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Biomedical subjects

G Barboni

Publications and source records attributed to G Barboni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

The behavior of several microionization chambers in small intensity modulated radiotherapy fields.

The aim of this work is to compare different ion chambers available for dose measurements in small fields used in intensity modulated radiotherapy. Some dosimetric aspects, related to these small radiation fields, i.e., lack of electronic lateral equilibrium and steep dose region, must be evaluated, in order to obtain an accurate technique implementation. Furthermore, the size of the sensitive volume of the chambers compared with the mapping of the beams or segments needs consideration. If the size of the chamber is too large for the flatness of the field, the measurement can deviate from the expected absorbed dose at a point. We propose a comparison of various dosimetric values between different microionization chambers with respect to a smaller dosimeter, such as the diamond detector.

Equipment Failure Analysis↗
PubMed2001

[Behavior of soluble L-selectin in HIV infected children].

L-selectin is an adhesion molecule that is responsible for the initial attachment of leukocytes to endothelium. After leukocyte activation L-selectin is endoproteolytically released from the cell surface. In order to analyze the relationship between soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) and parameters of immune activation and disease progression, 51 HIV infected children and 15 healthy controls were studied. Serum L-selectin concentrations were significantly higher in HIV infected children than in the control group. Levels of sL-selectin were higher in HIV infected patients with severe immunologic suppression than in those with moderate or no evidence of suppression. A positive correlation between sL-selectin levels and LTCD8 counts, sL-selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and immunogobulin A (IgA) levels was detected. On the contrary sL-selectin concentration did not correlate with plasmatic viral load. The correlation with parameters of immune activation may implicate involvement of sL-selectin in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection.

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed2000

Prognostic value of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (s-ICAM-1) in HIV-infected children.

Central events in the host defence system and immune-mediated damage are tightly regulated by cell adhesion molecules. Sera from 28 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected children divided into groups according to disease severity, six seroreverting (SR) children and 25 healthy controls were studied to detect the presence of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (s-ICAM-1). Soluble ICAM-1 levels were found to be significantly increased in HIV-infected children in comparison with SR children or healthy controls. Levels of soluble ICAM-1 were higher in patients with severe forms of HIV-infection than in those with a milder form of the disease. Significant differences in titers of s-ICAM-1 were recorded between SR children and HIV-infected children with mild disease or healthy controls. There was a significant correlation between s-ICAM-1 levels and the concentrations of beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) and, to a lesser extend, immunoglobulin A levels (IgA). Soluble ICAM-1 levels didn't change considerably in HIV-infected children in stable clinical conditions, independently of their clinical stage of the disease, during a follow-up period of 9-12 months. Conversely, s-ICAM-1 levels increased simultaneously with the appearance of new well-defined clinical disorders or decreased during the improvement of clinical conditions. A significant negative correlation was recorded between the titers of the s-ICAM-1 and the CD4(+) T-cell levels. These results suggest that the s-ICAM-1 might be another useful tool to evaluate disease progression.

Child↗
PubMed1999

[Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels in HIV infected children].

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a membrane bound molecule that is involved in cell to cell adhesive interactions within the immune system. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of soluble ICAM-1 (s-ICAM-1) in 25 HIV-1 infected pediatric patients. We compared s-ICAM-1 values to parameters of immune activation--such as IgA and beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2 m) and viral replication such as adenosine deaminase (ADA). s-ICAM-1 levels were found to be significantly increased in HIV-1 infected children when compared with healthy controls. Levels of s-ICAM-1 were higher in patients with severe forms of HIV-1 infection in comparison with those with a mild form of the disease or non symptomatic infection. No differences in titers of s-ICAM-1 were recorded between seroreverters and healthy controls. A positive correlation between levels of s-ICAM-1 and IgA, beta 2 m or ADA concentrations was detected. Similarly, there was statistically significant correlation between levels of IgA, beta 2 m or ADA. In conclusion, increased s-ICAM-1 levels in HIV-1 pediatric patients appeared to be another important feature among the immune disturbances triggered by HIV-1 infection. s-ICAM-1 might be involved in the development of the immunologic dysfunction during the progression of the disease.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1996

[Tuberculosis and immigrants. A study of its prevalence in the Umbria region].

In 1995, 463 patients were admitted in the medical service of Perugia (Sanitary District n. 6). Only 20% of them were enrolled in the TBC programme. Mantoux was: < 10 mm in 35%, 10-15 mm in 25%, > 15 mm in 40%. Chest Rx in 30 subjects demonstrated: normality in 19; old TBC in 7, active TBC in 4 (miliary, bilateral upper lobe pneumonitis, left subapical upper lobe pneumonitis and right lobitis of the upper lobe). All patients were admitted in hospital and showed positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. They were treated with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol/streptomycin for 2 months and with isoniazid, rifampin for other 4-8 months. Two patients showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis with isoniazid resistance. Seven patients were treated with isoniazid chemoprophylaxis without side effects. Migrants should receive information about health care service and be encourage to register themselves with a general practitioner. Skin test screening and chest radiographs for those with positive results should be provided at a convenient location.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

X-linked mental retardation, microcephaly, and growth delay associated with hereditary bullous dystrophy macular type: report of a second family.

We report on 2 patients with mental retardation and bullous dystrophy, macular type. The observation of the condition in a male and his maternal uncle is consistent with recessive X-linkage. Due to the rarity of the condition, nosologic definition was difficult before the birth of the propositus. The clinical picture in the two patients described, characterized by mental retardation, dwarfism, microcephaly, alopecia, bullous dystrophy macular type, hypogenitalism, is very much like the one observed in the patients, all males, belonging to the only other family reported to date. The recent localization of the bullous dystrophy gene in the Xq24-qter segment opens the possibility of prenatal diagnosis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

[The Chernobyl accident. Evaluation of the doses absorbed by the thyroid gland in children of a mountain community from the measurement of I131 retained activity].

I131 thyroid uptake after the Chernobyl's accident was sampled in a Val Pellice school. Children were grouped according to sex, age and area of residence. The procedure used in collecting data and calculating the transformation coefficients from activity counts by computer simulation is analysed, as are the errors and sensitivity of the method. The activities were then converted into doses using an intake model. The dose levels identified are lower than the estimates based on the measurement of environmental matrices. Statistical analysis revealed certain subgroups with significantly different levels of absorption: particularly groups accustomed to a different diet or living in particular areas.

Accidents↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental dosimetric comparison between single tomography and multiple simultaneous tomography with Synchroplan in clinical practice].

Reference is made to a dosimetric comparison between single tomography and simultaneous multiple tomography with Synchroplan in 10 patients subjected to nefroangiotomography. Data from several thermoluminescence dosimeters placed on different parts of the body were used in a careful statistical analysis that showed the absence of significant differences in absorbed dose in function of constitutional habitus. It was also found that the dose absorbed for 6 tomograms of the renal cavities in single tomography was about 4 times higher than with the Synchroplan (using a previously experimented set of high-sensitivity intensifying screens), which provides 6 tomograms in the same dynamic phase at different levels for the same exposure.

Body Constitution↗
PubMed1985

[Reduction of doses in teleradiography of the spine. Criteria of radiation protection and studies of dosimetry].

To reduce the radiation exposure during full spine X-ray examinations, the following techniques were instituted: 72" tube to film distance; X-ray beam collimation; fast screen-film combination (rare earth gradual screens with high speed films); additional compensation filters; shielding of the most radiation-sensitive organs. Dosimetric measurements are reported. A very high reduction in exposure, above all of breasts and gonads, was obtained, without significant loss in the quality of radiographs.

Breast↗
PubMed1984

[Dosimetric study in vivo, using a computer, of Co-60 irradiation of patients with breast prosthesis made of silicone].

This work studies the dose distribution through the chest wall in radiation therapy after mammary reconstruction with silicone prostheses. TLD experimental dosimetry has been done on patient with silicone prostheses, on patient without prostheses and on Alderson phantom. Various conditions of treatment have been theorically simulated on a computer. At least authors show the results evaluating the dose distribution through the chest wall, the skin and the local complications.

Breast↗
PubMed1983

[Homogeneous dose distribution in the moving-strip technic].

The moving-strip technique employing a 60Co beam, is used in radiotherapy for whole abdominal irradiation in ovarian tumours and lymphomas. With this technique the spread of received dose from single strip, around an average value, is very high. Our paper suggest a computerized method for a more homogeneous dose distribution in central strips and a lower dose in out-side tissues.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Leucocyte migration-inhibitory activity in human cord blood.

Leucocyte migration-inhibitory activity was found in the sera (cord blood) of 15/28 (53%) healthy, fullterm newborn infants as opposed to only 3/28 (10,7%) control children under three years of age (P less than 0,005). It is postulated that the migration-inhibitory activity may be related to lymphokine-dependent mechanisms.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

Rubella in Umbria (Italy): serological assessment of immunity in adult women and congenital rubella detection after 1978.

Antibody to rubella virus was measured in 3655 serum samples collected during 1973-1979 from females of child bearing age in Umbria (Italy). The overall incidence of seronegatives was 24 percent (hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody less than 1:16), with a higher proportion of seronegatives in the first years studied (1973-1976). A history of rubella infection was shown to be an unreliable index of immunity. One case of rubella congenital syndrome was detected following laboratory screening of newborn babies after the rubella virus circulation in Umbria during 1978. The persistence of a risk associated with rubella virus in women living in Umbria indicates the importance and the urgency of the adoption of a full-scale rubella control campaign.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Serological studies of the immunological condition versus rebulla virus in maternal and neonatal serum samples].

In 116 serum pairs sampled from the mother and the newborn at delivery, the antibody level against Rubeola virus has been assessed haemagglutination inhibition test. Thirty one per cent of the mothers resulted not protected, as the antibody titer was below 1/16. A situation akin to that described in the same percentage of not protected women was 29,45%. In 19% of the newborns the antibody level against the virus proved higher than the mother's one by at least two dilution factors. Research work is in progress to try the reason of this result, as a possible consequence of different Ig classes or aspecific inhibitors involved.

Adult↗