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Biomedical subjects

F H Linthicum

Publications and source records attributed to F H Linthicum.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensorineural impairment in unilateral otosclerosis.

Audiometric findings were evaluated in a group of patients with clinical unilateral otosclerosis. A comparison was made between bone conduction threshold in the better hearing ear and the ear with the mixed hearing loss. Over 50% of the patients had a significant elevation in the bone conduction thresholds in the ear with clinical otosclerosis as compared to the uninvolved ear. A pair of temporal bones from a patient with unilateral otosclerosis and unilateral mixed hearing loss is presented.

Adult↗
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The fate of cartilage grafts for ossicular reconstruction in tympanoplasty.

Summary--Six autograft tragal cartilages and two preserved homograft nasal septal cartilages removed from revision tympanoplasty were examined with histologic and histochemical stains. The implanted cartilage remained in the middle ear from six months to eighteen months without significant inflammatory reaction or evidence of resorption. It appears that the implanted cartilages removed from tympanoplasty have been well tolerated in the middle ear space.

Adolescent↗
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Sensorineural hearing loss due to cochlear otospongiosis: theoretical considerations of etiology.

Several theories have been advanced to explain the sensorineural hearing loss that occurs in patients with otospongiosis: toxic substances produced by the otospongiotic focus; vascular shunts betwen the inner ear vessels and the otospongiotic focus; and atrophy of the organ of Corti and stria vascularis due to unknown causes. Presented here is yet another theory: impingement upon the cochlear walls by the otospongiotic focus, causing a narrowing of the lumen of the cochlea and distortion of the basilar membrane.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
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Otosclerotic inner ear syndrome.

Twenty-seven patients with clinical otosclerosis and vertigo underwent stapedectomies. Vertigo improved or completely disappeared in 23 patients, indicating that stapedectomy is probably helpful. Three case reports are also presented as well as photomicrographs of temporal bones showing the focus in contact with the pars superior.

Female↗
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Cochlear and vestibular lesions in capsular otosclerosis as seen in microdissection.

In 24 temporal bones from patients with otosclerosis prepared by the method of microdissection and surface preparations, otosclerotic foci could be clearly seen during removal of the otic capsule. The state of activity of each focus was estimated on the basis of its consistency and vascularity. Small anterior foci constituted the most common form of involvement of the otic capsule. All were judged to be inactive, and none of them appeared to have caused obvious sensorineural degeneration. No cases of "pure cochlear otosclerosis" were seen. Sensorineural degeneration was associated with large anterior foci which reached the upper basal turn. One specimen displayed a circumscribed sensorineural degeneration in the upper basal turn, with an almost exact correspondence between the location and extent of the cochlear lesion and the site of invasion by the otosclerotic process in the bone and endosteum bordering on scala media and scala tympani. It is postulated that a toxic factor had diffused from the focus and acted directly on the organ of Corti. When multiple foci were present they were usually poorly defined. The otosclerotic process involved the round window, with new lamellar bone formation in the scala tympant of the lower half of the basal turn. The most extensive sensorineural degeneration in the entire material was seen in this group. One specimen also had severe cochlear hydrops. In three specimens large shunts were observed to connect the otosclerotic foci with the cochlear vasculature, which was severely dilated. Where otosclerosis involved the endosteum of the scala tympani, loss of vessels was observed. One specimum with extensive active capsular otosclerosis had severe sensorineural degeneration of the vestibular system. Vestibular pathology in fenestrated ears is also described. In a specimen from a patient with no caloric reaction, numerous hair cells were present in the macular organs.

Aged↗
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Histologic evaluation of temporal bones with cochlear implants.

Ectopic bone in the scala tympani is characteristic of cochlear otosclerosis and meningitis, which are the two most frequent etiologies of deafness in cochlear implant patients. The ectopic bone in a multiple-electrode implanted bone is probably caused by disease (syphilis) rather than by the electrode or electrical stimulation. The sensory elements being stimulated by intracochlear electrodes probably are the ganglion cells.

Cochlear Implants↗
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Histologically proven cochlear otosclerosis with pure sensorineural hearing loss.

This paper discusses cochlear otosclerosis without stapedial fixation as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Because many cases of cochlear otosclerosis may remain undiagnosed, we believe that patients with a progressive sensorineural hearing loss and a family history of cochlear otosclerosis should be suspected of having cochlear otosclerosis. A positive stapedial reflex on-off effect or polytomographic findings help make the diagnosis. We prescribe sodium fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D for these patients in an effort to prevent progression of the loss.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endolymphatic sac: possible role in autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss.

Histologic examination of the temporal bone of a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis showed involvement of the vessels of the endolymphatic sac (ELS) but no involvement of the vasculature of the rest of the inner ear. Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss in this patient may have been due to interference of antigens and antibodies with the filtering capacity of the ELS, leading to imbalance of inner ear fluids. Histologic findings reemphasize that the cochlea and ELS have different blood supplies.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
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Human endolymphatic sac: morphologic evidence of immunologic function.

The ultrastructure of ten normal human endolymphatic sacs (ES), fixed immediately after death and obtained at autopsy, was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The roles of the epithelium, subepithelial space, vasculature, and ES leukocytes were morphologically studied to evaluate possible immunologic functions of the human ES. In addition, five intraosseous ES biopsies from patients undergoing translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma resection were studied using the immunoperoxidase technique to identify specific leukocyte subpopulations. Evidence of phagocytic activity included the presence of phagocytic epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Immune surveillance was suggested by intraepithelial and subepithelial T-lymphocytes, numerous fenestrated blood vessels, and the presence of a homogeneously staining substance within the lumina of ES epithelial tubules. No B-lymphocytes were found. The findings support the existence of a local immune system of the normal human inner ear.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex. A post mortem study on temporal bones.

Otitis media (OM) is an infection localized in the middle ear: mastoid, middle ear cavity, Eustachian tube. The classification of OM includes otitis media with effusion, otitis media without effusion, and chronic otitis media. A rare complication of chronic otitis is cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex. It may develop in any aerated portion of the temporal bone but most commonly develops when a pathologic process obstruct the air cell tracts to the petrous apex preventing normal aeration.

Autopsy↗
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Chronic otitis media: histopathological changes: a post mortem study on temporal bones.

The temporal bones of 4 deceased individuals, with concomitant chronic otitis media are studied. The various histopathological changes in the middle ear cleft are examined: suppuration, polyps, granulation tissue. The possibilities of spontaneous healing of a perforated TM and the indications of surgical treatment are discussed.

Autopsy↗
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Otosclerosis and cochlear otosclerosis: a post mortem study on temporal bones.

We have chosen among many temporal bones of donors deceased individuals with concomitant otosclerosis, three particular cases, one with classic otosclerosis, another with cochlear otosclerosis with concomitant oval window ankylosis and another with cochlear otosclerosis without stapes fixation. The different histopathologic features are discussed and clinical and therapeutical guidelines are proposed.

Cochlear Diseases↗
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Cholesteatomatous otitis media: histopathological changes. A post mortem study on temporal bones.

The histopathological changes in the temporal bones of 3 deceased donors individuals with concomitant chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media have been studied. The different forms of cholesteatoma are analyzed: the primary congenital, the primary acquired and the secondary acquired. The different clinical relevance and the different therapeutic guidelines are discussed.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗
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Ménière's disease. Histopathological changes: a post mortem study on temporal bones.

The histopathological changes in the temporal bones of two deceased donors individuals with concomitant Ménierè's disease have been studied. In one temporal bone we have found a blockage of the endolymphatic duct by abnormal bone. The histopathological modifications and the different therapeutic options are discussed. Clinical guidelines are proposed.

Ear, Middle↗
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Cochlear implant. Histopathological guide to indications and contraindications: a post mortem study on temporal bones.

We have studied the temporal bones of 4 deceased donors, individuals one with cochlear saccular degeneration, another with Mondini dysplasia, another with an ossification of the basal turn of the cochlea and the round window, post meningitis and the fourth who was implanted 10 years before. The indications and contraindications for cochlear implant placement are discussed.

Cochlea↗