Biomedical subjects

F Staudt

Publications and source records attributed to F Staudt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Fatal intracerebral gas gangrene in a 10-month-old child].

Today, intracerebral infections by gas forming bacteria are very rare. They are mostly seen after penetrating injuries and more rarely after trivial trauma. Although prognosis of this kind of infection is severe, the general outcome of these patients after surgical and antibiotic treatment is good. We report a ten months old boy suffering a pecking injury just above the left ear with perforation of the temporal bone and dura. In between 48 hrs he developed a rapidly progressive gas gangrene encephalitis due to infection with C. perfringens and died despite of surgical and antibiotic treatment due to massive brain swelling and cardio-pulmonary failure.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Classification of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants].

The most common classification of intracranial haemorrhage in premature infants into four degrees of severity is based on the results of CT-scans. However, this classification does not adequately account for some pathophysiological and morphological changes. For this reason, the paediatric section of DEGUM developed a new method of classification. This classification distinguishes more precisely between the bleeding itself and secondary changes, such as posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilation, which were excluded from the revised classification. The new system contains three levels: Grade I: subependymal haemorrhage, grade II: intraventricular haemorrhages taking up < 50% of the ventricular volume, grade III: intraventricular haemorrhages of > 50% of ventricular volume. Areas of increased echo levels within the brain tissue (formerly grade IV) which are caused by haemorrhagic infarction are now taken as a separate entity. The morphological description lists the side and the location of the haemorrhagic infarction as well as its size, which is classified into 'small' (< or = 1 cm in diameter), 'medium' (1 < or = 2 cm) and large (> 2 cm). Bleeding into the basal ganglia, cerebellum and brainstem are separate entities. In post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilation the distinction is made between self-limiting transient dilation and hydrocephalus requiring treatment.

Cerebral Infarction↗

PubMed1994

MRI assessment of myelination: an age standardization.

777 cerebral MRI examinations of children aged 3 days to 14 years were staged for myelination to establish an age standardization. Staging was performed using a system proposed in a previous paper, separately ranking 10 different regions of the brain. Interpretation of the results led to the identification of four clinical diagnoses that are frequently associated with delays in myelination: West syndrome, cerebral palsy, developmental retardation, and congenital anomalies. In addition, it was found that assessment of myelination in children with head injuries was not practical as alterations in MRI signal can simulate earlier stages of myelination. Age limits were therefore calculated from the case material after excluding all children with these conditions. When simplifications of the definition of the stages are applied, these age limits for the various stages of myelination of each of the 10 regions of the brain make the staging system applicable for routine assessment of myelination.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Delayed myelination in children with West syndrome: an MRI-study.

Eighteen children with West syndrome underwent MRI-examination of the brain. Five children were examined twice. Myelination of ten regions of the brain was retrospectively assessed on the MRI-examinations. The children could be divided in three groups of main diagnosis (cryptogenic West syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, pre-/perinatally acquired brain lesions). Delays in myelination were found in 17 out of a total of 23 examinations. In children with cryptogenic West syndrome and with tuberous sclerosis myelination was normal or only mildly delayed in the first month after onset of the spasms, but delays seemed to increase in the course of the West syndrome in these groups. In children with pre- or perinatally acquired brain lesions severe delays of myelination could be found already in the first weeks after the onset of the West syndrome. The assessment of myelination can therefore contribute to the diagnosis and understanding of the underlying disease in children with West syndrome.

Age of Onset↗

PubMed1993

Myelination of the brain in MRI: a staging system.

In a retrospective study 516 cranial MRI examinations of children aged 1 month to 14 years were re-evaluated for myelination. An objective staging system for the assessment of the degree of myelination was designed, based on the characteristic patterns of myelin-typical signal which develop in the course of brain maturation. Thus myelination can be estimated using only routine MRI examinations; no additional measurements of signal intensities are necessary. In order to obtain detailed information, ten regions of the brain are ranked separately, with comparisons of the T1- and T2-weighted images for each region. The application of the staging system to the case material revealed typical age ranges for the stages, and retarded myelination in some children. In most cases the observed retardation affected several regions but never the whole brain. Such delays can only be detected by separate assessment of the degree of myelination in each region of the brain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Diphtheria in an infant].

A seven week old infant developed pharyngeal diphtheria. The child quickly deteriorated with severe dyspnea and bradycardia. These symptoms made endotracheal intubation necessary. The pharynx and the larynx were covered with pseudomembranes. At the fourth day of hospital stay antitoxin has been administrated. At first the condition of the child became much better. Then progredient paralysis of the diaphragm occurred and led again to intubation. The neurologic complications resolved completely. Diphtheria--above all in an infant--is a rare disease. Our report shows, that it has to be kept in mind to react adequately if necessary. The source of the infection seemed to be visitors from India or Russia. Therefore Diphtheria generally has to be regarded as an "imported disease".

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1992

[Extrapyramidal movement disorders after "Isostar Cocktail"].

Two children developed extrapyramidal symptoms after taking an electrolyte drink. There was a good response to Biperidon (Akineton). Only exact investigations showed that both children had accidentally been poisoned by a neuroleptic drug which was added to the electrolyte mixture.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Thrombocytopenia-induced parenchyma hemorrhage in a newborn infant. A contribution to the etiology of so-called arachnoid cysts].

We report on a newborn baby with thrombocytopenia who developed neonatal seizures caused by a temporal lobe hemorrhage as shown by cerebral ultrasonography. This hemorrhage was followed by a cyst isodense to intracerebral fluid. Differential diagnostic aspects concerning the etiology of arachnoideal cysts will be discussed in relation to the post-hemorrhagic course and the sonographic or the magnetic resonance tomography findings respectively.

Arachnoid Cysts↗

PubMed1990

[The prognosis of convulsions in the newborn--the place of EEG in comparison with echoencephalography].

The routine-EEG in premature and term infants with cerebral seizures and its additional information are discussed in comparison to clinical and morphological findings. The clinical, electroencephalographic and echoencephalographic data to all 29 neonates that were treated during a four years period are presented. Three of those infants died, eight of them showed pathological results during developmental and neurological follow-up. EEG's were performed during or short by after seizures. A correlation could be shown between poor prognosis and suppression of background activity consisting in inactivity, burst-suppression pattern or moderate suppression. By contrast a normal or mildly suppressed EEG correlated with good longterm prognosis. Paroxysmal discharges in the EEG were helpful in diagnosing seizures and also for prognosis of cerebral convulsions later on. The echoencephalographic findings especially mild intracranial hemorrhages and increased periventricular echogenicity had less prognostic value. The echoencephalographic follow-up showed ventricular dilatation (e vacuo) in children who later on had developmental and neurological impairment. For assessment of prognosis in premature and term babies with cerebral seizures imaging procedures (echoencephalography and CT-scan) as well as electroencephalography are of mutual importance.

Echoencephalography↗

PubMed1988

[Herpes encephalitis in infancy].

Since antiviral chemotherapy is available herpes encephalitis has become of great importance among viral affections of the central nervous system. Five young infants are presented with special problems of this disease and its diagnostic possibilities especially serological and imaging methods (CT scan, nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, ultrasonography of the brain) as well as electroencephalography. Clinical symptoms are very important since all those methods are not sufficient for early diagnosis and prompt onset of antiviral chemotherapy. Herpes encephalitis should be considered after apparent febrile seizures with focal symptoms as well as increasing disturbance of consciousness as manifestation of acute encephalopathy.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1987

[Astrocytoma in a premature twin].

In a premature twin boy (gestational age 34 weeks) two-dimensional echoencephalography, computed tomography, and NMR tomography revealed a brain tumor. The exact diagnosis was confirmed by stereotactic biopsy from the brain. Up to now the clinical course of the child has been surprisingly benign.

Astrocytoma↗

PubMed1985

[Herpes simplex encephalitis in the newborn infant--a review].

Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis is a rare, but very threatening disease which leads to death or to severe cerebral damage with only a few exceptions. In the past few years antiviral agents have become available which have proved to influence the course of the disease in a positive manner. Therefore the problem is a challenge for neonatologists and pediatric neurologists. The virologic and epidemiologic aspects of neonatal herpes encephalitis and its prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities are reviewed. The efficacy of virustatic therapy is related to the onset of therapy which should be started as soon as possible. The typical EEG- and CT-changes are due to an already advanced stage of the disease. Virologic examinations in the first days are of limited value. Brain biopsy should not be performed in this age group. Therefore the indication to start antiviral chemotherapy depends exclusively on the clinical picture.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1984

[Phenobarbital in newborn infants. Overview].

Over the past years the use of phenobarbital in so called "brain orientated neonatal intensive care" has gradually become established. It is the recommended drug for the treatment of seizures in term neonates. It also should be given to neonates who are being treated with curare like muscle relaxants and whose EEG may show paroxysmal activity. It is recommended to administer phenobarbital before curare is given. This may result in more effective mechanical ventilation. Seizures occurring in the premature baby can hardly be influenced. The prophylactic treatment of premature infants to avoid intraventricular haemorrhage is controversial. It is, however, generally accepted that full term babies with neonatal asphyxia should receive phenobarbital. Bacterial meningitis is also an indication for its use in a similar manner. A loading dose of 15-20 mg/kg body weight given intravenously is recommended. The plasma concentration of phenobarbital will usually reach therapeutic levels (15-30 micrograms/ml) within a few minutes of the injection and will hardly change during the following 48 hours. No other anticonvulsant drug should be used until the phenobarbital plasma level exceeds 40 micrograms/ml. As maintenance therapy a dose of 3-4 mg/kg/day is recommended. Due to the long plasma half-life (69-165 h) accumulation of the drug may be possible. It can be avoided if the dose does not exceed 5 mg/kg/day. The duration of therapy depends on the condition of the baby. In general early discontinuation after 1-2 weeks should be possible.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗

PubMed1983

[Rhythmic alpha activity in the EEG of premature and newborn infants].

The EEG of the newborn consists of a mixed activity which varies from 1 to 22/s. Waves in the alpha band may occur, but they indicate cerebral dysfunction if they are seen in a rhythmic uninterrupted sequence. Eight newborns who showed rhythmic alpha activity in their EEG are included in our study. This activity occurred together with rhythmic theta waves or was followed by them as part of ongoing electrographic seizure activity. All newborns studied were very sick. Three suffered from severe perinatal asphyxia with persistent fetal circulation; in addition one of them had bacterial meningitis. Two infants suffered from herpes encephalitis. In those cases the rhythmic alpha activity temporarily showed a certain periodicity. This EEG pattern was also seen in a small for gestational age premature infant who had septicemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage and in two extremely premature babies with intraventricular hemorrhage. Four infants were curarized. All of the others also had clinically observed seizures. Rhythmic alpha-activity in the neonatal EEG represents an electrical seizure discharge. It may also occur in premature infants who suffer from intraventricular hemorrhage. Obviously it does not have a diagnostic value. The prognostic value depends upon the underlying disease and the grade of background suppression in the EEG. Anticonvulsant therapy should be administered early using a sufficient dosage.

Alpha Rhythm↗

PubMed1983

[Ultrasonic diagnosis in children with mesenteric cysts].

Two cases of Mesenteric Cysts in infancy are described. Since there is no continuity with the lumen of the bowel radiological evaluation may be very difficult. In contrast abdominal sonography can give information about size, contents and position in relation to other abdominal organs. The use of ultrasound shortens the preoperative workup and certainly reduces the number of X-ray examinations.

Female↗

PubMed1983

[Juvenile diabetes mellitus with optic atrophy and labyrinthine deafness. An autosomal-recessive inherited syndrome].

A now 12 year old boy developed diabetes mellitus when he was 7 years old. From 9 years on he developed progressive optic atrophy and deafness. Type I diabetes mellitus, together with progressive optic atrophy and several other symptoms like deafness, diabetes insipidus and ectasy of urinary tract are known for more than 40 years as autosomal-recessively inherited conditions. Therefore, in case of diabetes mellitus combined with optic atrophy it is necessary to search for further symptoms, developing during the course of the disease. Genetic counselling to the families is mandatory.

Child↗

PubMed1983

[Sonographic detection of post-meningitis subdural effusion].

Subdural effusions in childhood are most often seen during the first year of life. In this age group two-dimensional echoencephalography gives excellent images of the brain due to the open fontanelle and the relatively low mineralisation of the cranium. The sonographic findings of two infants with postmeningeal subdural effusions are demonstrated and compared with CT-scan results. The sector-scan is much more useful than the linear-array. Computerized tomography remains necessary but it should be possible to reduce the number of examinations.

Echoencephalography↗

PubMed1982

["Fever convulsions" in children. Current viewpoints on diagnosis, therapy and prognosis].

A Consensus Development Conference on Febrile Seizures was held at the National Institutes of Health in USA in May 1980. The purpose of this paper is to present the consensus statement in German and to compare it with the literature. This should be helpful to make accessible the current knowledge about febrile seizures to a larger number of physicians. Special attention has been paid to the consequences of febrile seizures, the diagnostic procedures needed and the risks and benefits of therapy.

Child, Preschool↗