem worm counts the efficacy of ivermectin after primary infection was 99.7% for O. ostertagi, 95.1% for C. oncophora and 100% for D. viviparus. A residual effect was present for at least one week, but could not be observed 3 weeks after treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of cool storage of faecal samples containing Haemonchus contortus eggs on the results of an in vitro egg development assay to test anthelmintic resistance.

An in vitro egg development assay was used to test the resistance of eggs from a benzimidazole susceptible and a resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus to four benzimidazoles. Storage of eggs contained in faecal samples at 4 degrees C for four, 24 or 72 hours did not appear to impair the results from the in vitro egg development assay or alter the LD50. Storage for one week, however, proved to be lethal for the eggs. The average LD50 values for thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole and cambendazole were 0.06, 0.07, 0.96 and 2.47 ppm for the susceptible strain. For the resistant strain the values averaged 0.26, 0.24, 1.07 and 5.11 ppm.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Resistance of Cooperia curticei against fenbendazole.

Resistance of Cooperia curticei against fenbendazole was demonstrated in The Netherlands. Experimental infection of lambs followed by intraruminal injection of 5 mg kg-1 showed a 100 per cent survival of the C curticei population. With an in vitro egg development assay LC50 values between 0.23 and 0.38 micrograms ml-1 thiabendazole were found. This is the first record of a Cooperia species resistant against an anthelmintic.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Various cases of cysticercosis in sheep in the Netherlands].

During the period from January to March 1985, approximately ninety cases of Cysticercus ovis infection in sheep were observed in a slaughter-house in The Netherlands. Investigations into the cause of this infection showed that dogs kept by the owners of the slaughter-house, had in all likelihood been the source of contamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Comparison of the efficacy of ivermectin in injectable form and as a paste in horses].

A comparison was made of the efficacy of Ivermectin administered as an injection and as a paste. Fourteen horses which were naturally infected with small strongyles were divided into three groups. Animals of group 1 received an injection of 5 ml Ivermectin, equivalent to 500 kg bodyweight, horses of group 2 received one injector with Ivermectin as a paste (for 500 kg body weight), a third group remained untreated as a control. Faecal examinations and larval cultures on the day of treatment and 14, 28 and 42 days later showed that both injection and paste had a 100 percent efficacy against mature and immature small strongyles in these horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of the use of a morantel sustained release bolus in first and second year grazing cattle.

In an experiment carried out in 1981 and 1982, the effect of the use of a morantel sustained release bolus (Paratect bolus) on the weight gain and a number of parasitological parameters of cattle was studied. In the first year 42 calves were divided into 3 equal groups, one group was kept outside and treated with a bolus (B), the second group was kept outside and was not treated (C), while the third group remained indoors (I). Groups B and C were grazed separately on contaminated pasture. During the first months Group B had a negligible egg output. The egg output in the controls was much higher and in mid-August they had to be treated for parasitic gastroenteritis. At the end of the grazing season the advantage in weight gain of Group B was 20 kg compared with the controls. During the housing period the growth in the 3 groups was not significantly different. At the start of the second grazing season half the animals of Groups B, C and I received a bolus (Groups BB, CB and IB). The other half remained untreated (BC, CC and IC). The animals treated with a bolus in 1982 gained significantly more weight (64 g/day) than untreated animals. Heifers turned out for the first time (IB and IC) showed much less weight gain than heifers in their second grazing season. The heifers which had previously grazed in 1981 had a very low egg output compared with Groups IB and IC, although the level of egg output of the latter was also not very high (max, almost 40 (eggs per gram (EPG)). In faecal cultures of heifers of Group BC, CB and CC, no Cooperia oncophora-larvae were seen from May onwards, indicating a strong immunity against this species. In Group BB very low numbers of C. oncophora-larvae were observed. In Groups IB and IC, C. oncophora was present during the whole season. At the end of the first season the level of herbage infestation on the control pastures was much higher. In 1982 only slight differences in level of infestation between the pastures were observed. At the start of the season in 1982 serum pepsinogen levels were much higher in the groups which grazed in 1981, compared with the indoor-fed groups. Groups BC and CC had significantly higher levels than Groups BB and CB and all 4 groups always had higher levels than Groups IB and IC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of experimental Ostertagia ostertagi infections in stabled milking cows on egg output, serum pepsinogen levels, antibody titres and milk production.

Two trials with stabled milking cows were carried out. In the first trial, cows were either experimentally infected with Ostertagia ostertagi larvae or served as naturally-infected controls. In the second trial, cows were treated the same as in the first trial, but in addition half of the number of cows of each group were treated with oxfendazole before the trial started. The results showed that experimental infection influenced Ostertagia egg output, host serum pepsinogen levels and anti-Ostertagia antibody titres. The influence on egg output consisted of an initial decrease 1 week after infection, followed by an increase 3-7 weeks after infection. The pepsinogen level was significantly elevated after one week. The antibody titres increased from 3 weeks p.i. onwards. No influence on the milk production could be demonstrated. Naturally-infected controls also showed a rise in pepsinogen level and antibody titres, probably due to the existing worm burden. The egg output appeared to be influenced by the partus. Naturally-infected cows, treated with oxfendazole, showed no changes in any of the parameters during the trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Helminth parasites of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) in The Netherlands.

To study the helminth fauna of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in The Netherlands, material was collected from 139 foxes. The following parasites were found. Cestodes: Taenia spp. 53.3%, Hymenolepis spp. 1.5%; Trematodes: Alaria alata 10.9%, Cryptocotyle lingua 3.6%, Euparyphium melis 1.5%, Apophallus donicus 0.7%; Nematodes: Toxocara canis 73.7%, Uncinaria stenocephala 59.9%, Capillaria aerophila 46.8%, C. plica 23.5%, Molineus patens 5.1%, Crenosoma vulpis 4.5%, Strongyloides spp. 0.7%. The tapeworms Mesocestoides spp. and Echinococcus spp. were not seen. No relationship was observed between worm burden and sex, time of year or place of origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Survival potential of Trichostrongylus eggs and larva in soil].

The survival of Trichostrongylid-eggs and -larvae in the soil was studied during the period from September 1980 to November 1980. The number of eggs and larvae found was very low. The conclusion was that survival in the soil was negligible in the conditions reported. The role of drug beetles and earthworms in survival requires closer examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[The prophylactic effect of a morantel sustained release bolus (Paratect) on lungworm infections in vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves].

Groups of four calves received a vaccination, a vaccination combined with a morantel sustained release bolus (Paratect) together with the second vaccination dose, a vaccination combined with a Paratect bolus 14 days after the second dose, a Paratect bolus alone or remained untreated. From the faecal, serological and clinical observations it was concluded that the larval output, the course of the antibody titers against lungworm and the clinical picture of the calves which had received a bolus after or together with the vaccination did not differ from the observations in the only vaccinated calves. Calves provided with a Paratect bolus were excreting lungworm larvae in the faeces and showed mild symptoms of parasitic bronchitis. It was not necessary to treat these calves in contrast with the untreated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effects of the use of the morantel sustained release bolus system on calves grazing a highly contaminated pasture in The Netherlands.

The efficacy of the morantel sustained release bolus system for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in calves was evaluated in the Netherlands. The effect of bolus administration to calves, either on May 1 at the beginning of the summer grazing season or on June 12 after the pasture was mown for silage, was determined in respect of liveweight gain, faecal worm egg output, serum pepsinogen values and worm burdens. In addition, pairs of tracer calves were turned out with each group every four weeks and sacrificed for worm counts in order to monitor pasture larval contamination throughout the grazing period. Compared with nontreated control calves, the worm egg outputs of the bolus-treated calves turned out (Nematodirus helvetianus), while the bolus-treated calves turned out on June 12 had a corresponding reduction of 95 and 100 percent. Over the grazing season the average weight gain of bolus-treated calves turned out on May 1 was 34 kg more than nontreated controls turned out at the same time. Difference in weight gain of the treated and control calves turned out late in the season was 10.5 kg in favour of the treated group. The postmortem worm counts were highest in the control calves turned out early and lowest in the bolus-treated calves turned out late. All tracer calves placed on the paddock grazed by control calves (turned out early) died from parasitic gastroenteritis from July onwards while those from the paddock grazed by the control calves (turned out late) died from parasitic gastroenteritis from September onwards. All the tracer calves placed on the paddocks grazed by bolus-treated calves survived until the intended slaughter date.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of alternate grazing on faecal egg output of gastrointestinal nematodes and on the growth of calves and lambs].

During the period from 1975 to 1977, the faecal egg output of gastrointestinal nematodes and the gain in weight of a group of calves and a group of ewes with lambs on pastures alternately grazed by the two groups, were compared with the egg output and the gain in weight of a group of calves and a group of ewes with lambs not grazed alternately. The annual level of the egg output was identical in each comparable group. Variations in larval differentiation were observed between the groups grazed alternately or not. More host-specific species of worm showed a higher egg output in the calves and lambs which were not alternately grazed. Both calves and lambs, which were not grazed alternately, showed a higher host-specific Ostertagia-egg output. Less host-specific species were easily transferred to another host. Haemonchus contortus was frequently found to be present in calves and Cooperia oncophora in lambs. The annual gain in weight of the calves in the comparable groups was the same throughout the years. Each year lambs grazed alternately showed higher gains in weight compared with animals not alternately grazed. However, it is apparent from the literature that management systems are an important factor and therefore these results merely suggest that more satisfactory results may be obtained by alternate grazing.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1982

The infectivity of some nematode parasites of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) and elk (Alces alces L.) for cattle and sheep.

Cross infections were carried out by dosing parasite-free calves and lambs with third stage nematode larvae cultured from the faeces of reindeer and elk. Two lambs each received 20,000 larvae from reindeer, and one lamb 20,000 larvae from elk. One calf received 50,000 larvae from reindeer and one 50,000 from elk. The animals were killed 28 days after infection. Egg output did not differ significantly between the lambs nor between the calves, but in the lambs the output was much higher than in the calves (highest cound 4300 versus 275). Worm counts varied among the animals independent of the origin of the larvae. The highest take was found in the lamb infected with larvae from elk (81.5%) and the lowest in the calf infected with larvae from elk (15.1%). Ostertagia leptospicularis was the dominant species (80% or more) and the only other species present were Skrjabinagia kolchida and Spiculopteragia boehmi. The latter was found in a higher percentage (14.0 and 10.4) in the animals that received larvae cultured from elk faeces. Under natural conditions O. leptospicularis is possibly the only pathogenic species that can play a role in cross contamination to cattle and sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Worm burdens in cows. II. An analysis of the population of nematodes in the abomasa of adult dairy cows.

Over a period of one year, from February 1979-February 1980, the abomasa of four dairy cows were examined each week for the presence of parasitic nematodes. Based on the identification of adult male worms, Ostertagia ostertagi (94%) and Trichostrongylus axei (75%) were the most prevalent species, and Haemonchus contortus was absent. Total worm burdens varied from zero (one cow) to 100,890. The geometric mean total number was 3011. The geometric mean number of arrested larval stages was 685. Of the adult worm burden, more than 85% consisted of O. ostertagi, about 12% of T. axei, the remaining 3% was other species. No relationship could be found between worm burdens and the age of cow, the weight of the abomasum or the milk yield. The adult Ostertagia burden was highest in winter, lowest in summer. Besides those of O. ostertagi, small numbers of arrested larvae of T. axei were observed from September onwards. Cows from farms with a zero-grazing system had significantly fewer worms than cows from other farms independently of the time of the year.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1982

Oxfendazole efficacy in calves: a comparison of oral and intraruminal route of administration.

Twenty-seven calves of the Dutch Friesian breed were housed after their first grazing season and divided into 3 groups, each of 9 animals. Two of the groups were treated with oxfendazole 9.06 per cent suspension administered either orally or intraruminally, whilst the third group was retained as an untreated control. No differences in efficacy were observed between the two treated groups and oxfendazole administered by either route was 100 per cent effective in removing adult populations of the major strongylids and trichostrongylids present.

Administration, Oral↗