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Biomedical subjects

F Mosimann

Publications and source records attributed to F Mosimann.

157 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Lack of effect of bile in pathogenesis of secretion in mechanical small bowel obstruction.

In dogs, the principal lesion in the ileal mucosa above a mechanical obstruction is the induction of a secretory state in which there is a net loss of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. The role of stagnated bile as a possible agent provoking this secretion was explored by ligating the common bile duct and diverting the bile by means of an anastomosis between the gall bladder and the ileum distal to the obstruction. 7 days after creation of an obstruction with bile diversion, the functional and morphological changes in the obstructed loop were almost identical to those occurring in animals with obstructions without bile diversion. The secretory response above the obstruction continued unabated, with levels of cAMP in the secreting mucosae lower than in control tissues. These results suggest: (a) that the secretion in the obstructed intestine is not influenced by the presence of bile, and (b) that this secretion may not be secondary to an increase in mucosal cAMP levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Is functional demand a condition without which the pancreatic auto transplant can not survive in the dog's spleen?].

Two groups of mongrel dogs underwent intrasplenic autotransplantation of pancreatic tissues prepared from the head and tail of the organ. In the first group (12), the operation was terminated by the removal of the rest of the gland. In the second group (8), total pancreatectomy was done 6-8 months after autotransplantation. The first group of dogs became spontaneously normoglycemic after ten days of moderate hyperglycemia; their insulinemia increased significantly during a glucose loading test. The second group of dogs never became normoglycemic but remained vivacious; insulin level in their splenic vein increased moderately only after glucose injection. Microscopically, exo- and endocrine pancreatic tissues were seen in the spleens of the first group of dogs; in the spleens of the second group of dogs, only a few degenerating B cells were observed. These results suggest that the temporary hyperglycemia following autotransplantation of pancreatic tissues is a functional demand: it is necessary for ultimate survival and function of transplanted B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Role of the bile in lesions of the intestinal mucosa above a mechanical occlusion].

In dogs, the principal lesion in the ileal mucosa above a mechanical obstruction is the induction of a secretory state in which there is a net loss of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. The role of stagnated bile as a possible agent provoking this secretion was explored by ligating the common bile duct and diverting the bile by means of an anastomosis between the gall bladder and the ileum distal to the obstruction. Seven days after creation of an obstruction with bile derivation, the functional and morphological changes in the obstructed loop were almost identical to those occurring in animals with obstructions without bile diversion. The secretory response above the obstruction continued unabated. These results suggest that the secretion in the obstructed intestine is not influeced by the presence of bile.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transplantation of encapsulated bovine chromaffin cells in the sheep subarachnoid space: a preclinical study for the treatment of cancer pain.

Chromaffin cells have been shown to release a combination of pain-reducing neuroactive compounds including catecholamines and opioid peptides. The allogeneic transplantation of chromaffin cells in the subarachnoid space has been shown to alleviate pain in various rodent models and possibly in terminal cancer patients. Because of the shortage of human cadaver donor tissue, we are investigating the possibility of transplanting xenogeneic cells in polymer capsules. In this technique, cells are surrounded by a permselective synthetic membrane whose pores are suitably sized to allow diffusion of nutrients, neurotransmitters and growth factors, but restrict the diffusion of the large molecules of the immune system and prevent contact with immunocompetent cells. The encapsulation technique therefore allows transplantation of xenogeneic tissue between species as well as retrieval of transplanted cells. Previously we have reported that encapsulated bovine chromaffin cells survive and alleviate pain in various rodent models. The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility of implanting a human sized device in a large animal model. Adrenals from 5 calves were surgically removed; chromaffin cells were isolated from these glands using a collagenase-based digestion-filtration technique. Cells were loaded into acrylic-based tubular (5 cm long, 920 microns wide) permselective capsules attached to silicone tethers. The capsules were maintained in vitro for at least 7 days following the encapsulation procedure. Nicotine evoked release was analyzed in a defined subgroup from each batch. One capsule was then implanted using a guiding cannula system in the lumbar subarachnoid space of each sheep for 4 (n = 5) and 8 (n = 1) wk. All capsules were retrieved intact by gentle pulling on the silicone tether. Except for one capsule, the evoked catecholamine release of the retrieved capsules was in the same range as that of other capsules from the same cohort that had been maintained in vitro. All retrieved capsules were devoid of host cell reaction. Clusters of viable cells dispersed in an alginate immobilizing matrix were observed throughout all the implanted capsules. This study demonstrates the feasibility of transplanting functional encapsulated xenogeneic chromaffin cells into the cerebrospinal fluid of a large animal model using a capsule of appropriate dimensions for human implants. We believe that these results suggest the appropriateness of human clinical trials in patients suffering from refractory terminal cancer pain.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aorto-enteric fistulas. Report of 12 cases].

Aorto-enteric fistulae are primary or secondary. The primary variant is the rupture of an aortic aneurysm into the gastro-intestinal tract. The secondary fistulae are complications of reconstructive aortic surgery. We report our experience with 12 aorto-enteric fistulae (2 primary and 10 secondary) treated from 1971 to 1989. All patients presented with gastro-intestinal bleeding and the fistula was to the duodenum (3), jejunum (8) or appendix (1). In the secondary patients, a mean of 5 years had elapsed since the aortic replacement. In addition to closure of the enteric defect, three types of treatment were applied: excision of the old prosthesis, infrarenal aortic closure and axillo-bifemoral bypass (5); insertion of a new graft (3) and local repair (3). A patient was not treated due to a triple carcinoma. Hospital mortality was 50%. We conclude that the diagnosis of aortoenteric fistula is difficult and that the mortality is high. The operative management remains imperfect and a subject of controversy. Prevention and early detection request more attention than in the past.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enterogastric reflux: experimental and clinical aspects].

Reflux gastritis is a controversial topic. On the basis of clinical, experimental and endoscopic data, most authors regard it as a possible sequel of any operation that abolishes antro-pyloric continence; they treat it by a 50 cm Roux-en-Y-loop. However several recent publications have questioned the very existence of this syndrome. Contrary to initial hopes, quantitation of reflux by 99mTc HIDA cholescintigraphy has not settled this debate. Scintigraphy seems to be of limited value in selecting patients likely to be improved by the surgical correction of reflux. In the future, the environment into which reflux occurs should be investigated more thoroughly.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clipping for prophylactic partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava].

The partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava in the prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism has been used for years in different ways. Over a period of one, and a half year, we put 11 clips of Miles, once for prophylaxis and 10 times after pulmonary embolism. Two patients died during the first 15 postoperative days. Seven patients had a phlebologic control by a Doppler ultrasound, venous plethysmography, isotopic cavography, and grey scale ultrasound. It has been proved that the inferior vena cava was permeable in 6 of the 7 controlled patients. The indications as well as the late results of these operations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resection of metastases to the alimentary tract from malignant melanoma.

Metastases to the celio-mesenteric organs from malignant melanoma are studied retrospectively in 22 autopsied cases and in seven surgically treated patients. Metastatic disease to one or more celio-mesenteric organs was found in 86.3% of postmortem examinations: the liver was the most frequently involved organ, followed by the pancreas, peritoneum, small bowel, biliary tract spleen, colon and stomach, in that order. Surgery only resulted in long-term asymptomatic survival in those patients with a long relapse-free interval and a single metastasis. It is concluded that, apart from cases with intestinal obstruction or massive GI bleeding, resection should be reserved for patients with a relapse-free interval of at least 15 months and with a single "alimentary" metastasis. It is suggested that diagnosis of systemic spread at the asymptomatic stage would improve prognosis of stage IV malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The duodenal diverticulum: an exceptional site of massive bleeding.

Duodenal diverticula are usually asymptomatic but may induce major hemorrhage on rare occasions. When endoscopy cannot determine the cause of bleeding, angiography must be performed. This paper describes a patient in whom angiography identified the diverticulum as the bleeding source, which was an exceptional occurrence, and thereby allowed prompt, appropriate treatment.

Aged↗