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Biomedical subjects

G Biro

Publications and source records attributed to G Biro.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Behavior of physical endurance and metabolism during acute beta 1 and beta 1/2-blockade].

UNLABELLED: The effect of acute beta 1-blockade (100 mg metoprolol) and beta 1/2-blockade (2 mg levobunolol) on exercise performance and metabolism was studied in 16 healthy male physical education students. The study was carried out in a randomized double blind cross-over fashion. The maximal oxygen uptake was unchanged in all conditions, but maximal exercise capacity was reduced by 4% (beta 1-blockade) and 5% (beta 1/2-blockade). Maximal lactate concentration was reduced by 10% (beta 1-blockade) and 20% (beta 1/2-blockade). In 50 min treadmill exercise with 68% of maximal exercise capacity, beta 1/2-blockade led to premature exhaustion in 50% of subjects. Moreover, blood levels of glucose decreased (in some subjects to about 2.5 mmol X 1(-1], while the values were unchanged under beta 1-blockade. Free fatty acids and glycerol were similarly reduced by both beta-blocking agents. HGH, cortisol, adrenalin, and noradrenalin increased under beta-blockade, but more under beta 1/2-blockade than under beta 1-blockade. Insulin remained unchanged as compared with the unmedicated condition. The perceived exertion was elevated under both beta-blocking agents. CONCLUSION: Beta 1-blockade affects exercise performance, especially endurance performance, less than beta 1/2-blockade due to unaffected beta 2-receptors mediating glycogenolysis in the skeletal muscles.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

[Immunoreactive trypsin in the serum of normal children and children with gastrointestinal diseases].

Serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) was measured in cord blood and blood specimens of 156 healthy children of different age. These results were compared with the IRT of children with gastrointestinal disease. While IRT from newborn is significantly elevated, mean trypsin levels form older children do not differ from those found in adults. In acute pancreatitis too, as in renal failure, trypsin is elevated. Low trypsin values were estimated in acute hepatitis and Crohn's disease. In cystic fibrosis (CF) serum trypsin levels depend on the exocrine function of the pancreas. The IRT assay on dried blood-spots, seems to become a reliable and convenient neonatal screening test for CF in newborns.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of autoimmune hepatitis with hot labelled liver specific antigen.

In accordance with the clonal selection theory the authors intended to prevent the development of autoimmune hepatitis in rabbits with the aid of radiolabelled liver specific membrane (LSP) antigen administered prior to the antigen immunization. The autoimmune hepatitis was produced in rabbits by allogen LSP antigen. The inflammatory reaction was characterized by the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity in the sera, by the parameters of immune reaction as well as by lysosomal membrane alterations in the liver and by morphological findings. The process was inhibited by pre-treatment with hot labelled LSP antigen. Neither the radioactively labelled growth hormone pre-treatment, nor the application of hot labelled antigen at the last week of the experiment were able to prevent the humoral and lysosomal, as well as the morphological data characteristic for autoimmune hepatitis. The results obtained may be understood considering the mechanism of clonal selection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Catecholamines, GH, cortisol, glucagon, insulin, and sex hormones in exercise and beta 1-blockade (author's transl)].

The effects of beta-1-adrenergic blockade (100 mg metoprolol) on metabolism in exercise was examined in 14 healthy males who worked for 50 min on a treadmill at 65% of their maximal exercise capacity. The tests were carried out in a double blind fashion. Glucose and lactate were determined in arterialized capillary blood, free fatty acids, glycerol, growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon, insulin, testosterone, and estradiol in serum, and adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma. Lactate and glucose were not significantly affected by beta-1-adrenergic blockade, free fatty acids and glycerol were reduced by 50% and 30% respectively as compared with the unmedicated condition. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were increased by 104% and 54% respectively, growth hormone by 60%, cortisol by 72%, and glucagon by 36% when compared with the control experiments. Insulin and estradiol were unaffected, testosterone was depressed by 21% under medication. The results demonstrate that during prolonged exercise beta-1-adrenergic blockade depresses lipolysis. Energetic deficiency is prevented by counter-regulatory increases of various hormones. Consequently, from the metabolic point of view there is no indication of impairment of prolonged exercise capacity under beta-1-adrenergic blockade.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1982

[Granulomatous histiocytosis in a 70-year-old woman, revealed by prolonged fever ; osseous lesions in the femur and tibia were associated with diabetes insipidus and hypernatremia (author's transl)].

The different patterns of histiocytosis X are usually classified into three forms according to their clinical and pathological expression. One form is acute and disseminated ; the two others are chronic, unifocal or multifocal. Borderline cases and intermediate forms can be seen. For instance, onset can be acute or subacute in chronic disseminated forms, such as Hand-Schüller-Christian disease ; acute or subacute exacerbations may occur during the course of the disease. We report an observation of this type which is remarkable for three reasons. Fever was the initial manifestation and remained apparently isolated for one year. Subsequent osseous involvement was limited to the femur and tibia. Hypernatremia developed as a result of both diabetes insipidus and disrupted thirst control. These unusual features of our case-report led us to review previously published data.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Catecholamines, growth hormone, cortisol, insulin, and sex hormones in anaerobic and aerobic exercise.

Seventeen male physical education students performed three types of treadmill exercise: (1) progressive exercise to exhaustion, (2) prolonged exercise of 50 min duration at the anaerobic threshold of 4 mmol . l-1 blood lactate (AE), (3) a single bout of short-term high-intensity exercise at 156% of maximal exercise capacity in the progressive test, leading to exhaustion within 1.5 min (ANE). Immediately before and after ANE and before, during, and after AE adrenaline, noradrenaline, growth hormone, cortisol, insulin, testosterone, and oestradiol were determined in venous blood, and glucose and lactate were determined in arterialized blood from the earlobe. Adrenaline and noradrenaline increased 15 fold during ANE and 3--4 fold and 6--9 fold respectively during AE. The adrenaline/noradrenaline ratio was 1 : 3 during ANE and 1 : 10 during AE. Cortisol increased by 35% in ANE (12% of which appeared in the postexercise period) and 54% in AE. Insulin increased during ANE but decreased during AE. Testosterone and oestradiol increased by 14% and 16% during ANE and by 22% and 28% during AE. The results point to a markedly higher emotional stress and higher sympatho-adrenal activity in anaerobic exercise. Growth hormone and cortisol appear to be the more affected by intense prolonged exercise. Taking plasma volume changes and changes of metabolic clearance rates into consideration, neither of the exercise tests appeared to affect secretion of testosterone and oestradiol.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Hormonal and metabolic consequences of prolonged running at the individual anaerobic threshold.

To examine the metabolic and hormonal responses to non-exhaustive steady-state exercise at the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), 12 male physical education students performed treadmill exercise of 50 min duration. The treadmill speed equaled that at the IAT as assessed in a standardized progressive exercise test (75 +/- 2% of maximal oxygen uptake). Heart rate averaged 177.0 +/- 12.2 min-1 at 15 min and 184.5 +/- 11.5 min-1 at 50 min. After the initial adjustment, arterial lactate stabilized at individually different levels between 2.70 and 6.00 mmol/l without any substantial trend in the individual curves. Arterial glucose was unchanged throughout the test. Glycerol increased continuously to 157% above the preexercise value (P less than 0.001). The FFA blood level was not depressed but rather showed an increasing tendency between 25 and 50 min (P less than 0.05). Between 0 and 25 min, insulin decreased (P less than 0.01), growth hormone increased to 8 times its pre-exercise value (P less than 0.001), and cortisol did not show any significant changes. Between 25 and 50 min, no significant additional changes were detected for these hormones. At 15 min epinephrine and norepinephrine had increased 2.8- and 7-fold above the respective pre-exercise values (P less than 0.001); both catecholamines continued to increase until 50 min (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01). It is concluded that prolonged exercise at the IAT is associated with a steady-state condition in carbohydrate supply and turnover, as is suggested by the stable blood levels of glucose and lactate. The stably elevated blood level of lactate did not result in depression of the FFA blood level, suggesting unimpaired supply of FFA from extramuscular sources. Exercise at the IAT places a high load on aerobic metabolism without encountering progressive lactate accumulation and the associated metabolic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Trypsin deficiency in diabetes mellitus of children and adolescents (author's transl)].

In 111 children and juveniles aged 7--27 years suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus the immunoreactive plasma human pancreatic trypsin was measured by means of the method RIAGnost-Trypsin-test, Behring. Decreased plasma trypsin was measured at the onset of diabetes already. In patients with diabetes with a period of 8--13 years the trypsin values were found to be significantly lower (79.6 +/- 35.3 ng/ml) than in these suffering from diabetes 0--3 years (100,4 +/- 36.9 ng/ml). None of all these patients had clinical pancreatic disease. Abnormalities in exocrine pancreatic function occur in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which is not confined to pancreatic islets only. Until today clinical consequences not can be drawn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Metabolic and hormonal response to physical exercise under acute beta 1-adrenergic blockade (author's transl)].

In 14 healthy physical education students the effect of acute beta 1-adrenergic blockade (100 mg metoprolol) on maximal and prolonged exercise capacity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, catecholamines, insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol was studied in a double-blind trial. Metoprolol had no effect on maximal oxygen uptake. The 3.5% reduction of maximal exercise capacity had to be attributed to the reduced maximal lactate concentration. Maximal heart rate was reduced by approximately 22%. At submaximal work loads (treadmill) exercise with gradually increasing velocity), lipolysis appeared to be inhibited, arterial glucose and lactate concentrations were unaffected. With metoprolol, epinephrine levels at rest and submaximal work loads were elevated; no effect was apparent at maximal loads. Norepinephrine, insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol were unaffected in exercise with increasing work loads. In prolonged exercise at a constant load of approximately 70% of maximal exercise capacity, mean heart rate was reduced by 26%. Arterial lactate and glucose levels were essentially unchanged, free fatty acids and glycerol decreased by 50 and 30% respectively. With metoprolol, epinephrine increased by 100%, norepinephrine by 50% growth hormone by 60%, and cortisol by 90%, insulin remained unchanged. The results indicate that a reduction of exercise capacity by beta 1-adrenergic blockade in patients undergoing an endurance type training for therapeutic or rehabilitative purposes is unlikely to occur. The inhibition of lipolysis under metoprolol appears to be counteracted by the increased carbohydrate utilisation and by the increased secretion of the regulating hormones.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

Radioimmunological detection of morphine in stains of blood and urine.

Morphine in blood and urine spots was detected by the radioimmunoassay (125-J-Abuscreen R, Hoffmann La Roche) in nanogram quantities. Blood and urine drops containing morphine (5 or 20ng) were dropped on wood, fired clay or cotton and stored for perios of 1 to 21 days in a dry or humid environment. Detection in blood stains on cotton was achieved in all cases. Results were more variable in blood spots on clay or wood, but in most cases detection was possible. In urine, morphine was detectable only on cotton. The differences are explained by different degrees of adsorption of blood and urine on the materials and the difficulties of elution thereof.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1975

A comparative study of serum growth hormone and plasma cortisol levels in stimulation tests with insulin and propranolol-glucagon.

Insulin and propranolol-glucagon stimulation tests were carried out on 28 children and 5 adolescents and the results of their growth hormone and plasma cortisol estimations were compared. Twenty-nine subjects with normal growth hormone reserves showed a mean maximum rise of 17.4 muU/ml of serum growth hormone in the insulin test whereas the intramuscular injection of glucagon after oral premedication with propranolol produced a rise of 38.5 muU/ml. Five subjects with normal growth hormone reserves showed a reduced hormone output in the insulin stimulation tests but normal response in the propranolol-glucagon stimulation tests. Only one subject showed a poor response in the propranolol-glucagon but normal response in the insulin stimulation test. In 30 subjects with normal adrenocortical function the mean maximum increase of plasma cortisol was 15.6 muU/ml in the insulin - and 14.9 muU/ml in the propranolol-glucagon stimulation tests, respectively. Both methods are suitable for studying the pituitary-adrenocortical interrelationships. The mechanism of the release of glucagon-induced growth hormone is not clear but the fall in blood glucose does not seem to play a major role in the process. A stress-like mechanism is equally unlikely because vegetative symptoms occurred only i a small number of subjects after intramuscular glucagon administration. It is possible that glucagon possesses a releasing-like mechanism which operates in the pituitary itself.

Adolescent↗