Biomedical subjects

Fengying Zhai

Publications and source records attributed to Fengying Zhai.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

[Factors associated with responses of telephone screening interview in a validity and reliability study of telephone interview to assess dietary intake in urban China].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the first phase of a multi-phase study exploring the possibility of conducting telephone dietary intake interviewing in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong in urban China in 2002. METHODS: Three hundred healthy urban Chinese women aged 20 to 49years were sampled by random telephone screening interviews. RESULTS: Examination of the factors associated with their responses to the telephone screening showed that the completion rates differed by day of the week and time of the day. The completion rates were higher onWednesday and Thursday than other weekdays, and higher on Sunday than Saturday at the weekend. There was a trend for the completion rates to peak from 18 :00 to 21:30 during weekday evenings and between 11:00 and 12:00 AM and 19:00 and 20:00 PM during weekends. There was no significant interviewer difference in the completion rates except for one interviewer in Hong Kong, indicating that interviewer performance did not influence completion rates. Of all numbers dialed, 25% of the responding persons refused, with almost all (94.3%) occurring at or near the beginning of the screening interviews, either before or at invitation. Key reasons for refusal included "hung up without any interaction" (35.1%), "not available to participate" (28.6%) or "not interested in survey" (19.0%). Most of the refusals were firm and not possible to reverse.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Rapid income growth adversely affects diet quality in China--particularly for the poor!

To study the impact of income change--specifically rapid income growth--on diet behavior over time and by socioeconomic level, we used data from a prospective study of China begun in 1989 (followed up in 1991, 1993 and 1997). The subpopulation used in this study included 5783 subjects aged 20-45 years old from 3129 households. Dietary intakes were measured using a combination of the weighing method and three consecutive 24-h recalls. Detailed income and price data were collected, and predicted household per capita income was used in multivariate longitudinal random-effects models that described the consumption of several food groups and nutrients. Income elasticity was used to measure the changes for the effects of income over time on (a) the probability of consuming any food and (b) the quantity of food consumed. The structure of the Chinese diet is shifting away from high-carbohydrate foods toward high-fat, high-energy density foods. The variation in the income effects that we uncovered indicated that important changes in income effects took place between 1989 and 1997, with the changes varying considerably by socioeconomic status. These shifts in income effects indicate that increased income might have affected diets and body composition in a detrimental manner to health, with those in low-income groups having the largest increase in detrimental effects due to increased income. Extrapolating from our estimates, higher income levels in the future could lead to the reversal of the health improvements achieved in the last two decades, if diet-related noncommunicable diseases cannot be controlled.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Lysine-fortified wheat flour improves the nutritional and immunological status of wheat-eating families in northern China.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the fortification of wheat flour with lysine on selected health indicators among farm families obtaining 58% to 67% of their dietary protein from wheat. A man, a woman, and a child aged 5 to 12 years were studied from each of 88 families in a village near Huixian City, Henan Province, China. Half of the families received wheat flour fortified with 3 g of lysine per kilogram for three months, and the other half received wheat flour without fortification. The results showed a significantly greater gain in the height and weight of children receiving lysine-fortified wheat flour. Hemoglobin values were not affected. The mean prealbumin values of adult men and women were higher in those receiving lysine. The numbers of CD3 T cells increased significantly in women and children, as did the complement fraction C3 and IgG in men, IgA in women, and IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 in children. These results indicate that lysine fortification of wheat flour can significantly improve some indicators of the nutritional status and immune function of family members consuming a wheat-based diet.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Fatty acids in Chinese edible oils: value of direct analysis as a basis for labeling.

Edible oil is an important element in the diet of most transitional countries; nevertheless, little is known about the fatty acid composition of these oils. We examined the consumption of edible oils and the fatty acid composition of these oils obtained from a market survey conducted in seven Chinese provinces and in Beijing. Three days of measured household food intake from the 1997 China Health and Nutrition Survey households provided data on the consumption of edible oils. Edible oils sold in the capital cities of eight provinces were purchased. One hundred twenty-six samples, representing 14 different oils according to their labels, were assayed for their fatty acid content in 2001. Fatty acids were analyzed by standard gas chromatographic methods. More than 76% of households in China consume edible oil, providing an average of 29.6 g of edible oil per day to persons aged two years or older. Rapeseed was consumed by one-quarter of individuals. Rapeseed is rich in C22:1n9 cis (erucic acid). About 33% of edible oils differed from their labeled identification. Rapeseed oil, identified by the presence of C22:1n9 (erucic acid), was most frequently not labeled as such. In another 28% of the samples, trans isomers of linolenic acid were detected. Deviations from the label identification were more common in southern than in northern provinces. Regulations requiring complete labeling of mixed edible oils in China might help prevent unintentional consumption of fatty acids associated with adverse health outcomes. In particular, consumption of erucic acid and trans fatty acids might be reduced. The results suggest the need for closer control of food oil labeling in China, especially in the South.

China↗

PubMed2004

[Study of normal reference values for bone mineral contents in children and adolescents in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: The paper aims to provide reference values of bone mineral content for school-age children and adolescents in Beijing. METHODS: Normal values for total body bone mineral content (TBMC) were derived from measurements on 1025 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 18 years in Beijing city, and bone mineral content (BMC) values for selected regions of interest were also presented, including head, chest, midriff, pelvis, legs and arms. Both BMC and body mineral density were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS: The results revealed that bone mineralization increased gradually in early childhood and accelerated during adolescence and there were significant age and gender effects on all regions of interest as well as total body. TBMC in 18 year group was about 3 and 2.7 times more respectively for male and female than that in 6 year group, and female's increasing trend flat at the age of 14, while male TBMC keep growing until 17. Legs contribute much more to the increase of TBMC than other regions. Compared with white-origin children, the subjects were bestowed with more TBMC but less TBMD. CONCLUSION: BMC depends on sex, age, region and race. The normal values can be used to the assessment of bone status for children and adolescences to serve clinical as well as research purposes.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2004

[Association of Pro12Ala mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 with obesity and diabetes in Chinese population].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) polymorphism and its association with obesity or diabetes in Chinese population. METHODS: Normal weight group(91) and overweight and obese group(140) were included in this study, according to BMI. 103 subjects had normal glucose tolerance, 50 had impaired glucose tolerance, and 78 had diabetes mellitus, according to WHO Criteria for Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. We evaluated these subjects for the Pro12Ala mutation in the PPAR gene using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Allele frequencies of Pro12Ala mutation of PPAR gamma 2 in overweight and obese subjects (qA = 3.93%) were not significantly different from those in normal weight group (qA = 3.85%, P > 0.05). Both in overweight and obese group and normal weight group, the genotype of PA(AA) had lower plasma resistin as compared with the genotype of PP(P < 0.05). Allele frequencies of Pro12Ala were not different among Chinese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (qA = 3.88%), those with impaired glucose tolerance (qA = 4.00%), and those with diabetes mellitus (qA = 3.85%, P > 0.05). In these three groups, the genotype of PA(AA) had lower plasma resistin as compared with the genotype of PP, only in impaired glucose tolerance group the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Pro12Ala mutation in PPAR gamma 2 was not associated with either diabetes or obesity. The PPAR gamma 2 Ala allele may be involved in the expression of resistin and insulin sensitivity.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[The integrated dietary evaluation methods].

Based on the traditional single food or nutrient evaluation method, the integrated dietary evaluation methods have been developed according to the different dietary characters and nutrition guidelines for different populations in different countries, those methods not only provides the integrated diet quality evaluation methodologies to the nutrition workers, but also provide an simplified concept and applicable tools for government in planning food production.

Diet Surveys↗

PubMed2004

[Feasibility of telephone screening interview in a validity and reliability study of telephone interview to assess dietary intake in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the feasibility of telephone interviews to achieve recruitment of subjects to assess the validity and reliability of the telephone interview in eliciting dietary intake. METHODS: A multi-phase study was conducted in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong in 2002. RESULTS: Three hundred eligible women aged from 20 to 49 years old were recruited in those cities. In the screening interview, 2462 random telephone numbers were dialed with 95% of dials completed within 5 times of attempts. The average number of dial for the completion was two calls, the rates of completion and refusal conversion were not improved remarkably by the increase of calls although some calling attempts reached 20 times. Regarding the processing of the sampling pools in those three cities, Beijing had a lower efficiency rate but a satisfactory completion rate, Shanghai was good in both indicators, and Hong Kong had a good efficiency rate but lower completion rate. The overall telephone screening interview completion rate was 42%, with Hong Kong having the lowest rate (32%) compared with Beijing and Shanghai (47% and 50%, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The telephone interview method could successfully reach the target of urban Chinese women and earn their cooperation with a satisfactory completion rate.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Comparative study on different overweight reference applied on analyzing growth of Chinese children and adolescents].

The paper is studied based on anthropometry data collected in 1991 and 2000 in the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which is collaboration with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The sample are 7-18 years old children and adolescents. The primary purpose of this paper is to study the trends and prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents with different references and to compare the results and to further discuss their strengths and limits. The results from all the references indicate that overweight among Chinese children and adolescents are increasing sharply and becoming a problem that can't be overlooked. These references are not quite suitable for Chinese children and adolescents. Native age-sex-BMI references of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents should be established.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Impact of supplementation of vitamins and minerals on nutritional status of women in suburb].

In order to investigate the effect of vitamins-minerals supplementation on the nutritional status of Chinese women, 252 villagers aged 20-50 years old were selected as the participants in the study in Longli County, Guizhou Province. Within Twenty two weeks, half of the participants received the supplements and half had placebo. The results showed that in comparison with the control, the women with supplementation represented a higher urine excretion of vitamin B1 and B2 after a loading dosage and, a higher concentration of serum iron and zinc and a lower prevalence of anemia. They kept their facial moisture and grease better than those of the controls. They also felt better in sleeping, having appetite, and doing physical activities. The results indicated that the supplementation of vitamins-minerals might improve the nutritional status of rural Chinese women.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A new stage of the nutrition transition in China.

OBJECTIVE: To fully explore the long-term shifts in the nutrition transition and the full implications of these changes in the Chinese diet. DESIGN: A descriptive, population-based study. SETTING: Data come from nationally representative surveys: the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989-1997), the China National Nutrition Survey (1982 and 1992), the annual household consumption surveys of the State Statistical Bureau, and the Annual Death Report of China. RESULTS: During the first part of the major economic transformation in China (before 1985), cereal intake increased but decreased thereafter. There was also a long-term reduction of vegetable consumption that has now stabilised. Intake of animal foods increased slowly before 1979 and more quickly after the economic reforms occurred. While the total energy intake of residents has decreased, as has energy expenditure, large changes in the composition of energy have occurred. The overall proportion of energy from fat increased quickly, reaching an overall average of 27.3% and 32.8% for urban residents in 1997. Over a third of all Chinese adults and 60.1% of those in urban areas consumed over 30% of their energy from fat in 1997. Large shifts towards increased inactivity at work and leisure occurred. These changes are linked with rapid increases of overweight, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (DR-NCDs) as well as total mortality for urban residents. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term trend is a shift towards a high-fat, high-energy-density and low-fibre diet. The Chinese have entered a new stage of the nutrition transition.

Cause of Death↗

PubMed2002

What is China doing in policy-making to push back the negative aspects of the nutrition transition?

OBJECTIVE: To review the nutrition policies and efforts related to nutrition transition in China. DESIGN AND SETTING: This paper reviews the nutrition policy and activities of China to prevent and control diet-related non-communicable diseases (DR-NCDs). Data came from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Council and some cross-sectional surveys. RESULTS: China is undergoing a remarkable, but undesirable, rapid transition towards a stage of the nutrition transition characterised by high rates of DR-NCDs in a very short time. Some public sector Chinese organisations have combined their efforts to create the initial stages of systematic attempts to reduce these problems. These efforts, which focus on both under- and overnutrition, include the new Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and the Chinese Pagoda and The National Plan of Action for Nutrition in China, issued by the highest body of the government, the State Council. There are selected agricultural sector activities that are laudable and few other systematic efforts that are impacting behaviour yet. In the health sector, efforts related to reducing hypertension and diabetes are becoming more widespread, but there is limited work in the nutrition sector. This paper points to some unique strengths from past Chinese efforts and to an agenda for the next several decades. CONCLUSIONS: China is trying in its efforts to prevent and control the development of DR-NCDs but effects are limited. Systematic multi-sector co-operation is needed to effectively prevent and control DR-NCDs inside and outside the health sector.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed2002

Understanding the nutrition transition: measuring rapid dietary changes in transitional countries.

OBJECTIVE: To understand methodological concerns related to dietary intake collection in transitional societies. DESIGN: Three days of household weighing and measurement of all food used and repeated 24-hour recalls. SETTING: Eight Chinese provinces. SUBJECTS: Five thousand nine hundred and fifty-two and 5152 adults aged 20-45 years in 1989 and 1997, respectively. RESULTS: Great variance exists in the types and quantity of animal products used in common recipes. For example, the proportion of pork from lean cuts in 'stir-fried fresh pepper and pork' varies between 14 and 24% in urban and rural areas and the total pork content for 100 g (dish) varies by 15 to 19 g between rural and urban areas in each of eight provinces. Another challenge relates to the variation in the edible vegetable oil content added during food preparation. Reliance on standard recipes for each fried dish would miss the variations in oil use over time, space and socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary change is rapid in transitional countries. Reliance on recipes standardised for animal food and edible oil contents will lead to very large systematic errors in the measurement of energy, fat and protein intakes.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Tracking of dietary intake patterns of Chinese from childhood to adolescence over a six-year follow-up period.

Limited literature has explored whether dietary intake patterns are maintained or changed between childhood and adolescence. More research is required to understand the predictors of these patterns. Using longitudinal data collected in China for 984 children initially aged 6--13 y, we examined children's dietary intake patterns over a 6-y period and the predictors. Detailed data on children's diets (three 24-h recalls in each survey), anthropometry, sociodemographic characteristics and parental education and occupation were collected. To study the predictors of tracking and changes, we conducted ordinary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Significant correlations (r = 0.28-0.51, P < 0.05) between individuals' 1991 and 1997 dietary intakes were observed for macronutrients and major food groups (vegetable and fruit, meat and edible oil), which were also supported by kappa (a statistic measuring agreement beyond chance). About half of those who initially consumed high fat, high carbohydrate, high vegetable and fruit, and high meat diets continued such diets 6 y later. Family income, urban-rural residence, mother's education and baseline dietary intakes were important predictors of children's dietary intake patterns. In conclusion, even under conditions of rapid socioeconomic change, children are likely to maintain their dietary intake patterns from childhood into adolescence. Efforts to promote healthy eating behaviors may be more effective if focused on younger children, and parents should be involved in these efforts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Study on the relationship between body index and blood pressure in Chinese adult].

The authors use the anthropometry data of the Third National Nutrition Survey in China, and select the adult above 20-year-old as the study subjects in order to study the relationship between BMI and blood pressure value and to provide some reference data for defining the suitable BMI cut-off point of overweight and obesity in Chinese adult. The results show that the distribution of BMI varied with sex, age and areas; mean levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure both gradually increased as BMI increased, multifactor linear regression analyses indicates there is obvious linear relationship between blood and BMI; The associations of BMI with high blood pressure were statistically significant after controlling for age, sex, area or smoking, logistic regression analyses indicate that odds ratios increased gradually at the different levels of BMI. These data quantify the strong associations of BMI with hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[A new measurement for assessing the intra-household food distribution].

Discrepancy Score and Food Share to Energy Share were used to describe food distribution within a family. The results showed that dietary and nutritional status of people with discrepancy score below zero was worse than that of people with discrepancy score above zero. It proved that food allocation was closely related to dietary and nutritional status.

Diet↗