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Biomedical subjects

F S Vogel

Publications and source records attributed to F S Vogel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The limbic system in Alzheimer's disease. A neuropathologic investigation.

The morphologic alterations of Alzheimer's disease, presenile and senile dementia, have conventionally been associated with the cerebral cortex; however, it is clear that other areas of the brain, notably the hippocampus and amygdala, are involved as well. These structures, together with others such as the fornix, cingulate gyrus, septal nuclei, and mamillary bodies, constitute the limbic system, which has been recognized as the anatomic substrate of memory, emotion, and learning. Disturbances in these modalities are central to the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease; therefore, the limbic system was studied in its entirety in 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease and in 3 elderly individuals with Down's syndrome, in whom identical morphologic lesions were present. The findings disclose that the limbic system is regularly involved in Alzheimer's disease, to a severe degree and in a distinctively patterned distribution.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

The induction of intractranial neoplasms by the inoculation of avian sarcoma virus in perinatal and adult rats.

The induction of intracranial neoplasms following the intracerebral inoculation of avian sarcoma virus (ASV) in neonatal mammals is well established. The present study demonstrates the susceptibility of adult rats and compares the incidence and morphology of tumors induced by a uniform inoculum of the Bratislava-77 strain of ASV in adult, neonatal, and fetal Fischer 344 rats. Post-inoculation mortality varied significantly between groups inoculated at 1, 10 and 100 days and was most precipitous in perinatally inoculated rats. Percentage of tumor induction declined from 100% among rats inoculated at 1 day of age to 50% among rats inoculated at 100 days of age. The mean number of tumors/animal was inversely proportional to the logarithm of the age at inoculation. A large majority of tumors in each group were glial; the remainder were mesenchymal and mixed glial and mesenchymal. Neuroglial tumors included: mixed gliomas with oligodendroglial and astrocytic elements; and gemistocytic, pilocytic, fibrillary, anaplastic and protoplasmic astrocytomas. Tumors induced in perinates were more heterogeneous in histological pattern while tumors induced in perinates were more heterogeneous in histological pattern while tumors induced in older animals tended to be purely astrocytic and of uniform cell type. Mesenchymal tumors occurred primarily in the meninges and were common among animals inoculated perinatally but were rare among animals inoculated as adults. No neuronal tumors were encountered even among rats inoculated as early as 16 days of gestation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: VI. launch, flight, and recovery.

The final phase to fly five pocket mice in the Apollo XVII command module was carried out at the NASA Kennedy Space Center. Upon completion of the 13-d space flight, the package was removed from the spacecraft and, after having been purged with an oxygen-helium gas mixture, was flown to American Samo. Four of the five mice were recovered alive from the package. Analysis of the mouse that died during the flight revealed several factors that could have contributed to its death, the chief of which was massive hemorrhage in its middle ear cavities.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVIII: VII: results of scalp examination.

The scalps of the four pocket mice that were recovered alive from the Apollo XVII flight contained acute focal lesions in the epidermis and an inflammatory reaction in the subjacent dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Hair follicles were focally damaged in three of the four mice. There were 13 scalp lesions singled out in the four flight mice because of histological features that distinguished them from changes observed in the scalps of the control mice. There was only one possible coincidence between a lesion and the trajectory of a cosmic ray particle registered in a subscalp dosimeter. There is, however, a possibility that at least some lesions were produced by unregistered particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: IX Results of examination of the nasal mucosa.

The olfactory epithelium, but not the nasal respiratory epithelium, of the four pocket mice (Perognathus longimembris) that survived their flight on Apollo XVII showed both diffuse alterations and numerous disseminated focal lesions. The olfactory mucosa of the mouse that died during flight was also affected, but to a minor degree insofar as could be determined. All this was in contrast to the normal appearance of the olfactory mucosa of the numerous control animals. A number of possible causes were considered: systemic or regional infection; inhaled particulate material (seed dust); by-products from the KO2 bed in aerosol or particulate form; gas contaminants originating in the flight package; volatile substances from the dead mouse; weightlessness; and cosmic ray particle radiation. Where feasible, studies were conducted in an effort to rule in or rule out some of these potentially causative factors. No definitive conclusions were reached as to the cause of the lesions in the flight mice.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: X. Results of ear examination.

In the five pocket mice flown on Apollo XVII, no evidence was found that the inner ear had been damaged, though poor fixation precluded detailed study. On the other hand, the middle ear cavity was involved in all the mice, hemorrhage having occurrred in response to excursions in pressure within the canister that housed the mice during their flight. The same occurred in flight control mice which had been subjected to pressure excursions of much the same magnitude. A greater degree of exudation into air cells and greater leukotaxis were noted in the flight animals than in the control animals. There was no increase in leukocyte population along the paths of the 23 cosmic ray particles registered in the subscalp dosimeters that traversed the middle ear cavities of the flight mice. The increased exudation and the greater response by leukocytes in the flight mice may have been causally related to the lesions found in their olfactory mucosa but there were no data in support of this possibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: XII. Results of examination of the calvarium, brain, and meninges.

Tissue reactions were found around the monitor (dosimeter) assemblies that had been implanted beneath the scalp of the five pocket mice that flew on Apollo XVII. Mitosis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation was considerably reduced in comparison with that in control animals. Otherwise the brain tissue as well as the menings in the flight animals appeared unaltered. Since the animals were exposed primarily to high Z-high energy (HZE) cosmic ray particles at the lower end of the high LET spectrum, the lack of changes in the brain cannot be taken as evidence that the brain will suffer no damage from the heavier HZE particles on prolonged manned missions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Concerning the role of mitochondria in cryptobiosis.

The metabolic characteristics of the mitochondria of Agaricus bisporus are altered in the zygote by specific inhibitors that permit them to retain structural integrity in the dormant spore and enable them to initiate energy production, with apparent protein synthesis and replication during the initial phase of germination. The insensitivity of the earliest events of germination to selective cytoplasmic and nuclear inhibitors characterizes this as a transient period of unusual mitochondrial autonomy. To define the intrinsic metabolic potentials of the organelle and its role in cryptobiosis, mitochondria were fractionated aseptically from presporulating zygotes and were placed in dialysis chambers surrounded by nutrient media at 15 C. For periods through 48 hours, the isolated mitochondria manifested the capacity to incorporate labeled amino acids linearly into proteins and retained stable electrophoretic protein profiles for more than 5 days. They maintained fine structural integrity for at least 10 days, some developed septational membranes, and they increased numerically. These metabolic activities were dependent upon a nutrient substrate.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Cytostatic, cytocidal and potential antitumor properties of a class of quinoid compounds, initiators of the dormant state in the spores of Agaricus bisporus.

Evidence indicates that dormancy is initiated in the spores of Agaricus bisporus by two quinoid compounds that appear in the zygote during the prodromal period of sporulation. Both are derivatives of a phenol, gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene. When purified, these quinoids specifically inhibit mitochondrial respiratory enzymes and protein synthesis in the mushroom and have comparable effects with rat liver mitochondria and ribosomes, with intact bacteria, and with bacterial ribosomes and RNA polymerase in vitro. Five species of mouse ascites tumor cells showed prompt and marked inhibitions of nucleic acid and protein synthesis when millimolar concentrations of these quinoids were added to the tissue culture medium of the tumor cells. Only a small percentage of the cells was killed immediately, as judged by trypan blue uptake. When large numbers of exposed BP8 sarcoma and EL4 leukemic cells were reinjected intraperitoneally into histocompatible mice, the survival times of these animals were notably prolonged beyond those of animals injected with tumor cells that had not been exposed to these inhibitors. In a dose-dependent manner, increasing concentrations of inhibitors produced proportionate increments in survival time, while higher concentrations totally abolished tumor cell growth. The findings indicate that these simple quinoid compounds, which initiate the dormant state in spores, produce a cytostatic state in mammalian tumor cells and thus potentially have strong antitumor properties (Am J Pathol 78:33-48, 1975).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

The effects of cosmic particle radiation on pocket mice aboard Apollo XVII: appendix III. evaluation of viscera and other tissues.

Histopathological findings in the lungs, livers, bone marrows, small intestines, gonads, kidneys, and other tissues of the four pocket mice (Perognathus longimembris) that survived the Apollo XVII flight were evaluated in the light of their immediate environment and as targest of HZE cosmic ray particles. Results of this study failed to disclose changes that could be ascribed to the HZE particle radiation. Decreased numbers of erythropoietic cells in the bone marrow of the flight mice were probably related to the increased oxygen pressure. The small intestine showed no changes. Ovaries and tests appeared normal. Two of the three surviving male flight mice displayed early stages of spermatogenesis, just as ground-based controls did at the same season. Abnormalities were also not found in the thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, or kidneys. The status of the juxtaglomerular apparatus could not be evaluated. The lungs exhibited nonspecific slight rections. A variety of incidental lesions were noted in the livers of both the flight mice and their controls. The heart muscle showed nothing that could be regarded as pathological. Sections of skeletal muscle examined were free from significant change.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1974

Bacteriocidal properties of a class of quinoid compounds related to sporulation in the mushroom, Agaricus bisporus.

A small phenolic compound, gamma-L-glutamyl-4-hydroxybenzene, and several quinoid derivatives appear in the gill tissues of the mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, during the prodromal period of sporulation. These quinoids markedly inhibit respiratory enzymes and protein synthesis. The temporal relationship of their appearance to sporulaton and their properties as metabolic inhibitors indicate that they initiate and maintain the dormant or cryptobiotic state of the spore. In very low concentrations, these quinoids show significant bacteriocidal action against a variety of microorganisms. The therapeutic potential of these antibiotic properties is considered.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1973

The development of the pathologic changes of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia in patients with Down's syndrome.

Senile plaques, neurofibrillary change and granulovacuolar degeneration characterize Alzheimer's disease (presenile dementia) and senile dementia and are also seen in the aged human brain. The development of these lesions was studied in 13 patients with Down's syndrome, ages 12 to 65, with the purpose of defining similarities and dissimilarities, if any, between their morphologies in these four conditions. Evaluation by light and, when applied, electron microscopy established apparent identities. The findings suggest that Down's syndrome, with its partially characterized genotypic and phenotypic abnormalities, is an appropriate model for the study of the pathogenesis of these lesions.

Adolescent↗