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F Staudt

Publications and source records attributed to F Staudt.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Two-dimensional ultrasonic examination of the cerebral ventricles (parallel-scan) in newborns and infants (author's transl)].

Computer tomography of the head is now firmly established as an examination procedure in pediatric radiology. It is non-invasive, but on the other hand time-consuming and above all costly. Repeated follow-ups represent a level of radiation exposure which should not be underestimated. Two-dimensional sonography (B-scan) has extended the range of possibilities in intracranial diagnostics in neonates and infants, especially since the large fontanelle and the still-open cranial sutures were recognized as "acoustic windows". Five cases are presented, which show that the cranial cavity can be demonstrated reliably and reproducibly, in particular the lateral ventricles. Determining vascular pulsations (real-time) aids orientation and permits conclusions to be drawn regarding the intracranial circulation. Follow-ups can be carried out simply, without submitting the child to exposure stress, and permitting early identification of a developing hydrocephalus. The examination can be performed with standard commercially available parallel-scan units, such as are already used in many clinics for abdominal diagnosis.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1982

[Reconstruction in coronal and sagittal planes of CT scans compared with two-dimensional echo-encephalography in neonates and infants (author's transl)].

Two-dimensional echo-encephalography using the fontanelle and open sutures as an "acoustic window" for the skull has offered a new possibility of investigating at least in part the morphological conditions inside the skull. We considered it necessary to examine the value of these new methods by checking the sonographic findings by means of cranial CT. The possibility of modern data processing when employing CT enables the visualisation of the coronal and sagittal planes which can be covered by echo-encephalography. Since it involves low stress for the patient and since it is a practicable method, two-dimensional echo-encephalography is very suitable for screening and for checking on the status of the patient. Since CT can visualise the overall situation inside the skull with greater accuracy, it remains indispensable as a basic examination method, depending on the overall clinical signs and symptoms.

Cranial Sutures↗
PubMed1982

Phenobarbital therapy in neonatal seizures and the prognostic value of the EEG.

High plasma levels of phenobarbital are known to produce profound effects on the EEG background activity. Phenobarbital therapy frequently is administered to the neonate with seizures prior to the first EEG recording. Therefore, it is questionable whether in these neonates alterations of the EEG background activity are related to anticonvulsive therapy. A total of 26 neonates with seizures had an EEG while on phenobarbital therapy. In five cases an EEG was available prior to this treatment. Suppression of the background activity in the EEG was seen in 17 neonates of whom two had an inactive tracing and three a burst-suppression pattern. Moderate suppression occurred in five infants, mild suppression is seven infants. The suppression of the background activity correlated with the clinical outcome. The phenobarbital plasma levels in the group with severe or moderate suppression, mild suppression and normal background activity did not show statistically significant differences. Thus, the suppression of the EEG background activity in neonates with phenobarbital plasma levels of 1.3 to 5.9 mg/dl are secondary to brain pathology rather than medication.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1982

[EEG in newborn infants with intracranial hemorrhages: a comparison with clinical findings and CT scan].

This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of the EEG in neonates with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and to correlate the EEG with clinical findings and the CT-scan. Thirty-eight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had EEG examinations. Repetitive sharp waves were present in IVH (48%) and also seen in SAH (33%). They did not differentiate between IVH and SAH, nor were they related to the grade of IVH. The repetitive character of these wave forms suggest that it may be a type of seizure discharge. The value of the EEG in neonatal ICH lies not in the diagnosis of ICH and its extend. This can be done much better with CT-scan and ultrasound. But the EEG is valuable in the recognition of electrical seizure activity which should lead to early anticonvulsive therapy. Depressed background EEG activity was seen in all non-survivors and in all children with major neurological damage. Normal background activity in spite of seizure discharge was favorable prognostic criterion. The prognosis depends on the gestational age, clinical findings and morphological changes. The EEG reflects the actual cerebral function and can add to a more differentiated prognostic evaluation.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1982

[Phlegmona ("cellulitis") and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis].

Soft tissue inflammation is a rare manifestation of H. influenzae infection. It is known in the anglo-american literature as "cellulitis". Usually there is concomitant bacteremia or septicemia. The combination of cellulitis and meningitis is rare and not well known in German pediatric literature. Three children with facial cellulitis together with H. influenzae meningitis are described. In comparison to the literature some unusual observations were made: Early appearance of cellulitis at the age of six weeks in two infants, cellulitis of the lower extremities at the same time in one, and biphasic course with cellulitis and meningitis secondary to mastoiditis in another infant.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

The usefulness of electroencephalography in curarized newborns.

Curare and other muscle relaxants are being used with increasing frequency in the management of infants who are mechanically ventilated for severe respiratory distress. Neurological evaluation of these paralyzed newborns is difficult and neonatal convulsions may go unrecognized. The present study includes 5 curarized infants in whom neurological impairment was suspected because of complicated pregnancies and perinatal asphyxia. All showed very abnormal EEGs with ongoing paroxysmal activity in the absence of clinical seizures or a severely depressed record. In two of these infants an improvement in the values of the blood-gases coincided with the administration of diazepam. In curarized infants the electroencephalogram is of importance in the evaluation of the background activity, the detection of convulsive brain activity, and in the management of anticonvulsive therapy.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1980

[Streptococcal infection in the newborn (author's transl)].

28 newborn infants, only 3 of which were female, were treated for early-onset streptococcal septicaemia in the years 1970-1978 at the University Children's Hospital, Freiburg. Overall mortality was 60%, that for premature infants 80%. Almost all infants who died developed D.i.C. 60% had X-ray findings consistent with HMD, even among the mature newborns. 90% showed white blood-cell count changes such as Leucocytopenia, Granulocytopenia, rise in percentage of immature granulocytes, Thrombocytopenia. With the help of these signs and using Gram-stain on stomach aspirates early diagnosis and differentiation from HMD seems feasible.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

[Poliomyelitis epidemic in a district of Freiburg i. Br. in autumn 1975 (author's transl)].

In the autumn of 1975 five cases of poliomyelitis occurred within 6 weeks in German children of families of low socioeconomic class. They lived in two districts of Freiburg with close familial and occupational contacts. One child had been immunised against polio once orally several years ago and none of the others were immunised. The clinical course and results of investigations of the environment are reported. Included is the state of immunisation of 472 school beginners in Freiburg schools and the antibody levels of 284 children aged 1 to 10 years from Freiburg and the adjoining areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perinatal herpes simplex infection].

Neonatal herpes is a rare disease which has to be distinguished from herpes simplex virus infection later on in life. Most neonates in whom HSV infection develops have acquired the virus from the maternal genital tract during delivery. Clinical symptoms and prophylactic measures are discussed. Antiviral therapy with acyclovir is the treatment of choice and appears to improve outcome of neonatal herpes. The prognosis depends on early therapy, but the available diagnostic techniques not always allow early detection of the disease. Therefore treatment should be initiated in relation to clinical findings.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seizures in premature and newborn infants under 2,500 grams birth weight].

Seizures in premature babies pose a special problem which occur more often than in term neonates. The data of 156 neonates weighing less than 2 500 grams consecutively admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit during a 6 month period were evaluated. 33 infants (21%), of whom 21 were less than 31 weeks of gestational age suffered from seizures. Almost all of these 33 infants had a very bad outcome. Only 9 of them survived and only 4 showed normal development. In 26 infants a CT or brain autopsy was performed. The outcome was influenced by the presence of intraventricular haemorrhage. But even those preterm neonates without morphological abnormalities of the brain have only a small chance of developing normally in the presence of seizures. The EEG is an important diagnostic tool: Most of the patients showed paroxysmal activity. The background activity of the interictal EEG has prognostic value even in the preterm infant. There is, however, discrepancy between the EEG and the morphological findings. Therefore the EEG has to be seen as functional test which gives important additional information beyond brain imaging methods.

Apgar Score↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differential diagnosis of pediatric hip pain in MR tomography].

The efficiency of spin echo tomography in the differential diagnosis of hip joint pain in children in comparison with other imaging methods was tested in 115 spin echo tomography examinations of 68 patients. By means of the different modes available it was possible to determine joint effusion, necrosed areas and the formation of abscesses with great accuracy. In the case of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease the MRT is especially in the early diagnosis superior to the other Methods, already in the early stage a classification in the four Catterall groups was possible. Furthermore the "head at risk" signs, except the gage-sign, were better to describe by BRI than by conventional x-rays. The MRT allows an exacter staging and a better observation of the course of disease, especially the beginning of the revitalisation of the femora epiphysis in earlier and clearer visible than in other imaging methods. Further diseases like epiphysial dysplasie, specific and unspecific coxitis and slipped capital femora epiphysis were also investigated. We regard spin echo examination in the differential diagnosis of hip pain in children indicated by the following criteria: 1. with over six weeks uncertain differential diagnosis of coxitis fugax and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 2. with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in the early stage for therapy option 3. with TBC- and non-TBC-coxitis as a therapy attend and diagnostic measure.

Adolescent↗