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Biomedical subjects

F Modabber

Publications and source records attributed to F Modabber.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Development of vaccines against leishmaniasis.

A vaccine against leishmaniasis is the only practical means to control this disease in many epidemiological situations. Two approaches have been adopted: pragmatic and systematic. The pragmatic approach involves trial of crude leishmanial components in animals and then in humans if they meet safety requirements. The systematic approach requires identification of the protective immunogen(s), appropriate carrier and adjuvant, and determination of the immune responses and modes of presentation of the immunogens to achieve the desired effect. Progress have been made with both approaches. Killed Leishmania promastigotes have been used in Brazil for high risk individuals with encouraging results. Impressive results have also been observed with killed Leishmania plus BCG for immunotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela. With the systematic approach, recent research has identified some protective immunogens, cloned protective murine T-cells, developed primate models resembling the human disease, cloned and expressed genes of some potential immunogens, identified some features of the protective immune response, determined modes of presentation of immunogen to produce a protective response, and been able to protect mice (even/Balb/c) against L. major infection. The difficult part that remains is the implementation of a vaccine or any control measure in the poor communities where they are needed and where the lack of required infrastructure does not allow adequate coverage.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Experiences with vaccines against cutaneous leishmaniasis: of men and mice.

The need for a vaccine(s) against cutaneous leishmaniasis and the populations at risk for whom such vaccines should be developed are briefly discussed. The current human vaccine studies are reviewed, as are some experimental mouse studies with emphasis on Leishmania major infection relevant to vaccine development. Based on the information available from the mouse model and those data which are being sought in human studies, the benign nature of the cutaneous disease, the ease with which L. major can be manipulated to yield the required material, and the ongoing practice of leishmanization which allows rapid evaluation of candidate vaccine(s), it is suggested that a vaccine, at least against L. major, is imminent in the not too distant future.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of T and B antigen-binding cells for beta-galactosidase. II. T antigen-binding cells.

The results reported in this paper suggest that the specific Z-binding cells of the normal mouse include a large portion of T lymphocytes. Depletion of T cells with anti-theta serum and cortisone indicates that the majority of the ZBC of the thymus, which occur at frequencies of about 150/10(6), are indeed T cells. Similar treatment of spleen cells suggests that approximately half the binding cells in that organ are contributed by the T lymphocyte population. T-and B-enriched populations obtained from the spleen by using differential adherence to nylon wool contained equal numbers of ZBC and bound equivalent amounts of the antigen. Hence, there appears to be a high frequency of T lymphocytes that can be shown to bind beta-galactosidase specifically in both the thymus and spleen of normal mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of cyclophosphamide on the recovery from a local chlamydial infection. Guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC).

The immune mechanism involved in the recovery from and resistance to guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) was studied. Guinea-pigs were injected with a dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) (300 mg/kg wt) that inhibits antibody synthesis. Such treatment was shown to produce a cellular depletion in the B-cell area without producing an appreciable change in the T-cell area of the spleen and lymph nodes. CY treatment markedly delayed the appearance of secretory immunoglobulin A antibody to GPIC in the tears, and other classes of antibodies to GPIC and sheep erythrocyte in the serum. Furthermore, recovery from infection was impaired and a subsequent injection of CY prolonged the duration of infection. The results indicate that B cells may play an important role in the control of this infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of T and B antigen-binding cells for beta-galactosidase. I. beta-galactosidase-binding cells in the thymus and spleen of normal mice.

The results reported in this paper demonstrate that the enumeration of cells binding beta-galactosidase (Z) as an antigen, revealed by subsequent substrate hydrolysis, is an excellent method for the detection and study of antigen-binding cells (ZBC). The binding found is specific and is restricted to a small number of lymphocytes that bind a large number of Z molecules via surface receptors. Such ZBC were found at mean frequencies of 150 per 10(6) in the thymus and 200 to 300 per 10(6) in the spleen. The binding cells of both organs were heterogenous with individual ZBC binding from 10(5) to 10(6) molecules of enzyme as determined by substrate hydrolysis, although this might well be an overestimate of the number of actual receptors. The profiles for the frequency of ZBC binding different numbers of molecules were nearly identical for thymus and spleen, in contrast to descriptions of the binding of many other antigens. Receptors responsible for Z binding appear to be superficially located on the cell since they are trypsin-sensitive to a large extent and are not increased by fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Antigen-binding cells in normal mouse thymus.

The thymus of a normal adult mouse contains lymphocytic cells with a large number of antigen-binding receptors. Binding of the antigen by these cells is specific and can be inhibited by cross-reactive materials. It is possible that the interaction of thymocytes with antibody-forming precursor cells, required in the primary immune response to certain antigens, is mediated by these specific antigen-binding cells of the thymus.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Antigen binding to cells: determination by enzymic fluorogenic group hydrolysis.

A sensitive method for detecting cells containing antibody to beta-galactosidase has been devised. The enzyme attached to the cells containing antibody can hydrolyze a fluorogenic substrate and yield fluorescent products which are measured microphotofluorometrically. This method of detecting a few molecules of antibody is applicable to other enzyme antigen systems.

Animals↗