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G A Rollandi

Publications and source records attributed to G A Rollandi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Characterization of benign hepatic tumors arising in fatty liver with SonoVue and pulse inversion US.

BACKGROUND: We describe the spectrum of contrast-enhancement patterns of benign hepatic tumors arising in fatty liver on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US). METHODS: Sixteen patients (12 women and four men) with 27 benign hepatic tumors (17 hemangiomas, eight focal nodular hyperplasias, and two hepatocellular adenomas) arising in fatty liver underwent baseline and pulse inversion US after administration of SonoVue. Two experienced radiologists evaluated baseline echogenicity and dynamic enhancement pattern of each lesion in comparison with adjacent liver parenchyma. RESULTS: After administration of SonoVue, in the arterial phase 13 of 17 hemangiomas showed peripheral globular enhancement and one showed a rim of peripheral enhancement, followed by progressive centripetal fill-in, which was complete in 10 of 14 cases and incomplete in four. Three of 18 hemangiomas showed rapid and complete fill-in in the arterial phase. Eight of eight focal nodular hyperplasias became hyperechoic in comparison with adjacent liver parenchyma in the arterial phase and slightly hyperechoic or isoechoic in the portal venous and delayed phases. Both adenomas showed strong arterial contrast enhancement that became less intense in the portal venous and delayed phases. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced US after administration of SonoVue enables depiction of typical contrast-enhancement patterns in most benign hepatic tumors arising in fatty liver, thus providing useful clues for characterization.

Adenoma, Liver Cell↗
PubMed2006

Multidetector-row helical CT enteroclysis.

The authors illustrate the technique for small-bowel imaging using enteroclysis with multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT), underscoring the important role played by CT in the assessment of the small bowel thanks to the advent of first the spiral and later the multidetector technique. The paper makes a detailed comparison of the various methods that have been used in CT study of the small bowel and proposes a standardised technique to achieve correct distension of bowel loops and adequate evaluation of bowel wall vascularity, making reference to the well-consolidated experiences of the various Italian research groups. The paper accurately describes the different procedures required for CT assessment of the small bowel, from nasojejunal intubation to the selection of the most appropriate acquisition phases for assessment of bowel wall vascularity.

Butylscopolammonium Bromide↗
PubMed2006

Multidetector-row CT enteroclysis: indications and clinical applications.

This paper examines the diagnostic potential of multislice computed tomography enteroclysis (MSCT-E) to detect and assess different diseases affecting the small bowel, emphasising the increasingly important role assumed by the technique in the study of this anatomical region. After a short summary of the technical aspects, we discuss the different findings that can be observed during an MSCT-E study and that enable detection of small-bowel disease and, if necessary, assessment of the extent and stage of disease.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Spiral computerized tomography without perfusion of contrast media as first line investigation in patients with renal colic].

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced helical CT in the detection of stones in patients with suspected renal colic from ureteral stones and compared CT findings with the results of plain abdominal film and US. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the findings relative to 80 patients (age range 24-75) who came to our observation to the Emergency Department with acute flank pain. All patients had been examined with plain abdominal radiography, US and unenhanced helical CT. RESULTS: While abdominal radiography showed the presence of radiopaque stones in 38 patients only (47.5%), US demonstrated ureter dilatation in 72 patients and detected stones in 36 of them (45%). Helical CT performed best, depicting a stone in 72 patients (90%), with high sensitivity and specificity. Mean stone size was 3 mm, with 7 mm-1 mm range. The biggest stones were seen in 3 cases and the smallest ones in 34. In 8 patients with no signs of stones we found other extraurinary conditions, namely pancreatitis, diverticula, renal cancer. We also found a case of urinary tract infection. CONCLUSIONS: Thanks to its short execution time and accuracy, helical CT makes the examination of choice in patients with acute flank pain due to renal colic. It is also a most valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of other pathological causes of pain such as abdominal or pelvic masses and inflammatory conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Study with thoracic and abdominal spiral CT in intensive care unit patients].

INTRODUCTION: The severe clinical conditions of intensive care unit patients need frequent imaging studies to detect the pathologic changes in the patients' situation and to plan the correct therapeutic management. The yield of bedside plain radiography is often not diagnostic but moving the patients to the radiology department could affect their clinical conditions. Conventional CT is difficult to perform in these patients because they need continuous assistance and cannot cooperate during the diagnostic examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors examined with Spiral CT 46 unconscious patients in poor clinical conditions who presented a variety of pulmonary and abdominal diseases. Thirty coma patients were submitted to bedside chest radiography and then to Spiral CT because there was disagreement between the radiographic and the clinical findings. Sixteen patients with abdominal conditions underwent Spiral Ct, 11 of them after bedside US. The chest and abdomen were examined with Spiral CT in 2/16 patients and the abdomen only in 5 cases; twenty-two of 46 patients were under assisted ventilation. During all the Spiral CT studies, the patients had their arms along the body. Spiral CT results were compared with those of bedside chest radiography in 30 cases and with those of bedside abdominal US in 11 patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Spiral CT is a fast examination technique with no major artifacts which can be used safely also in unconscious patients. It confirmed a variety of pathologic conditions which may be misdiagnosed by conventional chest radiography, which improves the care of these patients. Bedside plain radiography is limited by several factors depending on the patient (no cooperation, variable respiration, still decubitus), the examination technique (X-ray projection, exposure, poor diagnostic yield), and the anatomical region of interest (mediastinal vessels). Even though our technical standard for conventional radiography was high, Spiral CT was better in detecting parenchymal consolidation and pleural effusion, a missed pneumothorax or thromboembolic disease. We always performed Spiral CT when the clinical findings did not match the results of bedside plain radiography. Moving the patients was very easy because the intensive care unit in our hospital is in the same building as the radiology department and there were dedicated devices supporting the coma patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Interlobular vasculature in renal transplants: a power Doppler US study with MR correlation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, with power Doppler (PD) ultrasound (US), the normal interlobular vasculature in patients who underwent renal transplantation and to assess if defects of the PD signal at the interlobular level correspond to cortical areas that lack blood perfusion at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two normal and 33 malfunctioning transplanted kidneys were studied with PD US (6.5 MHz). PD images of interlobular vessels were graded on a scale of normal (pattern I) and decreasing visualization. In kidneys with focal (pattern II) and diffuse (pattern III) absence of interlobular signal, correlative dynamic MR imaging was performed. RESULTS: Interlobular vessels were consistently depicted with PD US in the proximal cortex of normally functioning transplanted kidneys. Of kidneys with a pattern II appearance, five had no contrast material enhancement in the cortical sites in which the interlobular PD signal was detected and three were contrast enhanced but it was less intense than that in adjacent cortical sites with normal interlobular vasculature. All transplanted kidneys with a pattern III appearance had delayed contrast enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Although PD US appears to depict the interlobular vasculature up to the renal capsule, care should be taken in the diagnosis of perfusion defects, since absence of detectable flow at the interlobular level does not always correspond to cortical areas that lack perfusion on MR images.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Imaging of patients with pancreaticobiliary diversion for obesity: post-operative anatomy and findings in small bowel obstruction.

Pancreaticobiliary diversion is a surgical procedure undertaken for obesity. It consists of a distal gastrectomy with a long Roux-en-Y reconstruction, the enteroenterostomy being placed 200 cm distal to the gastroenterostomy and 50 cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve. Three intestinal limbs are recognized: (a) the alimentary loop from the gastroenterostomy to the enteroenterostomy; (b) common loop from the enteroenterostomy to the ileocaecal valve and (c) pancreaticobiliary loop from the duodenum to the enteroenterostomy. The radiological findings in 15 pancreaticobiliary diversion patients with small bowel obstruction were reviewed (15 plain abdominal radiographs, 13 ultrasound (US), 8 CT) and compared with 20 plain abdominal radiographs, 10 US, and 10 CT studies performed for other causes in patients with pancreaticobiliary diversion and 15 CT scans from non-operated patients. After pancreaticobiliary diversion the pancreaticobiliary loop was completely air-free. In the patients operated on more than 1 year previously, alimentary and common loops were significantly larger than the pancreaticobiliary loop and small bowel loops of non-operated subjects. Obstruction of the pancreaticobiliary loop arrests only the flow of pancreaticobiliary secretions with non-specific clinical findings. Plain abdominal radiographs were not diagnostic in all but two cases with radiographically detectable dilated fluid filled loops. Air-fluid levels were never apparent. US and CT showed markedly dilatated intestinal loops and duodenum. Obstruction of the alimentary and common loops presented with symptoms, clinical signs, and radiological findings more typical for bowel obstruction in intact subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

High resolution ultrasound anatomy of normal Achilles tendon.

To evaluate the ultrasound (US) appearance of the normal Achilles tendon at increasing frequency and establish an anatomical correlation for US findings, 30 normal tendons were examined in vivo and three in vitro with 10 MHz and 15 MHz mechanical sector probes. Side-by-side comparison was performed in vitro between the sonograms and the corresponding anatomical sections. Two tendinous portions were detected by presence of an internal acoustic interface which had different appearances: one (type I) or two (type II) continuous lines of increased thickness and greater reflectivity than adjacent fibrils; or displacement (type III) of the distal portion of the well insonated sector of the tendon body. When, on coronal scans of the tendon, no intratendinous linear echoes of increased reflectivity were visible, the two portions of the tendon were identified through the converging course of their bundles (type 0 pattern). Different echogenicity allowed the detection of two tendinous portions, also on axial images. Scanning of isolated tendons allowed precise location of these interfaces at the boundary between anatomically distinct tendinous portions arising from the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Although the normal Achilles tendon is commonly regarded as a uniform structure by US, the use of high resolution probes allows identification of its constituent portions. Their identification may be useful to avoid misdiagnoses of pathological findings.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1995

Schedule-selective biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil: a phase II study in advanced colorectal cancer.

Based on experimental findings suggesting that 5-fluorouracil (FUra) may have different mechanisms of action depending on the schedule of administration, we generated the hypothesis that biochemical modulation of this fluoropyrimidine should be schedule specific. We thus tested the activity of a hybrid regimen consisting of two biweekly cycles of FUra bolus (600 mg/m2) modulated by pretreatment (24-h interval) with methotrexate (200 mg/m2), alternating with a 3-week continuous infusion of FUra (200 mg/m2/day) modulated by low-dose (6S)leucovorin (20 mg/m2 bolus weekly). Thirty-three consecutive patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer and no prior therapy for metastatic disease entered the study from February 1992 to August 1993. They were treated with two biweekly cycles of FUra bolus (600 mg/m2) preceded by (24-h interval) methotrexate (200 mg/m2), alternating with a 3-week continuous infusion of FUra (200 mg/m2/day) modulated by low-dose (6S)leucovorin (20 mg/m2 bolus weekly). The median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1; the liver was the only metastatic site in 17 patients. Treatment outcome was evaluated by computed tomographic scan in all patients, except for two. Three complete and 13 partial responses were obtained among these 33 patients (response rate, 48%; 95% confidence limits, 31-66%). Performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) influenced clinical response. The combined complete response and partial response rate was 69%, 33%, and 25% in patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, 1, and 2, respectively (chi2, 4.6, P = 0.032, two-tailed Mantel test for trend). After a median follow-up time of 26 months, 10 patients are still alive. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.5 and 20.2 months, respectively. No toxic deaths or grade 4 toxicity occurred. The incidence of grade 3 toxicity per patient in any cycle was: mucositis 6%, diarrhea 3%, and vomiting 3% for the bolus part and 21%, 3%, and 6%, respectively, for the continuous infusion part of the regimen. Hand-foot syndrome occurred in 27% of the patients treated with the continuous infusion regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Case report: imaging of bile duct hamartomas.

A rare case of multiple bile duct hamartomas of the liver has been evaluated with ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The CT and angiographic features of the hamartomas described here differ significantly from previously reported cases. In addition, the MR appearance of these tumours is reported for the first time.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Gastromiro vs gastrografin vs prontobario CAT for computerized tomography. Multicenter study].

The opacification of intestinal loops is mandatory, during CT examination of the abdomen, to prevent the gut from being mistaken for a pathological process or vice versa. The authors compared Gastrografin and Prontobarium-CT with a new, orally administrable, non-ionic contrast medium (Gastromiro) to investigate whether the non-ionic molecule presents any advantages over the other contrast media usually employed with CT. Five hundred ml of water solution/suspension at 11.1% (Gastromiro or Gastrografin) and 1.7% (Prontobarium-CT) were administered 20 minutes before examination to 818 consecutive patients. Different parameters were considered--i.e., patient tolerance as far as "taste and vomiting" were concerned, gut opacification, and any reaction which might have occurred to the patients within 24 hours after examination. The results, statistically analyzed, are the following: no significant difference in the quality of opacification of stomach, duodenum, and large bowel; significant difference in the quality of opacification of small bowel, where Gastromiro proved to have the highest contrast resolution; Gatromiro stimulated diarrhea significantly less than Gastrografin and Prontobarium-CT.

Barium Sulfate↗