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Biomedical subjects

F Nöthiger

Publications and source records attributed to F Nöthiger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Somatic mutations detected by mini- and microsatellite DNA markers reveal clonal intratumor heterogeneity in gastrointestinal cancers.

We investigated clonal intratumor heterogeneity by comparing different areas of each tumor in 20 gastrointestinal cancers from female patients (1 esophageal cancer, 5 stomach cancers, and 14 colorectal cancers). In all 19 cases informative for X-inactivation analysis with the M27 beta and/or the phosphoglycerate kinase probes, the tumors were clonal. Separate areas from a given tumor showed identical X-inactivation patterns, providing evidence for its single-cell origin. Of 20 cancers, 11 showed p53 gene mutations (base pair insertions, point mutations, and one case of a base pair deletion) in exons 5-8. A particular p53 gene mutation was identical in all tumor areas investigated per case. The minisatellite probes detected loss of heterozygosity or new mutant alleles at 1p33, 1q21, 5q35, 17p13, or 18q21. In seven cases mutations at particular loci were restricted to one or two areas per tumor, while in another seven cases they were common to all tumor areas. Loss of heterozygosity or new alleles detected at the microsatellite loci D2S123, D3S1611, D5S107, D17S261, or D18S34 [(CA)n repeats] were common to all tumor areas in 7 of 19 cases. In another seven cases, however, microsatellite mutations at these loci were restricted to one to three areas per tumor. Tracing clonal intratumor heterogeneity would permit one to study the hierarchy of mutational events in cancers where no premalignant lesions can be harvested. Most important, our study indicates that clonal intratumor heterogeneity might lead to sampling errors in the molecular diagnosis of cancer biopsy specimens when using mini- or microsatellite markers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

[Staging and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma].

Three different systems in staging colorectal cancer (TNM3, ACPS, TNM4/Dukes) have been compared in 318 patients treated at some stage of their disease at Berne University Hospital. Simultaneously, the role of some prognostic factors for survival and relapse has been analyzed. The estimated 5 years' survival rate for all patients is 42%. After complete removal of the tumor 49% of patients relapsed. In a multivariate analysis the stage, age above 80 years and the site of the primary tumor have an influence on survival and relapse. Blood transfusions had no effect on either in this analysis. The concordance of the three staging systems is good and the resultant survival curves are similar. TNM3 puts some patients with a bad prognosis into stage I. ACPS classifies patients with residual tumor after surgery with patients with distal metastasis. It has no further advantages over TNM4. TNM4 seems at present to be the best staging system. It incorporates the advantages of the well-known Dukes classification and, with possible refinements, has the qualities to be used as a standard method.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Colorectal carcinoma in persons under 40 years of age].

A retrospective review of 30 patients under 40 years of age with colorectal cancer is described. Sex ratio was almost equal. The presenting symptoms depended on the localisation of the tumor, and the length of the clinical history averaged 18 weeks. No correlation was found between duration of symptoms and prognosis. 26 patients were operated on electively. In 3 patients the tumor was found by chance and one case presented with intestinal obstruction. Left-sided tumor location was found in 73%. Patients with right-sided tumors had a slightly better prognosis (p = NS). Radical surgery was performed in 20 patients (67%). The operative mortality was 0%. Localized cancer was found in 12 patients, and 18 patients had lymph nodes or distant metastasis. 11 patients (37%) have survived 5 years or more. It is concluded that colorectal cancer in patients under 40 differs in no respect from the disease in older patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Extrinsic enteroureteroplasty: a piggyback technique for mid-ureteric replacement.

Replacement of the ureter was performed in 10 piglets using a serosa-lined intestinal tube. It was constructed by plication of the intestine and closing it at the antemesenteric border. The tube was then interposed to bridge a ureteral defect of variable length (4-6 cm). Information from IVU and macroscopic and microscopic results showed that the function of the interposed segments was achieved in all cases, however, with significant stenosis in the absence of adequate postoperative splinting in 5 cases, and neomucosa - similar to uroepithelium in the beginning and a complete urothelium after 3 months - covered the interpositioned tube.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Development of small intestinal neomucosa].

Under certain conditions epithelium grows on the peritoneal surface. By folding the colon of the rat the authors constructed a seromuscular tunnel of which the two ends were sutured to the transsected ileum, making normal small bowel passage possible. 6-12 weeks after the operation a pouch was found on which a one-layer cylindric epithelium had developed showing evidence of disaccharidase activity. Clinically the model could be used to enlarge the mucosal surface of the remaining small bowel following extensive resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Stomach cancer. Spontaneous course, therapy and prognosis].

The incidence of gastric cancer in Switzerland has decreased remarkable in the last fifty years and now constitutes 4% of all newly diagnosed neoplasms. Nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this tumor. The pathology, natural history and the staging of stomach cancer are reviewed, with special emphasis on early gastric cancer. Radiological and gastroscopic diagnosis is correct in almost all cases. Surgery remains as it was 100 years ago when Billroth performed the first gastrectomy, the only curative treatment. In the last few years combination chemotherapy for gastric cancer has been markedly improved, and with modern cytostatic regimens objective tumor responses are achieved in one third to half of patients. The value of adjuvant chemotherapy in radically resected patients remains to be proven. The poor prognosis of gastric cancer can be improved by early diagnosis, better understanding of the pathogenesis of this tumor, elimination of carcinogens from our food and incorporation of effective systemic treatment in the primary treatment plan for stomach cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Colorectal cancer. Progress and unsolved problems].

This review deals with colorectal carcinoma, the most frequent malignant tumor in western countries aside from skin cancer. Epidemiologic data confirm the crucial role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of these tumors. The pathology and natural history of colorectal cancers are reviewed. Screening programs have yielded encouraging first results. In recent years surgery of rectal cancer has been improved by the introduction of a new stapling device permitting more sphincter-saving operations. Pre- and postoperative radiotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery are important elements in the primary management of rectal carcinoma. Radiotherapy is often effective in palliating pain, bleeding, and mucous discharge. Chemotherapy of colorectal cancer is still unsatisfactory. The prospects for adjuvant chemotherapy are discussed. The often dismal outlook for patients with colorectal cancer will be more promising if etiological factors can be eliminated, early diagnosis improved and chemotherapy ameliorated.

Colonic Neoplasms↗