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Biomedical subjects

F R Venezio

Publications and source records attributed to F R Venezio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Microbiologic considerations in the treatment of serious pelvic infections in women.

Antibiotic therapy in the woman with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may often be empiric. Thus, an understanding of the microbiology of the female genital tract is important in the informed selection of therapy for PID. Chlamydia trachomatis plays an important role in PID, and tetracycline and erythromycins are the agents most active against those infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is also an important pathogen in PID, particularly in a lower socioeconomic, urban setting. The treatment regimens currently recommended for penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae are spectinomycin and a broad-spectrum cephalosporin. Other bacterial flora of the female genital tract, including the facultative enteric bacilli, gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes, play an important pathogenic role in PID. Among the broad-spectrum cephalosporins, ceftizoxime has been shown to possess greater activity against isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group and enteric bacilli than do the related agents, cefoxitin and cefotetan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Activity of newer beta-lactam agents against clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species.

The in vitro activities of beta-lactam antibiotics against Bacteroides fragilis and B. fragilis group isolates are presented. Clinical isolates from 1986 were compared with strains from 1979 to 1982. Imipenem, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and ceftizoxime were the most active agents. Cefotetan was equivalent to cefoxitin against B. fragilis but less active against B. fragilis group isolates. Enhancement of cefotaxime by its desacetyl metabolite was minimal.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Reevaluation of an experimental streptococcal canine brain abscess model.

An experimental cerebral abscess model in which alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were inoculated into the brain parenchyma of dogs was evaluated for assessment of antimicrobial therapy. Intracerebral ring-enhancing lesions were visualized by computerized tomography, but they resolved after time without therapeutic intervention. Histopathological study demonstrated evolution of the lesions into sterile granulomas. Quantitative cultures were performed and uniformly became sterile in the early cerebritis stage, approximately 3 days after bacterial inoculation. Therefore, this brain abscess model should not be utilized for the evaluation of new antimicrobial treatment regimens. Rather, other models which document persistent viable organisms within cerebral abscesses need to be developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of nosocomial aspiration pneumonia and soft-tissue infections in diabetic patients.

Nosocomial aspiration pneumonia and infections of soft tissue are most often caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. Single-agent therapy with a beta-lactam antibiotic is tending to replace combination therapy because it is as effective and less toxic. Important considerations in choosing among the beta-lactam antibiotics include a long pharmacologic half-life, permitting less frequent administration, and cost per gram.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1986

Group G streptococcal endocarditis and bacteremia.

This report describes fifteen recent cases of group G streptococcal bacteremia in patients with acute illnesses. Seven patients had acute endocarditis (47 percent). Four deaths occurred, and four patients had significant clinical complications during prolonged stormy courses. This series indicates a relatively high incidence of infective endocarditis in patients with group G streptococcal bacteremia, which is at variance with recent reports. Group G streptococcal bacteremia (with or without endocarditis) is a serious infection that often follows a hectic course with significant morbidity and mortality. The need for prompt recognition and aggressive treatment of this infection is underscored.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Balanitis caused by group B streptococcus.

The Lancefield group B streptococcus is a cause of serious genitourinary tract infections in peripartum women. However, it rarely has been implicated as a pathogen in genital infections of male subjects. We report severe recurrent balanitis owing to group B streptococcus in a sexually active young man. Group B streptococcus was cultured from the vagina of his asymptomatic consort on 1 occasion. It is postulated that penile cellulitis developed by invasion of group B streptococcus through a traumatic abrasion acquired during sexual intercourse. The preferred antibiotic treatment for balanitis caused by group B streptococcus is penicillin or erythromycin. Prevention of additional episodes may be difficult, since therapy of the female carrier state with antibiotics has not provided long-term eradication of group B streptococcus.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Streptococcus MG-intermedius endocarditis.

Subspeciation of penicillin susceptible alpha-hemolytic streptococci is not routinely performed. However, Streptococcus MG-intermedius is an extremely virulent organism in this strep subgroup and is associated with abscess formation. Our patient, who had endocarditis due to this organism, remained chronically ill despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, and had a perforated aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva with a myocardial abscess that required extensive surgical debridement. Persistent fever in patients with S MG-intermedius endocarditis should warrant further work-up for metastatic or myocardial abscess formation.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Activity of ciprofloxacin against multiply resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and group JK corynebacteria.

The susceptibilities of multiply resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeurginosa to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and several beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics were evaluated. Ciprofloxacin also was compared with methicillin and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and group JK corynebacteria. Ciprofloxacin exhibited the lowest MICs and MBCs for 90% of the isolates among all of the antibiotics tested against P. aeruginosa. In addition, ciprofloxacin exhibited excellent bactericidal activity against the gram-positive organisms. Clinical trials are necessary to confirm the in vitro results and monitor for emergence of resistance.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1985

Bactericidal effects of photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative.

Hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) localizes selectively in malignant and rapidly metabolizing tissues and undergoes a cytotoxic reaction when exposed to light of a specific wavelength. Hpd has been studied extensively with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors but not with regard to bactericidal activity. This investigation assessed the effect of light-activated Hpd on various microorganisms, on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and on the interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria. Light-activated Hpd was 99.9% bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus M-G intermedius, Streptococcus mutans, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptococcus magnus, and Clostridium perfringens, but did not affect Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Candida albicans. Photoactivation of Hpd rendered 98% of polymorphonuclear leukocytes inviable. Combinations of light-activated Hpd and polymorphonuclear leukocytes had a 4-log (99.99%) bactericidal effect on both intra- and extracellular S. aureus. The ability of Hpd to localize in inflammatory tissues may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of abscesses.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

Effects of the newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, and sulindac, on neutrophil adherence.

Administration of corticosteroids, aspirin, or indomethacin induces marked inhibition of adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in vitro. The effects of three newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on PMNL adherence were defined. Adherence of PMNLs after passage through a nylon-wool column was measured in normal volunteers who had ingested a single tablet of 300 mg of ibuprofen, 300 mg of fenoprofen, or 200 mg of sulindac. Adherence was significantly decreased from baseline at 4 hr after ibuprofen or fenoprofen was taken, remained suppressed at 24 hr, and returned to normal at 48 hr. Sulindac mildly inhibited PMNL adherence 48 hr after drug ingestion. Inhibition of adherence with ibuprofen and fenoprofen also occurred after incubation of control PMNLs with plasma specimens from volunteers 4 and 24 hr after drug administration, a result suggesting a partially plasma-mediated factor. Zymosan-induced augmented adherence was also inhibited by pretreatment in vitro with ibuprofen at a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml and fenoprofen at 50 micrograms/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mucormycosis after open fracture injury.

An 18-year-old woman (a former intravenous drug abuser) sustained open tibial plateau and shaft fractures, followed by cellulitis and a wound infection caused by a Rhizopus species, which is a fungus of the class Mucorales. The patient responded to surgical debridement and a prolonged course of amphotericin B. No lymphocyte abnormality or other host immune defect could be demonstrated in this patient.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1985

Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vivo.

In vitro incubation of aminoglycoside antibiotics with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has been shown to induce abnormalities in cell function. This study was designed to determine whether there are similar abnormalities in leukocyte function after exposure to the action of these agents in vivo. Four aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, and amikacin) were tested. In vitro incubation did not induce a chemotactic defect when measured by an under-agarose method. However, inhibition of candidacidal activity was reproducible after in vitro incubation of all aminoglycosides tested. Nevertheless, when the aminoglycosides were administered intravenously to normal volunteers, PMN function, including adherence to nylon wool columns, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing of Candida albicans, was unimpaired at 1, 3, and 24 h postinfusion. Therefore, we conclude that aminoglycoside antibiotic administration does not induce PMN dysfunction in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro activity of lomefloxacin against multiply resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Lomefloxacin is a promising new difluorinated quinolone with good antimicrobial activity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. The in vitro activity of lomefloxacin was compared to other quinolones, expanded spectrum beta-lactams, and gentamicin. The lomefloxacin MIC90 against multiply resistant strains of P. aeruginosa was 4 mcg/ml, comparable to norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Lomefloxacin was also active against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis and JK corynebacteria. The role of lomefloxacin in the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant organisms remains to be determined in clinical trials.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients receiving quinolones and cyclosporine after heart transplantation.

Six patients required fluorinated quinolone therapy for a variety of infections after heart transplantation. In contrast to findings in a previous report, none of the patients showed any evidence of nephrotoxicity or required a significant change in cyclosporine dose during the treatment period.

Bacterial Infections↗