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Biomedical subjects

F Scheler

Publications and source records attributed to F Scheler.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Capabilities of the Redy cartridge for regeneration of hemofiltrate.

Capabilities of the Redy cartridge for hemofiltrate regeneration were tested. Electrolytes, creatinine, BUN, uric acid, acid-base, glucose, heparin, fluoride and amino acids were measured in the cartridge inflow and outflow (V = 70 ml/min) over a four-hour period. There was complete adsorption of potassium, calcium, magnesium, creatinine, BUN, uric acid, phosphate and heparin. Sodium ions, hydrogen ions, fluoride ions and possibly other trace elements are released by the cartridge. Amino acid absorption is almost complete if the amino acids are aromatic, have two or more N-atoms or if they have S-atoms. When using hemofiltrate after sorbent regeneration for reinfusion to the patient, one has to consider electrolyte substitution (i.e., K, Ca, Mg), sodium balance, trace element metabolism, acid-base problems, amino-acid profiles and ammonia overload.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal recycling and substitution of haemofiltrate in dogs.

Haemofiltrate was administered into the duodenum of 5 ambulatory dogs through an implanted silastic catheter at a rate of 5-10 ml/min. None of the dogs presented signs of discomfort or suffered from regurgitation or diarrhoea. All 5 dogs had solid stools, enhanced diuresis and no change in body weight over a time period of 8 hours. Filtration rates between 5 and 10 ml/min were obtained in 7 dogs after connecting an Amicon in-line Ultrafilter with an external a.v. shunt. The intestinal recycling rate via the duodenal tube as a rule was 2 ml/min lower than the free flow ultrafiltration. Recirculation of autologous haemofiltrate in 5 uraemic dogs indicated unselective reabsorption of all electrolytes and small molecules. In 5 experiments with intestinal substitution of ultrafiltrate by a potassium-free Ringer's lactate solution, correction of acidosis and decrease in plasma potassium, creatinine and BUN was achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Calcium and phosphate metabolism in hemofiltration (author's transl)].

In 10 patients undergoing hemofiltration treatment acute changes of parameters in the calcium-phosphate metaboism were investigated. Balance studies were also performed in all patients. Control studies were conducted after a 3-month interval in 7 patients. Whereas ionized calcium and 25-HCC remained constant, there was a significant decrease in phosphate, magnesium, fluoride and parathyroid hormone. Corresponding to these results, negative balances could be seen during the course of a hemofiltration treatment: for phosphate a mean value of -593 mg, for magnesium -8.4 mEq and for fluoride -458 microgram. When a calcium content of 3.75 mEq/l was used in the substitution solution, an only slightly positive calcium balance of +1.51 mEq/l (mean value) was found. A significant correlation between calcium and fluid balance was demonstrated by means of 197 filtration treatments of one patient: the calcium balance became negative whenever the fluid loss was greater than 3.86 liters. After a 3-month period no significant changes in the above parameters were found, which indicates, that disturbances in the calcium-phosphate-parathyroid hormone metabolism do not only lie in a reduced renal elimination. Even though our results do not indicate that hemofiltration treatment induces or increases the chances of renal osteodystrophy, the calcium concentration of the substitution solution should be increased to 4.0 mEq/l, in order to guarentee a positive calcium balance even by forced filtration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Profiles in chronic diseases. I. Investigations of steroid profiles in uremia (author's transl)].

Steroid profiles of hemofiltrates of uremic patients contain as main steroids the sulfates of 11beta-hydroxyetiocholanolone, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, 11beta-hydroxyandrosterone and 11-ketoandrosterone. In blood of uremic patients androstenediol is the main steroid of the sulfate fraction, while in blood of healthy persons dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is the main steroid. The gradual decrease of the kidney function is characterized by an increase of 11-oxigenated androstane conjugates in urine.

Androstenediols↗
PubMed1978

[Are clotting disorders a pathogenetic factor in nephrosclerosis and hypertension? (author's transl)].

The clinical course of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in four patients suggests that hypertension may result from it. The morphological changes in the kidney are those of primary malignant nephrosclerosis. Hypercoagulability is thought to be an important pathogenetic factor in the development of the disease. But irreversible renal failure is not, contrary to typical primary malignant nephrosclerosis, an inevitable sequel. Abortive forms with predominant involvement of glomerular vessels have a more favourable prognosis than those forms with additional preglomerular vascular changes, in which a more or less marked impairment of renal function and hypertension persists. These forms are of particular interest because they indicate a renal pathogenetic mechanism of chronic hypertension. The described observations--taken together with those on the pathogenesis of hypertension caused by oral contraceptives--provide a pointer to the importance of clotting disorders in the initiation and development of some forms of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Different responses of active and inactive plasma renin to various stimuli.

1. The response of active and inactive plasma renin to orthostasis and frusemide and to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin was tested in normal human volunteers. 2. Active renin increased by orthostasis and frusemide and decreased by indomethacin. The latter also blunted the increase of active renin after stimuli. 3. Inactive renin was slightly increased by orthostasis, but was not significantly influenced by acute administration of frusemide or inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin. 4. The results show differences in the response of active and inactive renin to stimuli and suppression. Opposite changes of active and inactive renin were not observed in the experimental conditions studied.

Enzyme Activation↗
PubMed1978

Assessment of hormone loss through hemofiltration.

The concentrations of testosterone, cortisone, gastrin, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), somatomedin B, parathyroid hormone (PTH), human growth hormone (HGH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have been determined in the plasma and the ultrafiltrate of five uremic patients undergoing intermittent hemofiltration treatment. There was a considerable loss of gastrin, insulin, GIP, somatomedin B and PTH by hemofiltration treatment. The plasma concentrations, however, did not decrease except for immunoreactive-PTH (IR-PTH) which returned from elevated to normal levels. Cortisone, HGH and TSH concentrations in the ultrafiltrate were below the measureable range. A significant elimination of 11-hydroxylated androstans by hemofiltration may have a positive effect on the disturbed steroid metabolism. Results indicate that hemofiltration does not cause a hormone deficiency syndrome. On the contrary, the loss of degradation products of hormones with disturbing biological activity may be a favorable effect of the hemofiltration treatment.

Cortisone↗
PubMed1978

Clinical experience with continuously monitored fluid balance in automatic hemofiltration.

Automatic fluid balancing, as obtained with the hemofiltration machines from Sartorius (Göttingen, West Germany) and Dialysetechnik (Karlsruhe, West Germany), is accurate enough to replace bed scales, which have been necessary in conventional hemodialysis for patients who are confined to beds. Side effects such as hypotension, nausea and muscle cramps during treatment may be reduced with these new machines, compared to conventional methods, provided that the rate of effective fluid withdrawal does not exceed 0.5 L/hr. In particular, the constant weight loss associated with automatic hemofiltration seems to be well tolerated by the patients with fewer side effects.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1977

[Haemofiltration in the treatment of acute left heart failure in anuric patients (author's transl)].

Eight patients with acute left heart failure refractory to diuretics were treated by haemofiltration. Used conventionally the filtration membranes need a high pressure gradient. But the hollow-fibre kidney use in the last three patients required merely normal arterial venous pressure gradients. During an average heaemofiltration period of four hours 1000-2300 ml of plasma water were obtained. Pulmonary congestion improved in all patients; in five the arterial pressure returned to normal. Spontaneous diuresis was resumed in three. The clinical course was not influenced by haemofiltration in three instances. The advantages of haemofiltration are: reliable control of volume withdrawal, immediate effectiveness, technical simplicity, and absence of side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Biological availability of fluoride after combined administration with vitamin D3 in man (author's transl)].

Six adults ingested 1 mg fluoride, first as NaF in a watery solution and, secondly, in tablet form (D-Fluoretten 1000). Fluoride concentration was almost identical in the two series. After initial values within the normal range concentrations rapidly rose to a maximum (six times normal) reached on average after 30 minutes, followed by an, at first steep then more gradual, fall in concentration over eight hours. The area under the curve was similar in the two series. These results indicate that the biological availability of fluoride is not influenced by vitamin D3 in the adult and, presumably, in the small child as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Arteriovenous haemofiltration: a new and simple method for treatment of over-hydrated patients resistant to diuretics].

Fluid withdrawal in over-hydrated patients resistant to diuretics was obtained by means of a capillary haemofilter, using the arterio-venous pressure gradient for blood perfusion at a rate of 100 ml/min. The ultrafiltration rate was 200-600 ml/h and could be maintained as long as 48 h without changing the haemofilter. This method, which needs no technical investment, is easy and simple to handle for the physician, bears only a very low risk for the patient, and ensures a negative fluid balance even at a mean blood pressure of only 60 mm Hg.

Edema↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical course and pathogenesis of oral contraceptive hypertension (author's transl)].

Oral contraceptives are of pathogenetic importance in hypertension of women aged 26 to 35 years. The hypertensive reaction occurs predominantly in those women who have hereditary predisposition in hypertension or diabetes mellitus, who suffer themselves from diabetes mellitus or who showed toxemia in preceding pregnancies. Experimental studies in rats indicated that oral contraceptive hypertension could be due to vascular lesions, produced by estrogen, and sodium retention, caused by progestogen. Our findings are not in agreement with the proposal that the hypertensive reaction in women is always reversible. It would be of advantage if oral contraceptives could be used, which contain no estrogen or at least estrogen in the lowest possible dose and which comprise progestogens without sodium-retaining effect.

Adult↗