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Biomedical subjects

G Axelsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Axelsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The dental state of old-age pensioners resident in homes for the elderly and long-stay geriatric units in Reykjavík].

In 1984 the dental state was clinically investigated in a random sample of 400 old-age pensioners, 67 years or older, who were either inmates of old people's residential or nursing homes or long-term patients in geriatric departments of the hospitals in Reykjavík. Decayed, missing and filled teeth were recorded in accordance with criteria suggested by WHO. Of the participants 10% (27 males and 13 females) were dentulous with a mean number of 9.9 teeth. The mean number of remaining teeth in dentate subjects was higher in the mandible than in the maxilla. The mean number of remaining teeth per person decreased with increasing age and was higher in males than females in 4 out of 5 age groups. The teeth most commonly retained were the canines and lateral incisors in the mandible and central incisors and canines in the maxilla. Only 0.8% of the sample had greater than or equal to 10 teeth in each dental arch.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of meningitis: a study in 710 patients with suspected central nervous system infection.

A prospective study to determine the value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of meningitis was performed in 710 consecutively observed patients, both children and adults, who underwent lumbar puncture due to suspected central nervous system infection. Diagnoses included acute or presumed bacterial meningitis (n = 79), acute or presumed viral meningoencephalitis (n = 218), acute unclassified meningitis (n = 6), other infections of the central nervous system (n = 37), non-infectious neurological diseases (n = 76) and control patients (n = 294). The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were determined for cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count, total protein, lactate, glucose and C-reactive protein levels as well as the blood/cerebrospinal fluid glucose ratio. Determination of cerebrospinal fluid levels of lactate (greater than or equal to 3.5 mmol/l) was found to be superior to the other tests. The C-reactive protein level gave no additional diagnostic information when the lactate level was determined. The white blood cell count, and total protein and glucose levels were often unreliable tools for differential diagnosis, largely due to low sensitivity at realistic discriminatory limits. The study confirms that no cerebrospinal fluid test is fully reliable in distinguishing bacterial meningitis from other forms of meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Orthopantomographic examination of the edentulous mouth.

Orthopantomograms from 250 persons, edentulous in one or both jaws, were examined with the aim to assess the frequency and location of significant radiographic abnormalities. The most frequent findings were retained roots and teeth, disclosed in 11.1% and 4.9% of the subjects, respectively. The findings were compared with the results of previous surveys and the various radiographic methods used in the examination of edentulous jaws discussed. The results of this and previous studies demonstrates (1) the necessity of a routine radiographic examination of the jaws of every patient before construction of a single denture or complete dentures, and (2) the need for a better extraction technique together with more universal use of radiographs before and after extraction.

Denture, Complete↗
PubMed1988

Outcome of pregnancy among women living near petrochemical industries in Sweden.

The association between exposure to emissions from petrochemical industries and outcome of pregnancy was examined in a small area of Sweden. The study was based largely, but not entirely, on questionnaire data and evaluated the pregnancies which occurred between the end of 1963 and 30 June 1981 for a sample of 1400 women born between 1935 and 1960. In addition to the questionnaire study, information on all infants born between 1973 and 1981 in this area was obtained from central registers. The miscarriage rate was slightly elevated in the exposed area (OR = 1.15, 0.75-1.76, 95% confidence interval). While a statistically significant increase in miscarriages was found for a small subset of women who worked for one of the petrochemical companies during pregnancy (OR = 6.6, 2.3-19.2), the overall results did not support the hypothesis that ambient community exposures were associated with an increased risk of unfavourable pregnancy outcome.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Chylothorax as a complication after delivery.

A 23-year old female who developed a chylothorax as a probable complication after delivery is described and a possible mechanism is proposed. Conservative treatment was unsuccessful and the surgical management was complicated by an anatomical variation with the thoracic duct presenting as a plexiform system instead of a single duct.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Discomfort from rubber gloves indicating contact urticaria.

Rubber glove intolerance is a common dermatological problem and hypersensitivity of both delayed and immediate types occur. In order to study immediate skin reactions induced by rubber gloves, 15 patients with discomfort and itch produced by rubber gloves were examined. The patients were provoked by wearing rubber gloves, scratch tested with gloves, rubber chemicals and powders. RAST-tests were performed using an extract from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). In 6/15 patients, contact urticaria was confirmed, in 3 of whom IgE antibodies to latex were demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pleuropulmonary reactions in patients on bromocriptine treatment.

Pleural thickening was observed in 4 patients during treatment with bromocriptine in dosages of 10-90 mg/day. Three patients who received at least 50 mg/day developed respiratory symptoms, elevated ESR and pleural effusion, which were normalized after withdrawal of the drug or reduction of the dosage. However, the pleural thickening was not fully reversible in any of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Torus palatinus in Icelandic schoolchildren.

Three populations in South- and North-Thingeyjarsýslas, Northeast Iceland, were surveyed for the presence of torus palatinus. A total of 987 schoolchildren (489 male and 487 female) were examined. A statistically significant difference was noted between the prevalence in South-Thingeyjarsýsla (33.3%) and North-Thingeyjarsýsla (14.6%). Prevalence and size were affected by age and population but not by sex. An association between torus palatinus and torus mandibularis was not found. Secular changes in the occurrence of torus palatinus in Icelanders emphasize the importance of environmental etiological factors and diminish the value of torus palatinus as a racial trait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Allergy to weeping fig--a new occupational disease.

During the last decade green plants have become more common in interior decoration. There are companies specializing in the leasing of green plants to public buildings and offices. Weeping fig is one of the most popular green plants. Dust and dry components of the plant are usually removed by vigorous shaking. In this way the allergen becomes airborne. During a few months we have seen several plant keepers who have developed airway allergy to weeping fig. Two of them have been thoroughly investigated. Both are atopics. Extracts were made from leaves and branches and both patients had positive skin prick tests and RAST. The risk of sensitization in plant keepers who work with weeping fig is probably considerable.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Validation of questionnaire reported miscarriage, malformation and birth weight.

A questionnaire on pregnancy outcome was distributed to 782 women engaged in laboratory work at some time between 1968 and 1979. The response rate was 95%. Reported data on miscarriages, malformations and birth weights were compared to data in hospital records and central registers. Twelve per cent of the reported miscarriages could not be verified. Work with solvents was more frequently reported for these miscarriages as compared to those which could be verified or those which were anamnestically recorded. Fifty per cent of the malformations reported in the questionnaires were also found in registers or hospital records. Regarding birth weights, 28% of the infants had different birth weights reported in questionnaires than were found recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. It is suggested that questionnaire data should be completed with information from sources having a higher validity when the influence of environmental factors on pregnancy outcome is studied.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

Exposure to solvents and outcome of pregnancy in university laboratory employees.

The outcome of pregnancy was studied among personnel employed in laboratory work at the University of Gothenburg between 1968 and 1979. A questionnaire was distributed to 782 women; the response rate was 95%. When the 1160 pregnancies were divided into those with and without exposure to organic solvents during laboratory work, a slightly increased, but not significant, difference in the miscarriage rate was found (relative risk (RR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.89-1.91). No differences in perinatal death rates or the prevalence of malformations were found between infants whose mothers were exposed to solvents and those who were not. Shift work during pregnancy was related to a higher miscarriage rate (RR 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.36-7.47). No relation between cigarette smoking and miscarriage rate was found, although birth weights were lower when the mother smoked during pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1984

Crown size of deciduous teeth in Icelanders.

Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters of deciduous teeth were measured from dental casts of 540 Icelandic children. Statistically significant sexual dimorphism was present in five of the buccolingual and in six of the mesiodistal diameters. The variability of the measurements followed the field concept but did not show systematic sexual dimorphism. In accordance with the permanent teeth, the size of the deciduous teeth also proved to be at the top of the range for populations of European origin.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1984

Use of questionnaires in occupational studies of pregnancy outcome.

Previous studies have demonstrated a high miscarriage risk among women in laboratories and women exposed to anaesthetic gases. Many of these studies have methodological shortcomings. The aim of the investigation was to study the pregnancy outcome, mainly the miscarriage rate in these occupational groups, and to study such potential sources of error as response bias and inaccurate diagnosis. A questionnaire study was performed among women who had worked at a Swedish hospital as well as women employed in laboratories at the University of Gothenburg (U.G.). Reported pregnancies were accepted only if they could be verified in hospital records or if they were anamnestically reported in medical records. Pregnancies among non-respondents were also sought in medical records. All women suffering a miscarriage after exposure to anaesthetic gases reported their miscarriage while one-third of all miscarriages occurring to women who were not exposed during pregnancy were not reported in the questionnaire. Twelve per cent of the miscarriages among laboratory employees at U.G. could not be verified or found anamnestically in medical records. Work with solvents during pregnancy was more frequently reported for these miscarriages as compared to those which were found in medical records. No significantly increased miscarriage risk after exposure to solvents in laboratory work or to anaesthetic gases could be demonstrated after correction for these errors. It is concluded that use of questionnaires as the only source of information in studies of pregnancy outcome could give biased results and should thus be avoided.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1984

Selection bias in studies of spontaneous abortion among occupational groups.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether in a cross-sectional study the miscarriage rate among female employees might be overestimated if the study population included only those women who were employed at the time of the investigation. Data were derived from the experience of 556 female laboratory workers at the University of Gothenburg (UG) who had ever been pregnant. Seventy five percent of the women who had been delivered of a child while working continued to work during the next pregnancy, while 91% of those who had had a miscarriage continued to work during the next pregnancy (P = .002). Women who terminated their employment at UG before 1979 had a lower miscarriage rate (5.9%) than those who were still working at that time (11.4%). The miscarriage rate was lowest among those who had stopped working in connection with a successful pregnancy (4.4%). It is concluded that selection bias dependent on the outcome of previous pregnancies may influence the frequency of miscarriages observed in cross-sectional studies.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1983

Alcohol consumption, neuropsychological status and computer-tomographic findings in a random sample of men and women from the general population.

There was no correlation between reported amount of alcohol consumed on each drinking occasion per se and neuropsychological and neuroradiological signs of cerebral disorder in age-stratified random sample of 200 men and 200 women taken from the general population. Furthermore, moderate to heavy social drinking as assessed by an index based on amount of alcohol consumed on each drinking occasion and the responses to some other alcohol-habit questions was not associated with signs of cerebral disorder. Alcohol dependence, however, was associated with signs often diagnosed in alcoholic patients but milder in degree. There were indications of important differences between men and women with regard to the relationship between advanced alcohol-habits and cerebral disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Crown size of permanent teeth in Icelanders.

Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were measured from casts of 1010 dentitions of schoolchildren from Northeast Iceland. Their teeth proved to be larger than in Europeans generally, being exceeded only by Australian Aborigines, some American Indian populations, and American Negroes. In comparison with Ohio Caucasians of Northwest European origin Icelanders showed clearly larger dimensions, less sexual dimorphism, and a different pattern of dimorphism. Crown indices were also distinctly different in Icelanders and Ohio Caucasians.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Hepatocellular cancer in Sweden: incidence 1961-1962 and 1971-1972.

The present study was undertaken to compare the incidence of hepatocellular cancer in Sweden during 1961-1962 and 1971-1972, and to evaluate the geographical distribution of the disease. Another aim was to determine whether a retrospective analysis of hospital records of individual cases could provide information on relevant risk factors, in particular cirrhosis, previous diseases, occupational exposure and alcohol consumption. The incidence of hepatocellular cancer in Sweden has increased, particularly in the highest age groups. A difference in incidence for males between the three largest cities in Sweden and the remainder of the country is demonstrated. The proportion of autopsies in Sweden, particularly in the highest age groups, has increased between the two time periods, which could explain part of the increase in incidence. Information from the hospital records indicate that cirrhosis and alcohol abuse among the male cases in the three largest cities are more common than in the remainder of Sweden.

Adult↗