Biomedical subjects

F Tezuka

Publications and source records attributed to F Tezuka.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Primary malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland: a tumor of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

The clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical features of 10 cases of the low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of salivary glands are described. Although the initial histologic diagnosis in nine of these cases was myoepithelial sialadenitis, the diagnosis of primary salivary gland MALT lymphoma was based on the demonstration of light chain restriction and on morphologic characteristics. Histologic study showed a characteristic cytology, which included centrocytoid cells (composed of small centrocytes and monocytoid B cells) and a varying degree of plasma cell differentiation; the occurrence of epithelial or acinar invasion by neoplastic centrocytoid cells; and the presence of reactive lymph follicles among the neoplastic cells. Furthermore, multinucleate giant cells resembling Warthin-Finkeldey cells were detected in seven cases. In the light of these findings, cases previously diagnosed as myoepithelial sialadenitis require careful assessment and nine out of 32 cases are, in reality, examples of primary salivary gland MALT lymphomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin sections revealed the following characteristic immunophenotype of MALT lymphoma: L26, KiB3 and LN2 positive, and a monotypic immunoglobulin pattern (predominantly IgM/kappa). It was of interest that salivary gland parenchyma, infiltrated by neoplastic centrocytoid cells, reacted with LN3 for cells expressing human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) antigens. Whereas salivary gland epithelia devoid of a neoplastic invasion were invariably negative for LN3. This suggests a lymphocyte-mediated role in salivary epithelial HLA-DR expression. It appears that HLA-DR expression is an inducible phenomenon in MALT lymphomas of salivary gland.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Observer variability in endometrial cytology using kappa statistics.

AIMS: To analyse the current state of endometrial cytology practice by determining the interobserver variability in grading the atypicality of endometrial cells using kappa statistics. METHODS: A series of 70 clusters of benign, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrial cells on cytology specimens were examined by 19 experienced Japanese cytopathologists. They assigned each cluster to one of three diagnostic categories according to increasing cellular atypicality: negative for, suspicious of, and positive for malignancy. Each observer used their subjective judgement in grading without receiving any discriminatory criteria. RESULTS: Most classified the series of 70 clusters of endometrial cells into 33 negative, 20 suspicious, and 17 positive grades. However, observer variation was considerable, kappa statistics showing unfavourable overall agreement (kappa = 0.36). Although there was good agreement on negative and positive (kappa = 0.46 and 0.47, respectively), poor reproducibility occurred in grading suspicious ((kappa = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, Japanese cytopathologists are not reliable in grading the atypicality of endometrial cells. This could be attributed mainly to the situation in endometrial cytology practice in which there are no generally accepted criteria for defining cells in which malignancy is suspected.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Development of the human colonic adenocarcinoma from adenoma as a histopathologically continuous process.

The adenocarcinoma sequence of the human colon is usually divided into three separate steps according to the grade of epithelial dysplasia, i.e., adenomas with mild, moderate and severe dysplasia. In an attempt to re-examine whether or not this sequence can be morphologically separable as usually assumed, a total of 192 epithelial lesions including adenomas with various grades of dysplasia were analyzed, relying on morphometrical and multivariate-statistical techniques. Histologic features of epithelial lesions were characterized by 10 quantitative parameters and subjected to 10-variate cluster analysis. In the result of computations, separation of neoplastic lesions into different groups proved to be rather ambiguous, not justifying the classification into three groups as generally expected. It was concluded that adenocarcinoma can develop from adenoma as a seemingly continuous process which may involve more steps than usually assumed.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

[The grading of cellular and structural atypia in cancer and related lesions using multivariate analysis].

In morphologically diagnosing cancer, pathologists' attention is focussed on the presence or absence of atypia, i.e., the form of cells and tissues deviated from the norm, and if it is present, on its grade. However, due to retarded development of techniques for the objective evaluation of its grade, separation of cancer from premalignant lesions still meets great ambiguity. Particularly, the boundaries of "dysplasia" with cancer and noncancerous lesions are not defined in clear morphological terms and are susceptible to a strong between-observers fluctuation. In this paper we outlined our recent efforts to establish in various organs a statistically most adequate, and therefore reproducible, classification of atypical lesions, resorting to morphometry and multivariate analysis. Two examples were given: atypia of the pancreatic duct epithelia as an object for the study of purely cellular abnormalities, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which required also to quantify the atypia of tissue structures, The classifications thus established proved to be the most adequate, in that, they closely reflected the grade of malignancy in a clinical as well as biological sense, as shown by the clear between-categorier differences in oncogene mutation, DNA ploidy pattern, the patients' prognoses, and so on.

Cluster Analysis↗

PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical characterization of basal cell adenomas of the salivary gland.

Seven cases of basal cell adenomas of the salivary gland were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods with a broad panel of routinely used antibodies. Histologically the epithelial elements were classified as tubuloglandular, trabecular and solid patterns. The authors' results indicated the following: 1) The duct lining cells of tubuloglandular and trabecular patterns have distinct epithelial features with cytokeratins (KL 1, PKK 1, *PKK 2 and PKK 3), alpha-one-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and S-100 alpha subunit positivity. 2) The basaloid cells in the trabecular and solid patterns expressed two immunophenotypes: one had actin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein and S-100 beta subunit patterns typical of myoepithelial cells in normal glands. The other basaloid cells had vimentin and S-100 protein patterns. The former cell type could be found in 4 of 7 cases and the latter was found in 7 cases. This represents a minor participation of the myoepithelial cells in the basal cell adenoma. 3) The basement membrane and stromal connective tissue around the neoplastic cells were positive for alpha-one-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT). This antibody is a good marker in identifying the basement membrane-like material.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1991

Quantitative analysis of nuclear distribution pattern differentiating carcinoma from hyperplasia in endometrial cytologic studies.

A method of quantitatively analyzing the distribution pattern (DP) of nuclei was introduced and applied to the differential diagnosis between hyperplasia and carcinoma in endometrial cytology. The DP of nuclei can be defined mathematically by [formula: see text] (DP index), where r is the mean distance between nearest nuclei and n0 the number of nuclei per unit area. The DP index has a limited range of decreasing values from 1.074 to 0.5, indicative of regular to random patterns of nuclear distribution. The estimated DP index (mean +/- standard deviation) was 0.826 +/- 0.029 in 23 normal cases, 0.735 +/- 0.019 in 17 cases of adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia, and 0.636 +/- 0.042 in 18 cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The DP index was significantly different between these three conditions (P less than 0.01). This result indicates that the endometrial epithelial cells lose their normally regular arrangement in the development of neoplastic change, approaching a random arrangement. Quantitative detection of this architectural change with the use of the DP index can facilitate differential diagnosis between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in cytologic specimens of the uterine corpus.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

Iron-binding proteins in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands: an immunohistochemical study.

An immunoperoxidase staining technique was used for detecting three major iron-binding proteins (transferrin, ferritin and lactoferrin) in 54 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) of major and minor salivary glands. Twenty-three normal salivary glands were investigated for comparison. Transferrin staining was detected mainly in the intercalated duct and serous acinar cells, and was found inconsistently in the myoepithelial cells surrounding normal ductules. Ferritin was always absent in the normal epithelial component of salivary gland. The presence of lactoferrin was demonstrated in the serous acinar cells and intercalated duct cells of normal salivary tissues. Five histological patterns were found in ACC, and for the cellular components of each, it was possible to establish a special immunohistochemical profile. Transferrin positivity was detected in the small angular cells of 25 cases (48%), in the duct luminal cells of 19 cases (37%) and in the hyalinized stroma of 4 cases (8%). Ferritin staining was positive in the small angular cells of 23 cases (44%) and in the duct luminal cells of 15 cases (29%). Lactoferrin was detected in only duct luminal cells of 38 ACCs (73%). The comparative immunohistochemical analysis between transferrin and ferritin showed a similar distribution in this carcinoma. On the basis of the immunohistochemical data, lactoferrin might be used as a marker of glandular differentiation.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1991

Histological study of pulmonary vasculature in fatal cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Using our own morphometric technique, we examined pulmonary vasculature in eight neonates who died of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). PPHN was judged to be idiopathic in three neonates and was associated with fatal meconium aspiration in the other five. Two characteristic structural features of PPHN were revealed in this study. First, medial thickening of the normally fully-muscularized pulmonary vessels occurred in the smaller and more peripherally located arteries. Second, fully-muscularized vessels extended as far as the intraacinar arteries, which are normally non-muscular vessels at this age. This structural abnormality appears not to merely represent a failure of the fetal pattern to regress, and it is suggested that PPHN is due to a structural abnormality of the pulmonary microcirculation in fatal cases.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Effects of indomethacin in utero on the pulmonary vasculature of the newborn lambs.

Exposure of the fetus to indomethacin and the resultant closure of the ductus arteriosus in utero has been suggested to be one possible cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). We examined whether or not closing the ductus arteriosus of fetal lambs by the administration of in-domethacin to the fetus and ewe could produce the functional and structural changes of PPHN. Three treated and four non-treated lambs were delivered by cesarean section. Postnatal hemodynamics were studied in two of the treated lambs. Pulmonary arterial pressure gradually decreased after delivery and did not reveal features compatible with PPHN, while the blood gases remained within the physiological range. However, acute hypoxemia produced a re-elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure. Morphometric analysis showed the medial thickening of normally fully-muscularized pulmonary arteries, but there was no abnormal extension of fully-muscularized arteries to the intraacinar level in the treated lambs. In conclusion, we could not reproduce functional and structural changes of PPHN in newborn lambs by the administration of indomethacin in utero. However, our experimental animal model with excessive muscularization of the pulmonary vasculature appears to be useful for studying vasoconstriction in response to hypoxemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Muscle fiber orientation in the development and regression of right ventricular hypertrophy in pigs.

The development and regression of right ventricular hypertrophy was investigated in 12 pigs with special reference to changes in ventricular function and myocardial fiber orientation. Nine ventricles were pressure-loaded by banding the pulmonary artery for 28-81 days, and four of them were then released from the load by removing the band. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) and end-systolic volume index (ESVI) increased significantly during banding and decreased after debanding. End-diastolic volume index (EDVI) and stroke volume index (SVI) showed no significant change during banding and after debanding. The weight of the right ventricle relative to both ventricles (RV/TV) and the thickness of muscle fibers were increased significantly in the loaded ventricles, and reduced again to the control level in ventricles released from the load. The intramyocardial distribution of angles (theta) of inclination of muscle fibers from the transverse plane of the outflow tract was estimated histometrically. There was a significantly larger proporation of circularly oriented fibers (magnitue of theta less than or equal to 30 degrees) in the pressure-loaded ventricles than in the control, whereas these fibers decreased again to the control level after removal of the pressure load. The present findings indicates that 1) the right ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure loading is characterized not only by an increase in ventricular weight and muscle fiber thickness, but also by a change in intramyocardial fiber orientation, and 2) the hypertrophic right ventricle can regress both functionally and morphologically to a normal state after removal of the pressure load.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical investigation of vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland.

Fifty-four adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) arising in major and minor salivary glands as well as in normal salivary glands were studied by immunohistochemistry for the presence of vimentin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT). Five patterns of histological differentiation were found in ACC, and for the cellular components of each, it was possible to establish a special immunohistochemical profile. In ACC, vimentin-positive cells were observed in the outer tubular, cyst-lining and small angular cells. NSE was positive in the myoepithelial cells of normal salivary gland. Neoplastic cells of ACC showed NSE positivity mainly in the small angular cells and partly in the duct luminal cells. alpha 1-ACT was localized in the intercalated duct cells and serous acinar cells of normal salivary gland, and in the duct luminal cells of ACC. alpha 1-AT could not be detected in any of the epithelial cells of normal salivary gland. In ACC, eosinophilic hyaline material in the cribriform spaces was positive for alpha 1-AT, but no positivity was demonstrated in tumor cells. The present study showed that there are at least two populations of tumor cells in ACC: duct luminal cells that express alpha 1-ACT, thus indicating their ductal character, and small angular cells that express vimentin, characteristic of non-luminal cells. Moreover, our results indicate that alpha 1-AT is a useful marker of basement membrane-like material.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the major salivary gland: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 15 cases.

A total of 15 cases of Japanese salivary gland lymphoma was analysed by conventional histology and also by immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin sections. The initial sites included: parotid gland (14 cases, 93%) and submandibular gland (1 case, 7%). The mean age was 59 yr, with a male to female ratio of 2.8:1. The only one patient (Case 9) with clinical evidence of Sjögren's syndrome showed the development of intrasalivary malignant lymphoma. Each lymphoma was classified according to the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage. The Working Formulation grades were 20% low, 67% intermediate, and 13% high. These neoplasms fell into six categories: follicular, small cleaved type (1 case); follicular, mixed small cleaved and large cell type (2 cases); follicular, large cell type (2 cases); diffuse, mixed small and large cell type (1 case); diffuse, large cell type (7 cases); and large cell, immunoblastic type (2 cases). Fifteen tumors were studied using a indirect immunoperoxidase method. A selected antibody panel was used, including B-cell markers (immunoglobulins, Ki-B3, L26), T-cell markers (UCHL-1 and MT1) and histiocytic markers (lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and cathepsin D). Eleven cases reacted with pan-B-marker (Ki-B3 and L26) and eight of them showed the presence of monoclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (C-Ig). Following rigid criteria, monoclonal C-Ig of M kappa was demonstrated in one case of follicular, small cleaved cell type, one follicular, large cell type and two diffuse, large cell type; M lambda was demonstrated in one diffuse, large cell type; and G lambda was demonstrated in one follicular, mixed small cleaved and large cell type, and two diffuse, large cell type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: a demographic and histologic study of 200 cases.

In a demographic and histologic study of 200 intraoral minor salivary gland tumors seen in Japan (Nagasaki and Miyagi prefectures), 127 cases (63.5%) were classified as benign, comprising 124 pleomorphic adenomas and 3 monomorphic adenomas. The other 73 cases (36.5%) were malignant tumors, represented by 33 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 16 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 10 carcinoma in pleomorphic adenomas, 6 acinic cell carcinomas, 5 adenocarcinomas, one polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, one undifferentiated carcinoma and one clear cell carcinoma. There was an overall female preponderance (1.78/1). The mean age for females was 47.2 years and for males was 50.6 years. The mean age for patients with malignant tumors was 10 years greater than for patients with benign tumors and was statistically significant. The palate was the most common site for intraoral minor salivary gland tumors followed by the lip and buccal mucosa. These three sites accounted for 83% of all cases. Tumors arising in these three sites were predominantly benign. In contrast, those located in the gingiva, floor of the mouth and tongue were predominantly malignant. The results of this study were compared with other recent studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas of children.

Twenty-five benign pleomorphic adenomas of salivary glands in children were studied with immunohistochemical techniques in order to characterize the cell types comprising the epithelial and so-called "mesenchymal" regions of the tumors. The antisera against alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) were used to stain in normal salivary gland tissue as well as in pleomorphic adenoma. In normal salivary glands, alpha 1-ACT was localized to the intercalated duct and serous acinar cells. On the other hand, there was positive staining for alpha 1-AT in the intercalated and striated duct cells. Twenty-five cases (100%) of pleomorphic adenomas in children displayed positivity to alpha 1-ACT staining and 22 cases (88%) showed a positive staining for alpha 1-AT. alpha 1-ACT staining was particularly intense in chondrocyte-like cells of 20 cases (80%), in inner tubular cells of 16 (64%) and cyst-lining cells of 12 (52%). The limited number of tumor cells which were called plasmatoid or hyaline cells and squamous epithelial cells, were positive for alpha 1-ACT. None of the outer tubular cells and hyalinous material was positively stained for alpha 1-ACT. A strong positive reaction for alpha 1-AT was observed in chondrocyte-like cells of 15 cases (60%). Inner tubular cells were positive for alpha 1-AT in 12 cases (48%), plasmatoid or hyaline cells in 10 (40%) and cyst-lining cells in 8 (35%). Squamous epithelial cells, clear cells, secretory product and hyalinous material were positive for alpha 1-AT in some cases. Chondroid matrix and myxoid stroma had no reaction with both antibodies. The biological role of alpha 1-ACT and alpha 1-AT with a wide immunohistochemical distribution in pleomorphic adenomas of children may be associated with a self regulating mechanism which inhibits degradation by tissue proteinases.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1990

Method for the quantitative evaluation of the distribution pattern of nuclei in normal and malignant endometrial epithelia.

A quantitative method of evaluating the pattern of distribution of nuclei within a cell cluster was developed and applied to endometrial cytology. The distribution pattern (DP) is mathematically expressed using a "DP index," which can be determined as a product of the square root of the nuclear density, square root of n0, and the mean distance between the two nearest nuclei, r. The DP index has a limited range of decreasing values from 1.074 to 0.5 to 0, indicative of regular, random and aggregated patterns of nuclear distribution, respectively. The estimated DP index was 0.831 +/- 0.031 (mean +/- standard deviation) in the clusters of normal endometrial epithelial cells from 16 nonneoplastic cases, but 0.638 +/- 0.041 in malignant epithelia from 19 cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The index of normal epithelia was close to 0.877 of the regular hexagonal distribution pattern. Contrary to this, the DP index was significantly smaller in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (P less than .001), approaching 0.5, the theoretical value of a random distribution pattern. These findings suggest that quantitative analysis of the distribution pattern of nuclei can be a useful aid in the cytodiagnosis of endometrial lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Quantitative analysis of fiber disarray developing in papillary muscles unloaded after mitral valve replacement.

Muscle fiber disarray which developed in the papillary muscle released from its chordal attachment after mitral valve replacement (MVR) was analysed histometrically in 23 hearts. The degree of disarray, or how far the fiber arrangement deviated from an ideal condition in which the fibers are considered to be aligned in parallel, was evaluated in terms of the "disarray index". This index corresponds to the ratio of the minor to major axes of a regression ellipse which can be obtained histometrically by plotting the reciprocal of the number of muscle fibers intersected by a test line of equal length in every direction on a polar coordinate system. The index can vary continuously in a range from 0.00 for a completely parallel fiber alignment to 1.00 for a completely random distribution. The estimated index showed a gradual increase from 0.05 to 0.68 according to the postoperative survival period after MVR with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.793, p less than 0.01). The index was inversely correlated with the mean muscle fiber diameter (r = -0.433, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that the disarray which develops in the papillary muscle after MVR is a deformation of the normally parallel arrangement of fibers toward an isotropic texture under focal disruption of the normally longitudinally oriented tensile force.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral region.

Seventy cases (47M, 23F) of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral region were studied to determine tumor characteristics. The most frequent disease sites were the palate (21 cases), gingiva (17 cases) and parotid gland (13 cases). Each lymphoma was classified according to the criteria of the Working Formulation for Clinical Usage. Only 5.7% of cases were follicular lymphomas while diffuse lymphomas had a high incidence. Histologic subtypes included small lymphocytic (1%), small cleaved cell (7%), mixed small and large cell (20%), large cell (43%), large cell, immunoblastic (17%), lymphoblastic (9%) and small non-cleaved cell lymphoma (3%). Immunologic study utilizing the avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex (ABC) technique demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin in 24 (34%) of the suggested B-cell lymphoma cases; 20 tumors (28%) were classified as T-cell lymphoma based on a positive reaction for mouse monoclonal antibody (UCHL-1) to T-cell related membrane antigen; 11 tumors (16%) contained intracytoplasmic alpha 1-antitrypsin, suggesting true histiocytic lymphoma; 15 tumors (22%) did not contain immunoglobulin, UCHL-1 or alpha 1-antitrypsin positive cells and showed no definite characteristics.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Myogenic expression in esophageal polypoid tumors.

Four cases of esophageal polypoid tumors composed of squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcomatous components were investigated. Squamous cell carcinoma was consistently present in the base of the polypoid lesions in all four cases and was also intermingled with spindle-shaped sarcomatous cells in two cases. Metastases in the lymph nodes were observed in two cases: one was squamous cell carcinoma with a sarcomatous component and the other consisted of a pure sarcomatous component. All tumors involved at least the muscularis mucosae. In the sarcomatous region, the tumor was composed of highly anaplastic cells with or without forming interlacing fascicles. Pleomorphism was marked and bizarre giant cell forms were frequent. Mitoses were frequently present. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the anaplastic cells in the sarcomatous component in all cases were immunoreactive to desmin, muscle actin, vimentin, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, but were negative for cytokeratin, even in the metastatic tumors of the lymph nodes. The immunohistochemical results favor myogenic differentiation of the anaplastic cells, and these tumors were considered to be true carcinosarcomas composed of squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma.

Aged↗